1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2010 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1839_201010SURFACEVEHICLESTANDARDJ1839 OCT2010 Issued 1987-02 Revised 2010-10Superseding J1839
5、 AUG1997 Coarse Droplet Water/Fuel Separation Test Procedure RATIONALE SAE J1839 was revised to meet the five-year review requirements and to include improvements to the test method as defined by the SAE Filter Test Method Committee (FTMC). FOREWORD Water in fuels is one of the major causes of diese
6、l engine maintenance problems. The effects of water in fuel are characterized by corrosion of fuel system parts, plugging of filters and orifices and, in some cases, failure of fuel injectionequipment. Water in fuel often dissolves sulfur compounds, becomes acidic, and enhances corrosion in fuel inj
7、ection systems as well as in the engine itself. The presence of water also encourages microbiological growth, which generates orifice and filter restricting sludge. Further, due to displacement of fuel lubrication in close tolerance injector parts, and rapid expansion of heated water at the fuel inj
8、ector tip, galling, and more serious failure may also occur. During transportation, transfer, and storage of fuel, water may become entrained in a variety of ways. The mode and timing of water entry in the handling sequence before use, as well as the chemistry of the fuel itself (additives and surfa
9、ctants), will determine what form the contaminant takes. In systems where the water and fuel pass through high shear pumps, fuel water interfacial tension is relatively low and settling time is minimized, fine emulsions may predominate. In systems where water enters before or after low shear pumps,
10、or where there is a prolonged settling time in high interfacial tension fuel, larger water droplets may predominate. In some systems, both fine emulsions and large droplets may be present simultaneously. Generally, fine emulsions are more likely to predominate on the pressure side of high shear pump
11、s, whereas larger water droplets are more likely to predominate on the suction side of pumps. (A water removal test procedure designed for applications where finely dispersed droplets predominate is also recommended. This procedure is given in SAE J1488.) The following test procedure is relevant to
12、coarsely dispersed water separation devices whether applied on the suction or discharge side of engine fuel transfer pumps. (This procedure recommends pressure side location of the test unit for ease and convenience of testing only. Modification of the procedure to place the test unit on the suction
13、 side of the pump should not alter test results as long as the water droplet size distribution remains unaltered.) The procedure is well suited to lower flow rates, although it may be applied with due caution to flow rates up to 100 Lpm. It has been designed to approximate field conditions in a prac
14、tical manner. A water dispersing technique simulating the water droplet sizes experienced drawing fuel/water mixtures through fuel lines and fittings (180 to 260 mm mean droplet size), is used to reproduce field conditions where coarse droplets predominate. The test fuel may be an actual fuel sample
15、 (with additives) that is to be used in the field, or it may be No. 2 fuel oil that has been clay treated (conditioned) so as to enable equal andreproducible laboratory comparisons of various test devices. Additionally a fluid simulating a representative biodiesel is recommended as biodiesel has bee
16、n established as being particularly problematical for controlled water separation and water separation testing. Test fuel conditioning is recommended for laboratory comparisons only, as this treatment may yield water removal efficiency results, which are significantly different from those obtained u
17、sing water separating devices in untreated or biodiesel fuel. Furthermore, testing unused “clean“ water separators may provide water removal efficiencies that are far superior to those obtained from the same water separators after very short exposure to natural fuel and natural fuel contaminants. SA
18、E J1839 Revised OCT2010 Page 2 of 151. SCOPE To determine the undissolved water removal performance of a fuel/water separator under controlled laboratory conditions, using water droplets. This test method is applicable for diesel and biodiesel fuel. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The followi
