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5、ding J1928 JUL2005 Devices Providing Backfire Flame Control for Gasoline Engines in Marine Applications RATIONALE“Variations in backfire testing results for similar systems with different throttle bodies or carburetors have lead the committee to recommend the following changes to Section 5.1.3 and S
6、ection 5.2.1.“ Modify the text of section 5.2.1 to require each combination of engine displacement, intake design, throttle body and arrestor to be independently evaluated. And change 5.1.3 to read “design or construction or application (i.e. Throttle Body)” 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard covers the min
7、imum requirements for design, construction, and testing of devices to prevent the propagation of backfire flame from within the gasoline engine to the surrounding atmosphere. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to recommend a procedure for testing and establishing acceptable flame arresting
8、characteristics of the devices. 1.2 Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO Standard This document is similar to ISO 13592 but has some technical differences. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherw
9、ise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 ASTM Publication Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.orgASTM B 117 Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus SAE
10、J1928 Revised JAN2012 Page 2 of 9 2.1.2 Underwriters Laboratories Publication Available from Underwriters Laboratories Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096, Tel: 847-272-8800, UL 94 Tests for Flammability of Plastic Materials for Parts in Devices and Appliances 2.2 Related Publication
11、 The following publication is provided for information purposes only and is not a required part of this SAE Technical Report.2.2.1 ISO Publication Available from International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +44-22-749-01-11
12、, www.iso.org or from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rdStreet, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-649-4900, www.ansi.org.ISO 13592 Small craft - Backfire flame control for petrol engines. 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 FLAME ARRESTER An assembly, consisting of one or more component parts, desig
13、ned and constructed as to prevent the propagation of backfire flame from within the carburetor or throttle body and engine air intake system to the surrounding atmosphere. 3.2 ENGINE AIR AND FUEL INDUCTION SYSTEM Either a particular method of introducing fuel into the engine or a design of air intak
14、e passages to the cylinders that provides protection equivalent to that of an effective backfire flame arrester. 3.3 NON-METALLIC MATERIALS Rubber, plastics, and adhesives used in the construction of flame arresters and/or induction systems. 4. GENERAL 4.1 Flame Arrester 4.1.1 The flame arrester ass
15、embly shall include a permanent and prominent means of identification as described in Section 7. 4.1.2 A carburetor or throttle body adaptor, if required, shall be attached permanently to the flame arrester. Examples of permanent attachment would be: bond, weld, rivet, or threaded fastener with thre
16、ad upset after assembly. No loose pieces shall be used between the flame arrester and the carburetor or throttle body that could be left out. 4.1.2.1 The adaptor assembly shall provide for direct attachment to the carburetor or throttle body. 4.1.3 The construction of the flame arrester shall provid
17、e access for inspection and cleaning. 4.1.4 There shall be no openings in the arrester or its connection to the carburetor or throttle body through which a backfire flame can pass. SAE J1928 Revised JAN2012 Page 3 of 9 4.1.5 The construction for the flame arrester shall provide means of securely fas
18、tening both the flame arrester to the carburetor or throttle body air intake and the component parts to each other. When clamps are used, they shall be affixed to one of the major component parts in such a manner that they cannot be easily removed. No springs shall be used for the purpose of clampin
19、g. 4.1.6 Construction of the flame arrester shall be such that component parts cannot be misaligned during assembly or installation to an extent that will impair its effectiveness. 4.1.7 If non-metallic materials are utilized for components critical to the flame arrester or the induction systems fun
20、ction, it is recommended that they have a Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) of 26% or greater and/or have a UL 94 HB rating. 4.1.7.1 Flame arresters or induction systems containing non-metallic materials must undergo the accelerated aging procedure in 5.4.2. 4.2 Engine Air and Fuel Induction System 4.2.1
21、The engine air and fuel induction system shall be designed and constructed to provide protection equivalent to that of an effective backfire flame arrester designed and constructed in accordance with this document. 5. METHOD OF TEST 5.1 Each design of the flame arrester shall be tested to determine
22、conformance to this document. 5.1.1 Where a particular design consists of various combinations of parts, only a sufficient number of sample assemblies need to be tested that will be representative of the flame arresting performance of the cross section of assemblies of the design. 5.1.2 The test of
