1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1601_201103SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ1601 MAR2011 Issued 1975-05 Stabilized 2011-03 Superseding J
5、1601 JUL97 Rubber Cups for Hydraulic Actuating Cylinders RATIONALE The technical report covers technology, products, or processes which are mature and not likely to change in the foreseeable future. STABILIZED NOTICE This document has been declared “Stabilized“ by the SAE Hydraulic Brake Components
6、Standards Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo rep
7、roduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page 2 of 18 1. ScopeThese specifications cover molded cups 51 mm (2 in) in diameter and under, compounded from hightemperature resistant rubber for use in hydraulic actuating cylinders employing motor vehicl
8、e brake fluidconforming to the requirements specified in SAE J1703 and SAE J1705.These specifications cover the performance tests of hydraulic brake cups under specified conditions and donot include requirements relating to chemical composition, tensile strength, and elongation of the rubbercompound
9、.Disc brake seals are not covered by this document.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless Otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE Publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE
10、, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J1703Motor Vehicle Brake FluidSAE J1705Low Water Tolerant Brake Fluids2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM D 91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating OilsASTM D 4
11、71 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsASTM D 1415 Test Method for Rubber PropertyInternational HardnessASTM D 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometer HardnessASTM E 1Specification for ASTM ThermometersASTM E 145Specification for GravityConvection and Forced- Ventilation Ovens3. Ge
12、neral Material Requirements3.1 Workmanship and FinishCups shall be free from blisters, pinholes, cracks, protuberances, embeddedforeign material, or other physical defects, which can be detected by thorough inspection, and shall conform tothe dimensions specified on the drawings.Copyright SAE Intern
13、ational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page 3 of 18 3.2 MarkingThe identification mark of the manufacturer as recorded by the Rubber Manufacturers Associationand other details as sp
14、ecified on drawings shall be molded into each cup.3.3 PackagingCups shall be packaged to meet requirements specified by the purchaser.3.4 SamplingThe minimum lot on which complete specification tests shall be conducted for quality controltesting, or the frequency of any specific type test used to co
15、ntrol production, shall be agreed on by themanufacturer and the purchaser.4. Test Requirements4.1 Fluid Resistance4.1.1 RESISTANCE TO BRAKE FLUIDS AT ELEVATED TEMPERATUREAfter being subjected to the test for resistance tofluid at elevated temperature as prescribed in 5.1, the cups shall conform to t
16、he requirements specified inTable 1. The cups shall show no excessive disintegration as evidenced by blisters or sloughing.4.1.2 RESISTANCE TO WATER AT ELEVATED TEMPERATUREAfter being subjected to the test for resistance to fluid(using distilled water) at elevated temperature as prescribed in 5.1, t
17、he cups shall conform to therequirements specified as follows. The cups shall show no excessive disintegration as evidenced by blistersor sloughing.4.1.2.1 Water Resistance at Elevated Temperaturesa. Change in Volume +5.0% Maximum swell4.2 PrecipitationNot more than 0.3% sediment by volume shall be
18、formed in the centrifuge tube after the cupshave been tested as specified in 5.2.4.3 Wheel Cylinder Heat Pressure StrokingWheel cylinder cups when tested by the procedure specified in 5.3shall meet the following performance requirements:4.3.1 LIP DIAMETER CHANGEThe minimum lip diameter of wheel cyli
19、nder cups after the stroking test shall begreater than the wheel cylinder bore by the minimum dimensions specified in Table 2.TABLE 1FLUID RESISTANCE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURESElastomersLower Swelling(1)1. Lower Swelling elastomers are typically EP or EPDM.ElastomersHigher Swelling(2)2. Higher Swellin
