1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2011 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1606_201102SURFACEVEHICLEINFORMATIONREPORTJ1606 FEB2011 Issued 1993-03 Stabilized 2011-02 Supe
5、rseding J1606 OCT1997 Headlamp Design Guidelines for Mature Drivers RATIONALE The technical report covers technology, products, or processes which are mature and not likely to change in the foreseeable future. STABILIZED NOTICE This document has been declared “Stabilized“ by the SAE Road Illuminatio
6、n Devices Standards Committee and will no longer be subjected to periodic reviews for currency. Users are responsible for verifying references and continued suitability of technical requirements. Newer technology may exist. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Re
7、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1606 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 2 of 4 ForewordMature drivers represent an appreciable percentage of the driving population. In 1989, the percentageof drivers of age 50 years and older represented 30% of the driving populatio
8、n. The number of drivers in this agegroup was on the order of 50 million! Demographic data such as this provides strong justification for giving specificconsideration to the needs of mature drivers when developing SAE standards.1. ScopeThis SAE Information Report should be used as a supplement to SA
9、E J1383 (Reference 2.1.1). It isintended to provide additional information which is important to the automotive designer and engineer in theprocess of designing, developing, and engineering the headlamps of motor vehicles which will take intoaccount the effects of the aging process on the driver.2.
10、References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein.2.1.1 SAE J1383 JUN90Performance Requirements for Motor Vehicle Headlamps.2.1.2 Olson, P.L., “Problems of Nighttime Visibility and Glare for Older Drivers,“ SAE 881756. War
11、rendale: SAE(1988).2.1.3 Yanik, A. J., “Vehicle Design Considerations for Older Drivers,“ SAE 885090. Warrendale: SAE (1988).2.1.4 Kornzweig, A. C., “Physiological Effects of Age On the Visual Process,“ Sight Saving Review, Vol. 24,(1954).2.1.5 Bhise, V. D., Farber, E. I. and Matle, C. C., “Predicti
12、ng the Effects of Driver Age on Visual Performance inNight Driving,“ SAE 890873. Warrendale: SAE (1989).2.1.6 Arens, J. B., “The Potential Impact of Automotive Headlight Changes on the Visibility of ReflectorizedHighway Signs,“ SAE 870238. Warrendale: SAE (1987).2.1.7 Bhise, V. D. and Matle, C. C.,
13、“Effects of Headlamp Aim and Aiming Variability on Visual Performance inNight Driving,” Trans. Res. Record 1247. Transportation Research Board (1989).2.1.8 FMVSS No. 108: Lamps, reflective devices, and associated equipment.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for Res
14、aleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1606 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 3 of 4 2.1.9 EEC 76/756 Appendix 5: Installation of lighting and light-signalling devices on motor vehicles and theirtrailers.2.1.10 ECE Reg. No. 45: Uniform provisions concerning the approval o
15、f headlamp cleaners and of motor vehicleswith regard to headlamp cleaners.2.1.11 SAE J852 DEC93Front Cornering Lamps for Use on Motor Vehicles.3. GeneralThere are a number of age-related changes that can affect the ability of persons to collect visualinformation while operating a motor vehicle at ni
16、ght (Reference 2.1.2, 2.1.3). The more important of these are:a. Reduced visual capabilities at low levels of illuminationb. Increased sensitivity to glarec. Longer recovery time from glared. Decreased visual acuitye. Longer motor response timef. Decreased contrast sensitivityThe primary headlamp ch
17、aracteristics specified or referenced in SAE J1383 (Reference 2.1.1) that have animpact on these factors are:a. Beam candlepowerb. Candlepower distributionc. AimThese characteristics and their relationship to the aging process are discussed in the following section.4. Specifics4.1 Beam CandlepowerOn
18、e of the primary effects of aging on vision is that less illumination reaches the light-sensitive portion of the eye (the retina). The reduction can be quite large. For example, for the same lightingconditions, the illumination of the retina of an 80-year-old person will be about 10% of that at the
19、retina of ayoung person (Reference 2.1.4). Hence, older persons need higher levels of illumination. This is most affectedby the candlepower that is directed to areas of the forward field where targets are likely to appear (Reference2.1.5). It is also desirable that more illumination be directed to t
20、he “wing“ areas to facilitate seeing driveways,close-in curbs, etc.4.2 Candlepower DistributionThe need for increased illumination must be balanced against the fact that theaging eye is much more affected by glare. Disability glare comes about because light entering the eyes of aperson is scattered
21、somewhat, producing a veil or curtain of diffused light across the retina and therebyreducing target contrast. The amount of scattered light increases as the eye ages. Thus, it is important thatthe intensities above the horizontal axis of a low beam headlamp be maintained at reasonably low levels. O
22、fcourse, sufficient illumination should be maintained for sign detection and legibility (Reference 2.1.5, 2.1.6).4.3 AimTo provide both enhanced visibility and increased glare protection to the older driver means that areas ofrelatively high illumination and low illumination in headlamp beam pattern
23、s must be maintained in closerproximity. This, in turn, necessitates that aim must be maintained within close tolerances (Reference 2.1.7).Major aspects of proper aim include:a. Providing proper aim during vehicle manufactureb. Designing mounting mechanisms that will hold aim securely while the vehi
24、cle is in usec. Facilitating accurate aiming and checking of aim in the fieldd. Minimizing aim error when bulbs are replacede. Considering auxiliary devices such as manual or automatic aim levelers and load levelers to maintain aimCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot
25、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1606 Stabilized FEB2011 Page 4 of 4 4.4 Other Possible AssistsThese assists help in maintaining proper aim and roadway illumination and inproviding additional light in wing areas. They are of benefit to all drivers
26、in all age groups but preferentially tothose in the mature driver age group.a. On-board aimers (Reference 2.1.8)b. Aim levelers (for loading) as required in Germany (Reference 2.1.9)c. Headlamp washers with or without wipers as required in Sweden, Norway, and Finland (Reference2.1.10)d. Cornering la
27、mps (Reference 2.1.11)5. Notes5.1 Marginal IndiciaThe change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locatingareas where technical revisions have been made to the previous issue of the report. An (R) symbol to the leftof the document title indicates a complete revision of the report.PREPARED BY THE SAE MATURE DRIVER STANDARDS COMMITTEECopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
