1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1750_201010SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1750 OCT2010 Issued 1995-03Revised 2010-10Superse
5、ding J1750 MAR1995 (R) Describing and Evaluating the Truck Drivers Viewing Environment RATIONALEThe 1995 version of this SAE Recommended Practice presented only two methods of evaluation: the Polar Plot and the Horizontal Planar Projection. Each of these methods is insufficient to adequately describ
6、e both direct and indirect fields of view around the entirety of the vehicle. However, the document referenced additional “experimental and graphical methods” that were defined at the time as beyond the scope of the document. This release is intended not to replace methods originally presented, and
7、rather adds the preferred Target Evaluation, which allows for utilization of available tools that complete the original purpose of this Recommended Practice. The Target Evaluation Method may be utilized for alternative vision systems as well (i.e., cameras and monitors), but additional work is neces
8、sary to specify system requirements that appropriately consider valid image representation (clarity, acuity, distortion, size, etc.). A minimum mirror radius of 300 mm for a spherical convex mirror is recommended based on a consensus of the committee. Appendix D describes the rational for this limit
9、 which is derived from considerations of visual acuity and typical vehicle layout. In establishing a Target Evaluation Procedure, care was taken to ensure that the evaluation could be conducted in a simulated environment with appropriate CAD utilization, or equivalently with manual methods. This pro
10、cedure details target cylinders and spacing, which were selected to be similar to the concept established in the Federal Regulation FMVSS 111, as required for school buses, with notable improvements. Within the Target Evaluation Method, it is acknowledged that the extrapolation of the solid angles t
11、o form a vision cone, are not fully detailed in this Procedure with consideration of ergonomic limitations (i.e., head and eye movement). These limitations should be considered, but as with the previous 1995 version, are beyond the scope of this document. It is recognized that the Target Evaluation
12、Procedure counts the cylinder targets on the boundary between zones twice but it was judged by the Task Force to be preferable over a more complicated procedure that attempted to resolve the double count. This resolution of boundary target cylinders also allows each zone to be assessed independently
13、, as well as in summary, to achieve a field of view volume evaluation. The Target Evaluation Procedure requires a setup with the mirrors in the nominal adjustment position. The Task Force intended to require that both the top and bottom corners of the extremities of the vehicle would be visible, but
14、 it was determined that in most situations these extremities could not be viewed simultaneously without adjusting the mirror surface from nominal. Therefore, the bottom extremities of the vehicle were chosen as required view points. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAEN
15、ot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1750 Revised OCT2010 Page 2 of 291. SCOPE & PURPOSE This SAE Recommended Practice establishes three alternate methods for describing and evaluating the truck drivers viewing environment: the Target Evaluation, the
16、 Polar Plot and the Horizontal Planar Projection. The Target Evaluation describes the field of view volume around a vehicle, allowing for ray projections, or other geometrically accurate simulations, that demonstrate areas visible or non-visible to the driver. The Target Evaluation method may also b
17、e conducted manually, with appropriate physical layouts, in lieu of CAD methods. The Polar Plot presents the entire available field of view in an angular format, onto which items of interest may be plotted, whereas the Horizontal Planar Projection presents the field of view at a given elevation chos
18、en for evaluation. These methods are based on the Three Dimensional Reference System described in SAE J182a. This document relates to the drivers exterior visibility environment and was developed for the heavy truck industry (Class B vehicles, class 6, 7, 8 vehicles) although the projection principl
19、es presented in this document can be applied to any class of motor vehicles. This document is intended to complement SAE J1050a and provides a visual format that can describe the drivers entire viewing environment. This environment can then be analyzed to determine what the driver is capable of seei
20、ng. It should be noted that one of the most important factors affecting the drivers field of view and the ability to make valid vehicle/design comparisons is the location of the drivers eyepoint. SAE J941 defines the Eyellipse which forms the basis for eyepoints chosen as the origin for Polar Plots
21、and Horizontal Planar Projections. The Target Evaluation, Horizontal Planar Projection and Polar Plot create monocular evaluations. Projections/plots of multiple eyepoints must be overlaid to create binocular or ambinocular evaluations. Analytical methods for creating Target Evaluations, Polar Plots
22、 and Horizontal Planar Projections for direct and indirect vision (planar and spherical convex mirrors) are presented. Note that it is possible to create plots and projections for other mirror surfaces and vision devices if the equations for determining reflection points are provided.2. REFERENCES 2
23、.1 Applicable Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.2 SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-6
24、06-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J182a Motor Vehicle Fiducial Marks and Three-dimensional Reference System SAE J264 Vision Glossary SAE J941 Motor Vehicle Drivers Eye Locations SAE J1050a Describing and Measuring the Drivers Field of View SAE J1100 Motor
25、 Vehicle Dimensions 2.3 Other Publications TNO 01.OR.NT.011.1/JvdH Research Paper published by TNO Institute regarding Object Acuity in Vision Limitations. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
26、-,-,-SAE J1750 Revised OCT2010 Page 3 of 293. SAE J1516 ACCOMMODATION TOOL REFERENCE POINT DEFINITIONS 3.1 Drivers Viewing Environment The environment surrounding the driver as described relative to the driver and his/her vision abilities. 3.2 Polar Plot A two-dimensional plot that represents the an
