1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.s
3、ae.orgCopyright 2001 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ1832REV.FEB2001Issued 1989-11Revised 2001-02Superseding J1832 N
4、OV1989Low Pressure Gasoline Fuel InjectorForewordA fuel injector is an electromechanical solenoid actuator that delivers a specific amount of fuel to theengine. The amount of fuel is controlled by the length of time the injector is open, and the differential pressureacross the injector. A more detai
5、led description of the injector flow path and basic operation may be found in theattached appendix. The amount of time the injector is open is typically determined by an engine control module.Examples of common injector firing strategies for engine applications may be found in 5.2 of this document.F
6、uel injectors are typically used in two main types of fuel systems. These fuel systems are determined by thepoint at which the fuel is introduced in relationship to the engine air control valve (throttle body). Fuel systemswhich introduce fuel upstream of the throttle body are commonly referred to a
7、s throttle body injection (TBI) orcentral fuel injection (CFI). Fuel systems which introduce fuel directly into the individual cylinder air intake runnerare commonly referred to as multi-port fuel injection (MPFI) or port fuel injection (PFI).TABLE OF CONTENTS1. Scope . 42. References . 52.1 Applica
8、ble Publications 52.1.1 SAE Publications 52.1.2 ASTM Publications . 52.1.3 CFR Publications 52.1.4 Government Publications . 63. Standard Test Conditions. 63.1 Test Fluid 63.2 Fluid Temperature 63.3 Injector Temperature 63.4 Pressure . 63.5 Period . 63.6 Pulse Width . 63.7 Injector Driver . 63.8 Pol
9、arity . 63.9 Test Apparatus 6Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised FEB2001-2-4. Basic Characteristics and Definitions .74.1 Functional Parameters74.1.1 Period (P)74.1.2 Puls
10、e Width (PW) 74.1.3 Static Flow Rate (Qs) 74.1.4 Dynamic Flow (Qd) .74.1.5 Dynamic Flow Rate (Q) 74.1.6 Dynamic Flow Calculated (Qdc) 74.1.7 Dynamic Set Point (PWxx) 74.1.8 Dynamic Set Point Flow (Qsp) 74.1.9 Linearity Deviation (LD) 74.1.10 Slope (m) 74.1.11 Slope Approximated (ma) .104.1.12 Time-O
11、ffset (X) .104.1.13 Flow-Offset (Y)104.1.14 Flow Range (LFR, WFR) 104.1.15 Repeatability .114.1.16 Stability (S) .114.1.17 Opening and Closing Time (OT and CT) 124.1.18 Coil Resistance (R).144.1.19 Inductance (L).144.1.20 Control Module Power Dissipation154.1.21 Spray Pattern and Distribution154.1.2
12、2 Leakage 234.1.22.1 External Leakage Test Procedure 234.1.22.2 Seat Leakage Test Procedure 244.1.23 Operating Voltage Range .264.1.24 Static Pull-In Current (I/S-ON) 284.1.25 Static Drop-Out Current (I/S-OFF)284.1.26 Pressure Drop Ratio (PDR) 284.1.27 Insulation Resistance (IR).284.1.28 Durability
13、Flow Shifts 284.1.29 Environmental Flow Shifts 295. Application Related Parameters and Tests 295.1 Injector Driver .295.2 Firing Strategies305.3 Operating Temperature Range.335.4 Injector Fouling 345.5 Salt Corrosion .345.6 Fluid Compatibility (External)355.7 Fluid Compatibility (Internal) .385.8 Ph
14、ysical Tests.395.8.1 Test Fixture Mounting .395.8.2 Assessment of Performance.395.8.3 Axial Test Procedure 395.8.4 Torsional Moment Test Procedure .405.8.5 Bending Moment.405.8.6 Vibration Test .415.8.7 Shock Test Procedure 415.9 Bench Durability415.10 Environmental Flow Shifts 425.10.1 Hot Lean Shi
15、ft .425.10.2 Vacuum Sensitivity .43Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised FEB2001-3-5.10.3 Synergistic Testing .435.11 Injector Acoustical Noise .456. Test Equipment.476.1 Hy
16、draulic System476.2 Electrical .507. Notes 517.1 Marginal Indicia.517.2 Statistical Data Analysis .517.3 Presentation of Performance Data .51Appendix A 53Figure 1 Characteristic Injector Flow Curve8Figure 2 Calculation of Flow Range9Figure 3 Measurement of Closing Time Instability12Figure 4a Typical
17、 Opening and Closing Events with Peak and Hold Driver .13Figure 4b Typical Opening and Closing Events with Saturated Driver .13Figure 5 Accelerometer Mounting Locations 14Figure 6 Spray Types and Targeting Examples16Figure 7 Cone Angle Callout for Typical Multiple Stream .17Figure 8 Cone Angle Callo
18、ut for Typical Off-Axis Stream.17Figure 9 Radial Spray Collection Vessel.18Figure 10 Typical Setup for Cone Spray.19Figure 11 Typical Fuel Distribution of Hollow Cone Spray19Figure 12 Typical Fuel Distribution of Solid Cone Spray.20Figure 13 Segmental Spray Collection Vessel20Figure 14 Spray Distrib