20、g elastomers are typically SBR.Change inVolume 0 to +10% +5 to +20%Outside diameter, lip 0 to +4.0% 0 to +5.75%Outside diameter, base 0 to +4.0% 0 to +5.75%Hardness, ASTM D 1415, degrees 15 to 0 15 to 0Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or
21、 networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page 4 of 18 4.3.2 LEAKAGEConstant dampness past the cups or fluid discoloration of the filter paper on two or moreinspections shall be cause for rejection.4.3.3 CORROSIONPistons and cylinder bore shall not show corrosio
22、n as evidenced by pitting to an extentdiscernible to the naked eye, but stain or discoloration shall be permitted.4.3.4 CHANGE IN HARDNESSRubber cups shall not decrease in hardness by more than 15 degrees when tested inaccordance with the procedure as specified in 5.7.4.3.5 CONDITION OF TEST CUPWhee
23、l cylinder cups shall not show excessive deterioration such as scoring,scuffing, blistering, cracking, chipping (heel abrasion), or change in shape from original appearance.4.4 Master Cylinder Heat Pressure StrokingMaster cylinder cups when tested by the procedure specified in5.4, shall meet the fol
24、lowing performance requirements.4.4.1 LIP DIAMETER CHANGEThe minimum lip diameter of master cylinder cups after the stroking test shall begreater than the master cylinder bore by the minimum dimensions specified in Table 3.4.4.2 LEAKAGEConstant dampness past the secondary cup or fluid discoloration
25、of the filter paper on two ormore inspections shall be cause for rejection.4.4.3 CORROSIONPiston and cylinder bore shall not show corrosion as evidenced by pitting to an extentdiscernible to the naked eye, but staining or discoloration shall be permitted.4.4.4 CHANGE IN HARDNESSThe hardness of the p
26、rimary and secondary master cylinder test cups shall notdecrease in hardness by more than 15 degrees when tested according to the procedure specified in 5.7.4.4.5 CONDITION OF TEST CUPSThe primary and secondary cups shall not show excessive deterioration such asscoring, scuffing, blistering, crackin
27、g, chipping (heel abrasion), or change in shape from original appearance.TABLE 2WHEEL CYLINDER CUPSEXCESS OVER BORE(APPROPRIATE FOR HIGHER SWELLING MATERIALS ONLY)Diameter, mm (in) mm (in) minThrough 25.4 (1) 0.508 (0.020)Over 25.4 (1) through 38.1 (1-1/2) 0.635 (0.025)Over 38.1 (1-1/2) through 50.8
28、 (2) 0.762 (0.030)TABLE 3MASTER CYLINDER CUPSEXCESS OVER BORE(APPROPRIATE FOR HIGHER SWELLING MATERIALS ONLY)Diameter, mm (in) mm (in) minThrough 25.4 (1) 0.381 (0.015)Over 25.4 (1) through 38.1 (1-1/2) 0.508 (0.020)Over 38.1 (1-1/2) through 50.8 (2) 0.635 (0.025)Copyright SAE International Provided
29、 by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page 5 of 18 4.5 Low Temperature Performance4.5.1 LEAKAGENo leakage of fluid shall occur when cylinder cups are tested according to the procedure specifiedin
30、5.5.1.4.5.2 BEND TESTThe cylinder cup shall not crack and shall return to its approximate original shape within 1 minwhen tested according to the procedure specified in 5.5.2.4.6 Oven AgingCylinder cups when tested according to the procedure specified in 5.6 shall meet the followingrequirements:4.6.
31、1 CHANGE IN HARDNESSThe change in hardness shall be within the limits of 5 to +5 degrees.4.6.2 CONDITION OF TEST CUPSThe cups shall show no evidence of deterioration, or change in shape fromoriginal appearance.4.7 Corrosion ResistanceCups when tested by the procedure specified in 5.8 shall not cause
32、 corrosionexceeding the limits shown in Table 4. The metal strips outside of the area where the strips are in contact shallneither be pitted nor roughened to an extent discernible to the naked eye, but staining or discoloration ispermitted.The fluid water mixtures at end of test shall show no jellin
33、g at 23 C 5 C (73.4 F 9 F). No crystalline typedeposits shall form and adhere to either the glass jar walls or the surface of metal strips. The fluid-watermixture shall contain no more than 0.20% sediment by volume. The fluid-water mixture shall have a pH valueof not less than 7.0, nor more than 11.