19、ng publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and
20、 Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J1488 Emulsified Water/Fuel Separation Test Procedure 2.1.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.ASTM D 971 Test Method for
21、Interfacial Tension of Oil Against Water by the Ring Method ASTM D 7261-08 Standard Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Diesel Fuels by Portable Separometer ASTM D 4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedu
22、re) ASTM D 6304-00 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration 2.1.3 ISO Publication Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi
23、.org.ISO R 760 Determination of waterKarl Fischer method (general method) 3. TEST APPARATUS A test system, as illustrated in Figure 1, is to include: 3.1 Operating sump with a flat bottom. Material to be compatible with diesel fuel (polyethylene, etc.). Sump size to be adequate to hold test fluid vo
24、lume under test conditions. Outlet to be 2.5 cm from bottom of tank or higher. 3.2 A pump, capable of providing test flow rate, under test conditions. 3.3 A water dispersing device, as described in Appendix A. 3.4 Thermometer or temperature readout accurate to 2 C under test conditions. 3.5 The fuel
25、/water separator under test. SAE J1839 Revised OCT2010 Page 3 of 153.6 Differential pressure gauge or manometer with 1.0 mm Hg or 0.1 kPa subdivisions, or as required. 3.7 In-line static mixer with at least three internal mixing units, or similar, to provide a representative sample at the sample por
26、t. 3.8 Sample port. Provision must be made to allow adequate flushing, immediately prior to sampling. 3.9 Test fuel flow meter, flow range appropriate for the unit under test, accuracy 5%, repeatability 2%. 3.10 A final fuel/water separator assembly, such that not more than 30 ppm undissolved water
27、is recycled on an average basis under test conditions. 3.11 Suitable heat exchange and controls for maintaining constant test temperatures as specified. 3.12 Suitable valve or other control for adjusting and controlling test flow. 3.13 Diffuser, to promote uniform mixing in test reservoir. 3.14 Wate
28、r flow meter with range to suit application capable of measuring flows of 0.25% of fuel flow rate, 5% accuracy. FIGURE 1 - TEST SYSTEM SAE J1839 Revised OCT2010 Page 4 of 153.15 Suitable valve for adjusting and controlling water injection flow. 3.16 A supply of clean deionized or distilled water wit
29、h a surface tension greater than 70 mN/m 2 mN/m at 20 C 1.5 C. Adequate pressure must be available to inject water on the high pressure side of the pump. Use of a deionizing filter will permit use of local water supply and pressure. 3.17 Automatic Karl Fischer Titration Apparatus for water content a
30、nalysis. 3.18 All interconnecting piping should be selected, sized, and oriented to prevent the separation of water and solid contaminants from the fuel or provide traps for these contaminants (13 mm PVC is recommended for 0 to 23L/m flow rates). 4. TEST MATERIALS 4.1 Test Fluid Since fuel oil conta
31、ins various constituents, the test oil type should be categorized and recorded as one of the following: a. A sample of the fluid used in the application. As defined by user, to include biodiesel fuels b. Specially treated fluid, per Appendix B In all these cases, it should be understood that the res
32、ults are relevant to this fuel and that some amount of variance in performance can be expected with different fuels, depending on the particular design of the test fuel/water separator and the chemical nature of the particular lot of fuel. The IFT of the test fluid must be between 15 and 19 mN/m. NO
33、TE: Microseparometer (ASTM D 7261-08) readings lower than 75 may indicate a fuels poor water separation ability. 4.2 Distilled or deionized water with a surface tension of 70 mN/m 2 mN/m at 20 C 1.5 C. 5. TEST CONDITIONS 5.1 Volume of Fuel in the Test System Five times the flow rate, per minute, wit
34、h a minimum of 38 L (including filters, piping, etc.) 5.2 Temperature 26.6 C 2.5 C measured at the test separator inlet, or at a temperature agreed upon by the supplier and user. 5.3 Pressure Pressure or vacuum operating parameters are set as required by the manufacturer, user, or application, other