19、ution Test Fixture .21Figure 15 Spray Pattern Collection Vessel (Gridded Type) 22Figure 16 Spray Pattern Collection Vessel (Hard Tool Application Dependant Type)22Figure 17 External Injector Leak Test Fixture .24Figure 18 Hydraulic Leak Test Set-up 25Figure 19 Effects of Voltage on Performance .27Fi
20、gure 20 Typical Injector Current with Peak and Hold Driver 30Figure 21 Typical Injector Current with Saturated Driver 31Figure 22 Port Fuel Injection Firing Strategies32Figure 23 Thermal Cycle Time Schedule33Figure 24 Axial Load Fixture .39Figure 25 Torsional Load Fixture 40Figure 26 Bending moment
21、Fixture.40Figure 27 Shock and Vibration Fixture41Figure 28 Hot Lean Shift .43Figure 29 Injector Hot Lean Shift and Vacuum Sensitivity Testing Set-up44Figure 30 Injector Noise Testing Set-Up.46Figure 31 Hydraulic Schematic for Bottom Feed Injector47Figure 32 Hydraulic Schematic for Top Feed Injector.
22、48Figure 33 Bottom Feed Injector Test Head.49Figure 34 Top Feed Injector Test Head 49Figure 35 Electrical Wiring Diagram for Fuel injector Testing.50Figure 36 Injector Driver Edge Connections .51Figure A1A Top Feed Injector54Figure A1B Bottom Feed Injector 54Copyright SAE International Provided by I
23、HS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised FEB2001-4-Figure A2 Fuel Metering and Spray Generation55Figure A3 Magnetic Circuit 571. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice promotes uniformity in the evaluation and qualificati
24、on testsconducted on fuel injectors used in gasoline engine applications. Its scope is limited to electronically actuatedfuel injection devices used in automotive port or throttle body fuel injection systems where fuel supply pressureis below 1000 kPa. It is primarily restricted to bench tests. More
25、 specifically, this document is intended for useas a guide to the following:Standardize use of nomenclature specifically related to fuel injectors.Identify and define those parameters that are used to measure fuel injector characteristics or performance.The parameters included in this document are l
26、isted along with their recommended symbol where appropriate:Closing Time (CT)Inductance (L)Coil Resistance (R)Dynamic Flow (Qd)Dynamic Flow Calculated (Qdc)Dynamic Flow Rate (Q)Dynamic Flow Temperature Shift (Qtd)Dynamic Flow Vacuum Shift (Qvd)Dynamic Minimum Operating Voltage (DMOV)Dynamic Set Poin
27、t (PWxx)Dynamic Set Point Flow (Qsp)External LeakageFlow-Offset (Y)Insulation Resistance (IR)Linear Flow Range (LFR)Linearity Deviation (LD)Maximum Overload VoltageOpening Time (OT)Operating Voltage RangePeriod (P)Pulse Width (PW)Pressure Drop Ratio (PDR)RepeatabilitySlope (m)Slope Approximated (ma)
28、Spray PatternStability (S)Static Drop-Out Current (I/S-OFF)Static Flow Rate (Qs)Static Minimum Operating Voltage (SMOV)Static Pull-In Current (I/S-ON)Time-Offset (X)Working Flow Range (WFR)Establish test procedures and recommend test equipment and methods to measure and quantify theseparameters.Esta
29、blish test procedures, and recommend test equipment and methods to quantify simulated field reliabilityover the life of the component.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised F
30、EB2001-5-Except where stated, test results are recorded for individual parts under recommended test conditions. Wherepopulation characteristics are reported, the sample size, selection method, and analysis technique must beexplicitly stated.Any testing practices which are different than those recomm
31、ended in this specification should be noted on thedata collection sheet.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise specified, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATI
32、ONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J306Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Viscosity ClassificationSAE J308Axle and Manual Transmission LubricantsSAE J310Automotive Lubricating GreasesSAE J313Diesel FuelsSAE J814Engine Coolants2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvail
33、able from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM B 117Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusASTM D 56Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed TesterASTM D 86Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric PressureAS
34、TM D 323Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)ASTMD445Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (TheCalculation of Dynamic Viscosity)ASTMD471Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Effect of Liquid(Reference Fuels A-K) definitions fou