27、gle of sight lines tangent to items of interest within the drivers viewing environment relative to the horizontal and vertical plane passing through the origin of the sight line. 3.3 Horizontal Planar Projection A two-dimensional plot which represents the intersection of sight lines with a ground pl
28、ane or a specified plane parallel to the ground plane. The sight lines are tangent to items of interest within the drivers viewing environment. The Horizontal Planar Projection maps only the limits of items of interest (in contrast to the Polar Plot). The effect is as if a lamp at thedrivers eyes ca
29、sts a shadow of a window, mirror or other item onto the plane. 3.4 Eyellipse The contraction of the words “Eye“ and “Ellipse“ and is so named because of the elliptical shape of the drivers eye range. “Eyellipse“ is the statistical model defined in SAE J941. 3.5 Monocular Field of View The field of v
30、iew that can be seen by one eye. (Reference SAE J1050a) 3.6 Binocular Field of View The total field of view that can be seen by both eyes simultaneously. (Reference SAE J1050a) 3.7 Ambinocular Field of View The total field of view that can be seen by both eyes separately. This includes the binocular
31、 field as well as the monocular field visible to the right eye but not the left eye and vice versa. (Reference SAE J1050a) 3.8 Sight Line A line representing the drivers line of sight from an eye point or a V point to a target point or at a given angle. 3.9 Vision Reference PointsPoints from which s
32、ight planes/lines may be constructed. (V point) 3.10 Vision Opening Line What the driver actually perceives as the D.L.O. (day light opening). It is the intersection of a surface of interest and a sight line from a vision reference point, tangent to the first body component obstructing these sight l
33、ines (i.e., window moldings, seals, ceramic paint, concealed wipers, front end surface, etc.) 3.11 Polar Plot/Horizontal Planar Projection Origin Point Selected by the plot originator. It can be the eyellipse centroid, left or right eyellipse centroid, or a vision reference point.Copyright SAE Inter
34、national Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1750 Revised OCT2010 Page 4 of 293.12 Item of Interest An item which the plot originator chooses to define as part of the drivers viewing environment. It can be vehi
35、cle vision opening lines, other vehicles, field of view targets, lane markers, etc. Note that items of interest may be unique to a specific eye point. For example, an item of interest such as the top edge of the dash may disappear as the eye point moves upward. The new item of interest might be the
36、hood. 3.13 Variable/Coordinate System Definitions The three-dimensional vehicle coordinate system is that established in J182. The positive X axis is to the rear, the positive Y axis to the drivers right and the positive Z axis is up. A second coordinate system is used in the Polar Plot and Horizont
37、al Planar Projection calculations. In this system the axis directions remain the same, but the origin is moved to the eye point. Table 1 is presented to assist in the definition of the variables in both systems: TABLE 1 - COORDINATE SYSTEM NOTATION VehicleCoordinateSystem EyeCoordinateSystem Convers
38、ionPoint on Item of Interest Tx, Ty, Tz tx, ty, tz tx = Tx - Ex ty = Ty - Ey tz = Tz - Ez Point on Mirror Mx, My, Mz mx, my, mz mx = Mx - Ex my = My - Ey mz = Mz - Ez Intercept Nx, Ny nx, ny nx = Nx - Ex Point on ny = Ny - Ey Horizontal Plane 3.14 Class B Vehicles Those vehicles having an H point he
39、ight (H30) between 405 and 520 mm and steering wheel diameters (W9) between 450 and 560 mm. This class of vehicles includes heavy trucks and some buses and multipurpose vehicles. (Reference SAE J1516) 3.15 Accommodation Heel Reference Point Refer to SAE J1516. 3.16 Accommodation Tool Reference Point
40、 A point on the Accommodation Tool Reference Line at height H30 (as specified by the vehicle manufacturer). (Reference SAE J1516) 3.17 Accommodation Tool Reference Line Refer to SAE J1516. 3.18 Seat Back Angle (A40) Refer to SAE J1100. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with S
41、AENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1750 Revised OCT2010 Page 5 of 294. TARGET EVALUATION PROCEDURE 4.1 The target evaluation procedure is intended to represent positions of objects around a vehicle in 3-D, typically on a ground plane projection.
42、 The exercise described may be conducted with a geometrically accurate 3-D software, or manually with appropriate physical layouts around an actual vehicle.4.2 Standard Target Description The standard target is described as a cylinder with three stacked sections, each 04 m (1.312 ft) in diameter and
43、 in height. Each section is color-coded from top to bottom as red, yellow and green, resulting in a total cylinder height of 1.2 m (3.937 ft). See Figure 1. FIGURE 1 - VISION EVALUATION TARGET 4.3 Target Displacement Pattern and Coordinate Identification The target evaluation procedure is to be cond
44、ucted specific to a study vehicle. Therefore, coordinates of each cylinder position are defined in relation to a given vehicle (Figure 2). Each cylinder point should be located on a 0.485 m x 0.485 m grid pattern (1.5 ft x 1.5 ft). The front grid should be established starting with the cylinder at p
45、osition F (0,0) touching thefront center of the vehicle bumper. The front grid should extend to the rear extreme of the vehicle. To account for varying vehicle lengths, a secondary grid should be established starting with the cylinder R (0,0) touching the rear center of the vehicle extremity.This gr
46、id layout may result in a narrow spacing between the beginning of the rear grid starting at R (0,0), and the truncation of the front grid, which extends to the back of the trailer. This is judged acceptable because it is more conservative to have closer spacing and it is essential that the rear zone
47、s begin at the rear bumper. Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1750 Revised OCT2010 Page 6 of 29FIGURE 2 - GRID LOCATION NUMBERING 4.4 Field of View Zone Identification The near fie
48、ld zones around the vehicle are defined as follows (see Figures 3 and 4): NOTE: While SAE procedures require metric units, the standard U.S. road lane width is 12 ft (3.658 m). The zones dimensions are defined using multiples of “L” (“L” equals 3.658 m).Front Left (FL) Left adjacent lane (1 L wide) from a line touching the front bumper forward 2.5 x L, and extending to the back of the cab. Front Forward (FF) Vehicle lane (1 L wide) from a line touching the front bumper forward 2.5 x L Front Right (FR) Right adjacent lane (1 L wide) from a line touchi