35、wise they are controlled by the fuel flow rate.5.4 Flow Rate of Fuel Rated flow of unit to be tested or as specified. 5.5 Water Flow Rate 0.25% of fuel flow rate. SAE J1839 Revised OCT2010 Page 5 of 15(min)1min)/()(turnoverLFlowRateLmeSystemVolu=6. TEST PROCEDURES 6.1 Clay-treated fuel (Appendix B)
36、and non clay-treated fuel may be used more than once for consecutive tests with or without re-treating, as long as the fuel meets the requirements of 4.1. 6.2 Determine the water saturation level for each batch of test fluid: a. According to Appendix C b. By using tables or charts where available; s
37、ee Appendix D 6.3 Prior to filling the fuel tank, determine whether the test fluid has a reasonable contamination level and water concentration (indicated by a “pass” or “clear and bright” result in procedure 1 of ASTM D 4176, visual inspection procedure).6.4 Install test fuel/water separator or fil
38、ter on the discharge side of the pump (see Figure 1) before circulating the appropriate test fluid. Adjust the fuel flow rate by throttling the discharge side valve. System should circulate for at least 2 turnovers to adequately coat test filter media. Take initial (fuel only) pressure drop reading
39、at the rated flow. To determine 1 turnover: (Eq. 1) 6.5 Open the water valve and adjust water flow rate to 0.25% of fuel flow. Start the clock at the same time water begins to flow. Establish proper flow rate within 1 min. 6.6 Without interrupting test flows periodically drain the water from the wat
40、er collection sump of the unit under test and wastewater sumps into a volumetric container. It may be necessary to bring the system under positive pressure to drain under suction applications. The amounts of water collected from the test can be used to obtain a water balance verification efficiency
41、(see Appendix E). Manually draining may not be necessary if an automatic water-sensing switch/drain is available. Do not let water build up beyond the maximum recommended level of the water sump. DO NOT TAKE ANY SAMPLES WHEN ASSEMBLY IS BEING DRAINED. 6.7 Record test time for each drain. 6.8 At appr
42、oximately 10 min, carefully withdraw a sample, being sure to flush the sample port thoroughly. Record the time of the sample. Be sure that the sample syringe or container is thoroughly dry. Analyze the sample immediately using the appropriate method (see ISO R 760 or ASTM D 6304). Record each readin
43、g. Additional sampling is permitted. Repeat this sampling procedure every 20 min thereafter until termination of the test. NOTE: For low-efficiency filters, it may be necessary to obtain larger effluent samples and disperse coarse water droplets by using an ultra-sonicating bath. 6.9 Record the diff
44、erential pressure across the test fuel/water separator at each effluent sample interval. 6.10 Terminate the test if one or more of the following conditions is met: a. Water concentration in effluent fuel is above an acceptable level, to be specified by manufacturer or user, or b. An equilibrium pres
45、sure drop has been reached and a minimum of 30 min or more of test time has elapsed and an equilibrium pressure drop is attained Equilibrium pressure drop has been reached when an increase of no more than 2.5 mm Hg occurs during a 20 min interval c. Differential pressure exceeds an upper limit speci
46、fied by the manufacturer or user for the element or application. SAE J1839 Revised OCT2010 Page 6 of 156.11 Upon completion of test, determine the IFT and DSEP values and record. 6.12 Take a final effluent sample for analysis at test termination7. PRESENTATION OF DATA7.1 Plot concentration of undiss
47、olved water in effluent versus time (minutes) on linear graph paper. Undissolved water = total water minus dissolved water (see 6.2). Indicate drain times on graph. NOTE: Many Karl Fischer titration devices will determine the water concentration in terms of micrograms, or ppm by weight. To convert m
48、icrograms or ppmw to parts per million (ppm) by volume, use the following equation: 6EPN=PEKJ4A=EJC kEJLLI : RKHQIABN=?PEKJ ; o L6EPN=PEKJ4A=EJC : EJLLI:I=OOBN=?PEKJ; ; (QAH9=PAN(Eq. 2) 7.2 Plot of pressure drop (mm Hg or kPa) versus time (minutes) is optional. If plot is not presented, total pressu
49、re drop should be reported. 7.3 Record the following: 7.3.1 IFT and DSEP 7.3.2 Fuel flow rate 7.3.3 Actual test temperature. 7.3.4 Total test time. 7.3.5 Equilibrium pressure drop. 7.3.6 Dissolved water saturation level, method used to determine level. 7.4 Calculate and report the average free water content of ef