34、5.4.8 Storage CorrosionAfter 12 cycles in the humidity cabinet when run according to the procedure specified in5.9, there shall be no evidence of corrosion adhering to or penetrating the wall of the cylinder bore which wasin contact with the test cup. Slight discoloration (staining) or any corrosion
35、 or spots away from the contactsurface of the test cups shall not be cause for rejection.TABLE 4CORROSION TEST STRIPS AND WEIGHT CHANGESTest Strip (1)1. Test strips may be obtained from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.RM No.Max PermissibleWeight Ch
36、ange,mg/cm2of SurfaceTinned Iron 6a 0.2Steel 7 0.2Aluminum 8 0.1Cast Iron 9 0.2Brass 10 0.4Copper 11 0.4Zinc ISO-2 0.4Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page
37、 6 of 18 5. Test Procedures5.1 Resistance to Fluid at Elevated TemperatureDimensional test.5.1.1 APPARATUSMicrometer, shadowgraph, or other suitable apparatus to measure accurately to 0.02 mm(0.001 in) and glass containers1of approximately 250 cm3(1/2 pt) capacity which can be tightly sealed(RM-51 a
38、nd RM-52).5.1.2 TEST SPECIMENSa. Four cups shall be used for testing at 120 C (248 F)b. Two cups shall be used for water testing at 70 C (158 F)5.1.3 PROCEDUREThe cups shall be rinsed in isopropyl alcohol and wiped dry with a clean, lint-free cloth toremove dirt and packing debris. Cups shall not be
39、 left in the alcohol for more than 30 s. The lip and basediameters shall be measured to the nearest 0.02 mm (0.001 in) taking the average of two readings at rightangles to each other. Care shall be taken when measuring the diameters before and after aging that themeasurements be taken in the same ma
40、nner and at the same locations.Determine and record the initial hardness of the test cups. Refer to 5.7 and Figure 1.FIGURE 1ANVIL FOR MEASURING HARDNESS(DESIGN TO ACCOMMODATE SEAL GEOMETRY)The volume of each cup shall be determined in the following manner: Weigh the cups in air (M1) to thenearest m
41、illigram and then weigh the cup immersed in distilled water at room temperature (M2).2Quickly dipeach specimen in isopropyl alcohol and then blot dry with filter paper free of lint and foreign material.Two cups shall be completely immersed in 75 cm3of each of the specified test fluids, as outlined i
42、nAppendices A and B, in suitable glass containers, and the containers shall be sealed to prevent vapor loss.The containers shall be placed in an oven at 120 C 2 C (248 F 3.6 F) for a period of 70 h 2 h. Two cups shall be completely immersed in 75 cm3of distilled water, in suitable glass contianers,
43、and thecontainers sealed to prevent vapor loss. The containers shall be placed in an oven at 70 C 2 C (158 F 3.6 F) for a period of 166 h 2 h. At the end of the heating period, remove the cups from the oven and allowto cool in the container at 23 C 5 C (73.4 F 9 F) for 60 to 90 min. At the end of th
44、e cooling period,remove the cups from the container and rinse in isopropyl alcohol and wipe dry with a clean, lint-free cloth.Cups shall not remain in the alcohol for more than 30 s.1. Suitable test jars and tinned steel lids can be obtained from Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., 400 Commonweal
45、th Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096.2. A trace of a suitable wetting agent not large enough to significantly affect the specific weight of the water should be added to the distilled water to eliminate small air bubbles from being trapped on the rubber surface during the weighing process.Copyright SAE Int
46、ernational Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1601 Stabilized MAR2011 Page 7 of 18 After removal from the alcohol and drying, weigh each specimen in air (M3), again to the nearest milligram,then reweigh immers
47、ed in room temperature distilled water (M4) to determine water displacement after hotfluid immersion.The final volume, dimensions, and hardness of each cup shall be determined within 30 to 60 min after rinsingin alcohol.5.1.4 CALCULATION AND REPORT5.1.4.1 Volume ChangeShall be reported as a percenta
48、ge of the original volume. The calculation shall be madeas follows in Equation 1:(Eq. 1)where:M1= initial mass in airM2= initial mass in waterM3= mass in air after immersion in test fluidM4= mass in water after test5.1.4.2 Dimensional ChangesThe original measurements shall be subtracted from the measurements takenafter the test and the difference reported as a percentage of the original diameters.5.1.4.3 Change in hardness shall be determined and recorded.5.1.4.4 Examine
