1、 _ SAE Technical 6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSXEOLVKHGE 6$(WRDGYDQFHWKHVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJLQHHULQJVFLHQF es. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patenWLQIULQJHPHQWDULVLQJWKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQVLE
2、LOLWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sto
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4、 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J1832_201610 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1832 OCT2016 Issued 1989-11 Revised 2016-10 Superseding J1832 FEB2001 (R) Low
5、 Pressure Gasoline Fuel Injector RATIONALE The use of uniform and standardized testing and evaluation procedures for port fuel injectors is important to the worldwide automotive community. The use of standardized test procedures provides an option to both injector manufacturers and end-users to have
6、 one defined test for each of the key injector performance parameters, instead of a specialized test protocol for each of many customers and applications. Although the direct injection system is growing in importance and application, the port fuel injection system continues to be the dominant method
7、 of gasoline metering in automotive engines throughout the world. Therefore, the many port fuel injector testing procedures that are detailed in this fully revised and expanded document will continue to have significant application. FOREWARD Port fuel injectors continue to be utilized in the majorit
8、y of automotive gasoline engine applications, and thus remain a critical component of automotive gasoline fuel systems. The PFI injector has been the choice for fuel metering in gasoline systems since it began displacing carburetors in the early 1980s. Although the high-pressure, direct-injector is
9、now beginning to replace the low-pressure port fuel injector in some applications, there will be a continuing need for updated recommended practice documents such as J1832 that detail the recommended testing procedures and the characterization of PFI injectors. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE . 5 1.1 Pur
10、pose 6 2. REFERENCES . 6 2.1 Applicable Documents . 6 2.1.1 SAE Publications 6 2.1.2 ASTM Publications . 7 2.1.3 ISO Publications . 8 2.1.4 CFR Publications . 8 2.1.5 U.S. Government Publications . 8 3. BASIC CHARACTERISTICS, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS . 8 3.1 Definitions related to Fuel Injectio
11、n 8 3.2 Additional Definitions (in Alphabetical Order) 9 3.3 Abbreviations . 14 3.4 PFI Injector Operating Principles . 15 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1832 OCT2016 Page 2 of 135 4. STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS . 20 4.1 Ambient Pressure and Temperature 20 4.2 Test Fluid . 20 4.3 Fluid Temperature 21 4.4 Injector
12、Temperature 21 4.5 Fuel Pressure . 21 4.6 Period (P) . 22 4.7 Injection Pulse Width (IPW) . 22 4.8 Injector Driver . 22 4.9 Polarity . 22 4.10 Test Apparatus . 22 4.11 Instruments 22 4.12 Injector Position 22 4.13 Injector Preconditioning 22 4.14 Flow Measurement Parameters and Options 23 4.15 Summa
13、ry of Standard Test Conditions 23 5. ELECTROMECHANICAL AND FLOW PARAMETERS 26 5.1 Overview of Electromechanical and Flow Parameters 26 5.2 Injector Electrical Parameter Measurements . 26 5.2.1 Coil Resistance (R) 26 5.2.2 Solenoid Inductance (L) . 27 5.2.3 Insulation Resistance (IR) 27 5.2.4 Static
14、Minimum Operating Voltage (SMOV) 28 5.2.5 Dynamic Minimum Operating Voltage (DMOV) . 29 5.2.6 Maximum Overload Voltage (MOV) Tolerance 29 5.2.7 Voltage Sensitivity 30 5.2.8 Static Pull-In Current (I/S-ON) . 31 5.2.9 Static Drop-Out Current (I/S-OFF) . 32 5.2.10 Control Module Power Dissipation . 33
15、5.3 Injector Opening Time (OT) and Closing Time (CT) 33 5.3.1 Overview of Injector Opening Time and Closing Time 33 5.3.2 Test Equipment for Opening-Time and Closing-Time Tests 34 5.3.3 Procedure for Opening-Time and Closing-Time Tests 35 5.3.4 Data Reduction and Analysis for Opening-Time and Closin
16、g-Time Tests 36 5.3.5 Data Reporting for Opening-Time and Closing-Time Tests . 36 5.3.6 Alternative Test Methods for Opening Time and Closing Time . 36 5.4 Opening-Time Instability (OTI) and Closing-Time Instability (CTI) 37 5.4.1 Overview of Opening-Time Instability and Closing-Time Instability . 3