35、nd in Table 3)ASTM D 893Standard Test Method for Insolubles in Used Lubricating OilsASTM D 1128Standard Test Method for Analysis of Lubricating GreaseASTM D 1266Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)ASTMD1298Standard Practice for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), or A
36、PI Gravity of CrudePetroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer MethodASTMD1319Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by FluorescentIndicator AdsorptionASTMD1744Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by KarlFisher ReagentASTM D 2
37、699Test Method for Research Octane Number of Spark-Ignition Engine FuelASTM D 3231Test Method for Phosphorus in GasolineASTM D 3237Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry2.1.3 CFR PUBLICATIONSAvailable from The Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,W
38、ashington, DC 20402.40CFR 86.113Controls of Emissions from New and in-use Highway Vehicles and Engines FuelSpecifications40CFR600.109Fuel Economy of Motor Vehicles EPA Driving Cycles49CFR571.116Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards Motor Vehicle Brake FluidsCopyright SAE International Provided by I
39、HS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised FEB2001-6-2.1.4 U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONSAvailable from DODSSP, Subscription Services Desk, Building 4D, 700Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.MIL-STD-810Environmen
40、tal Considerations and Laboratory Tests3. Standard Test ConditionsUnless otherwise specified, the following test conditions are implied:3.1 Test Fluid(see appendix) Normal Heptane is recommended for measurement of injector performancecharacteristics as required in the section on “Basic Characteristi
41、cs and Definitions”. Evaluations conductedunder the “Application Related Parameters and Tests” (Section 5) are to be performed with fluids appropriateto the section of these test standards or specified by the user.3.2 Fluid TemperatureShould be measured at the injector inlet and stabilized at 21 C 2
42、.0 C (see 6.1).3.3 Injector TemperatureShould be stabilized at ambient temperature 21 C 2.0 C prior to test.3.4 PressureThe differential pressure across the injector will be determined by the application and held to within0.5% of this value throughout the test. It should be specified in (kPa) units
43、and measured at the injector inlet(see 6.1).3.5 Period (P)The time elapsed between the beginning of one injection pulse to the beginning of the next pulseshall be 10 ms 0.001 ms.3.6 Pulse Width (PW)The increment of time (ms) that the injectors are commanded to deliver fuel each injectionperiod shall
44、 be determined by the type of test being conducted and held within 0.001 ms.3.7 Injector DriverDetermined by application and of instrument grade quality (see 5.1 for typical driver types).Voltage supplied to the driver shall be 14.0 V DC 0.05 V DC. Driver type and operating characteristics shallbe r
45、ecorded on injector performance data sheet.3.8 PolarityMaintained constant throughout all testing and same as that used in the application.3.9 Test ApparatusThe type of flow fixture used will vary depending on the particular injector parameter beingevaluated (Section 6).3.9.1 INSTRUMENTSStabilized p
46、er manufacturers recommendations.3.9.2 INJECTOR POSITIONThe injector should be mounted vertically unless otherwise designated in the relativetest procedure.3.9.3 PRECONDITIONINGPurge injectors and test apparatus with test fluid to remove all air, vapors, and shippingfluids. Flow injectors for 10 000
47、 pulses at 5 ms PW and 10 ms P. Discard purge fluid.3.9.4 FLOW MEASUREMENTFlow rate may be measured by either volume or mass flow with the latter being thepreferred method. Data should be reported in mass flow units (g/s or mg/pulse) and all pertinent informationshall be recorded (number of pulses,
48、fuel mass, etc.). Prior to flow measurement, the injector should bewarmed up for a minimum of 5000 pulses at 5 ms PW and 10 ms P. Dynamic flow measurement shallalways precede the static flow measurement.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction o
49、r networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE J1832 Revised FEB2001-7-4. Basic Characteristics and Definitions4.1 Functional ParametersThe following are parameters used in describing and/or measuring the basicfunctional characteristics of the injector.4.1.1 PERIOD (P)The reciprocal of the frequency of injection; that is, the time elapsed between the beginning ofone injection to the beginning of the next injection, exp