17、7 5.4.2 Procedures for the Opening-Time Instability and Closing-Time Instability Tests 37 5.4.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Opening and Closing-Time Instability Tests . 37 5.4.4 Data Reporting for the Opening-Time Instability and Closing-Time Instability Tests 38 5.5 Injector Tip Leakage Mea
18、surement . 41 5.5.1 Overview of Injector Tip Leakage and Measurement Methods . 41 5.5.2 Hydraulic Tip Leakage Measurement Method Using a Calibrated Bellows . 41 5.5.3 Tip Leakage Measurement using the Flame Ionization Detector (FID) Method 43 5.6 Static and Dynamic Flow Tests 48 5.6.1 Overview of St
19、atic and Dynamic Flow Tests 48 5.6.2 Overview of the Test Fluid specified for Flow Testing . 48 5.6.3 Static Flow and Dynamic Set Point Flow Measurement 48 5.7 Operating Flow Range Tests . 50 5.7.1 Overview of PFI Injector Operating Flow Ranges 50 5.7.2 Test Procedure for Measuring the Linear Flow R
20、ange 51 5.7.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Linear Flow Range 51 5.7.4 Data Reporting for the Linear Flow Range 55 5.7.5 Overview of the Working Flow Range and the Minimum Working Flow 56 5.7.6 Test Procedure for Measuring the Working Flow Range . 56 5.7.7 Data Reduction and Analysis for the W
21、orking Flow Range . 57 5.7.8 Data Reporting for the Working Flow Range . 59 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1832 OCT2016 Page 3 of 135 6. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS 62 6.1 Overview of Environmental Testing . 62 6.2 Internal Fuel Blend Compatibility Tests . 62 6.2.1 Fuel Blends for Internal Fuel Compatibility Tests 62 6
22、.2.2 Procedure for Internal Fuel Blend Compatibility Tests 63 6.2.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for Internal Fuel Compatibility Tests . 63 6.2.4 Data Reporting for Internal Fuel Compatibility Tests . 63 6.3 External Fluid Compatibility Tests 63 6.3.1 Test Fluids for External Fluid Compatibility Test
23、ing . 64 6.3.2 Procedure for External Fluid Compatibility Tests . 65 6.3.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for External Fluid Compatibility Tests . 65 6.3.4 Data Reporting for External Fluid Compatibility Tests . 65 6.4 Water Jet Spray Test . 66 6.4.1 Procedure for Water Jet Spray Test 66 6.4.2 Data Red
24、uction and Analysis for the Water Jet Spray Test . 66 6.4.3 Data Reporting for the Water Jet Spray Test . 66 6.5 Steam Jet Spray Test . 66 6.5.1 Procedure for the Steam Jet Spray Test 66 6.5.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Steam Jet Spray Test 67 6.5.3 Data Reporting for the Steam Jet Spray Te
25、st 67 6.6 Salt-Spray External Cyclic Corrosion . 70 6.6.1 Design and Setup of Test Equipment for the Salt-Spray External Cyclic Corrosion Test . 70 6.6.2 Procedure for the Salt-Spray External Cyclic Corrosion Test 70 6.6.3 Data Analysis and Reporting for the Salt-Spray External Cyclic Corrosion Test
26、. 72 6.7 Temperature Cycle Test. 75 6.7.1 Procedure for the Temperature Cycle Test 75 6.7.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for Temperature Cycle Test 76 6.7.3 Data Reporting for Temperature Cycle Test 76 6.8 Hot Static Soak Test 76 6.8.1 Procedure for the Hot Static Soak Test . 76 6.8.2 Data Reduction
27、and Analysis for Hot Static Soak Test 77 6.8.3 Data Reporting for Hot Static Soak Test 77 6.9 Cold Static Soak Test . 77 6.9.1 Procedure for the Cold Static Soak Test 77 6.9.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for Cold Static Soak Test 77 6.9.3 Data Reporting for Cold Static Soak Test 77 6.10 Cyclic Therm
28、al Shock Test 77 6.10.1 Procedure for the Cyclic Thermal Shock Test . 78 6.10.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for Cyclic Thermal Shock Test 78 6.10.3 Data Reporting for Cyclic Thermal Shock Test 78 6.11 Dynamic Flow Shift Test 81 6.11.1 Procedure for the Dynamic Flow Shift Test . 82 6.11.2 Data Reduct
29、ion and Analysis for the Dynamic Flow Shift Test . 83 6.11.3 Data Reporting for the Dynamic Flow Shift Test 83 7. PHYSICAL TESTS . 86 7.1 Overview of All Physical Tests . 86 7.2 Test Fixtures for Force and Moment Physical Tests . 86 7.3 Common Test Steps for Force and Moment Physical Tests . 86 7.3.
30、1 Procedure for the Axial Load Test . 87 7.3.2 Procedure for the Torsional Moment Test . 88 7.3.3 Procedure for the Bending Moment Test . 88 7.3.4 Data Reduction and Analysis for Force and Moment Physical Tests 89 7.3.5 Data Reporting for all Force-and-Moment Physical Tests . 89 7.4 Overview of Oper
31、ational Physical Tests 90 7.4.1 Vibration Test Overview . 90 7.4.2 Procedure for the Vibration Test 90 7.4.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Vibration Test 91 7.4.4 Data Reporting for the Vibration Test 91 7.5 Procedure for the Mechanical Shock Test . 91 SAE INTERNATIONAL J1832 OCT2016 Page 4 of
32、 135 7.5.1 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Mechanical Shock Test . 92 7.5.2 Data Reporting for the Mechanical Shock Test . 92 7.6 Overview of Proof-Pressure Testing 92 7.6.1 Procedure for the Proof-Pressure Test 92 7.6.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Proof Pressure Test 93 7.6.3 Data Repor
33、ting for the Proof Pressure Test. 93 7.7 Overview of Burst Pressure Testing 93 7.7.1 Procedure for the Burst Pressure Test 93 7.7.2 Data Reduction and Analysis for the Burst-Pressure Test 94 7.7.3 Data Reporting for the Burst-Pressure Test. 94 8. INJECTOR NOISE MEASUREMENT 97 8.1 Overview of PFI Inj
34、ector Noise 97 8.2 Test Equipment Requirements for PFI Noise Measurement . 97 8.3 PFI Noise Test Parameters and Test Conditions 99 8.4 Test Procedure for Injector Noise Measurement . 99 8.5 Sound Pressure Level Calculations for Background and Injector Noise Measurements 99 8.6 Sound Power Level Calc
35、ulations for the Injector Noise from the Sound Pressure Levels. . 100 8.7 Data Reporting for Noise Measurements and Calculations . 101 8.8 Equations for Background Noise Correction 102 9. INJECTOR DRIP MEASUREMENT 109 9.1 Overview of Port Fuel Injector Drip 109 9.2 Procedure for the Port Fuel Inject
36、or Drip Test . 110 9.3 Data Reduction and Analysis for the PFI Fuel Drip Test . 112 9.4 Data Reporting for the PFI Fuel Drip Test . 112 10. Bench Durability Testing 114 10.1 Overview of Bench Durability . 114 10.2 Standard Test Fuels . 114 10.3 Optional Accelerated Testing for Bench Durability 114 1
37、0.4 Test Fuels for Bench Durability Testing . 114 10.5 Procedure for the Bench Durability Test 115 10.6 Audit Schedule for Bench Durability 115 10.7 Data Reduction however, these spray characterization tests are not addressed in this document, but are covered in a companion publication: SAE J2715. T
38、ests and references to low-pressure gasoline injectors that are no longer commonly used in modern production are not included in the main body of this document. Superseded systems such as throttle body injection (TBI), central port injection (CPI), Pressure-Drop-Ratio (PDR), bottom-feed injectors an
39、d eight-ring patternation are examples of this older technology. Those fuel system components and diagnostic tests were extensively utilized in prior decades, but find little application in the industry today. The historical detailed measurement procedures that applied to the tests on these types of
40、 injectors have been removed from the main sections of the updated J1832; however, the associated overall descriptions of these hardware items that were in previous versions of J1832 have been retained in the Appendix for archival purposes. SAE INTERNATIONAL J1832 OCT2016 Page 6 of 135 1.1 Purpose T
41、he purpose of this Recommended Practice document is to provide the original equipment manufacturers and the end users within the automotive industry with a neutral, unbiased test for each defined PFI injector performance parameter. The use of such uniform and well-defined procedures for test configu
42、ration, measurement, data reduction and reporting that are contained in this document should significantly enhance the ability of one test laboratory to accurately repeat and verify the results of another. This should, in turn, reduce the overall time and overhead required to develop a proven fuel s
43、ystem for a gasoline PFI engine, as injector manufacturers and engine developers could ultimately conduct one set of injector tests per J1832 as opposed to a separate set of test procedures for each customer and application. The specific, stated purposes of the J1832 document are: x To standardize t
44、he use of nomenclature specifically related to the testing of low-pressure gasoline port fuel injectors x To define the parameters and key metrics that are associated with the measurement of the performance characteristics of low-pressure gasoline port fuel injectors x To establish test procedures a
45、nd recommend test equipment to measure the key metrics in order to characterize the performance and assure field reliability over the life of the component x To establish the recommended data reduction procedures for the measurement and characterization of port fuel injector performance x To establi
46、sh the criteria for reporting the specific data that must be documented in order to allow others to interpret and reproduce the test results 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated,
47、 the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J313 Diesel Fuels SAE J814 Engine Coolants SAE J
48、2713 Direct Injection Gasoline Fuel Injector Characterization SAE J2715 Gasoline Fuel Injector Spray Measurement and Characterization SAE INTERNATIONAL J1832 OCT2016 Page 7 of 135 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org ASTM B 117 ver. 11 - Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM D 56 ver. 05 - Standard Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed C