23、the samples representative of each design shall conclusively indicate that, when such backfire flame arresters are subjected to the test procedures of 5.4, the design prevents propagation of the backfire flame to the surrounding atmosphere without failure, damage, or permanent deformation. 5.1.3 A c
24、hange in the design or construction or application (i.e. change from carburetor to throttle body) of an arrester that has passed qualification tests requires that the arrester be retested if the change cannot be considered and accepted under 5.1.1. 5.2 Each design of an engine incorporating a backfi
25、re flame control air and fuel induction system shall be tested and shall conform to this document. 5.2.1 Where a particular design of the engine air and fuel induction system consists of variations so that it may be utilized in similar engines of a particular manufacturer, each unique system configu
26、ration must be evaluated.5.2.2 The tests conducted according to the procedures of 5.4 shall conclusively indicate that the engine air and fuel induction system, when installed on a representative engine, will prevent the propagation of backfire flame to the surrounding atmosphere. 5.2.3 The tests pe
27、rformed in accordance with this document, and adapted as necessary to an air and fuel induction system, will satisfy the testing requirement of this section. 5.2.4 A change in the design or construction of an engine air and fuel induction system that has passed qualification tests requires that the
28、system be retested if the change cannot be considered and accepted under 5.2.1. SAE J1928 Revised JAN2012 Page 4 of 9 5.3 Certification test reports shall be retained by the manufacturer so long as the device covered by the report is marketed, and shall include the following: 5.3.1 Detailed drawings
29、 (provided by the manufacturer) of the device, including a complete bill of materials. 5.3.2 Types of tests conducted and results obtained. 5.3.3 A record of all markings found on the devices tested. 5.3.4 A record of assemblies actually tested and all assemblies to which the results apply, see 5.1.
30、1 and 5.2.1. 5.3.5 A report number, date of test, name, and address of test laboratory. 5.4 Test Procedure The devices or systems shall withstand the effects of each of the following tests without failure. 5.4.1 Bench Examination The backfire flame arrester assembly, together with a stock carburetor
31、, throttle body, or the engine air and fuel induction system, shall be examined for compliance with the requirements of this document. The following specific points of design and construction shall be examined as part of the bench examination. 5.4.1.1 Workmanship Visually inspect all submitted sampl
32、es for evidence of imperfections and consistency with production drawings. 5.4.1.2 Inspection and Cleaning Visually inspect the assembly to confirm that the flame arrester or induction system can be inspected and cleaned in service. 5.4.1.3 Other Openings Visually inspect the assembly as installed f
33、or the existence of any of the following openings. 5.4.1.3.1 Engine oil breather connections shall be subject to the backfire tests in 5.4.5 as installed on the engine. 5.4.1.3.2 All clamps and joints shall be examined specifically for any possible bypass openings. 5.4.1.3.3 Fuel pump vent/sight hos
34、e, connected to a flame arrester vent tube passing through the elements, can be capped if the hose opening is dead ended at the fuel pump. 5.4.1.4 Assembly Visually inspect the provisions made for securing the assembly or system and the method of fastening the components to each other. Determine tha
35、t the clamps are permanently fastened to a major assembly component. 5.4.1.5 Component Misalignment Determine that the component parts can be assembled properly by following instructions provided with the device. SAE J1928 Revised JAN2012 Page 5 of 9 5.4.2 Accelerated Aging TestFlame Arrestors or In
36、duction Systems Containing Non-Metallic Materials Only 5.4.2.1 The test flame arrester or induction system containing non-metallic components or using adhesives to secure critical components are to be mounted on a carburetor, throttle body, induction system or a representative fixture in the positio
37、n of intended use and placed in a dry oven for 300 hrs at 100 C +/- 2 (212 F +/-4). 5.4.2.2 Non-metallic components which have lost more than 3% of their weight will be considered to have failed. If not the test specimen will proceed to 5.4.3 (Vibration Test). 5.4.3 Vibration Test 5.4.3.1 A stock mo
38、del or prototype backfire flame arrester or system assembly shall be used for this test and shall be mounted on a stock carburetor, throttle body or induction system or simulated carburetor, throttle body or induction system for the type of assembly intended to be used in service. 5.4.3.2 The carbur
39、etor, throttle body or induction system shall be secured by the means of a rigid adaptor directly to the surface of the vibration table in its normal operating position. The backfire flame arrester or system assembly shall then be secured to the carburetor, throttle body or induction system to simul
40、ate a normal installation on a marine engine. 5.4.3.3 The carburetor or throttle body with backfire flame arrester or induction system shall be subject to 24 h of vibration with 8 h in each of the x, y, and z planes at a peak-to-peak amplitude of 1.02 mm 0.05 mm (0.04 in 0.002 in). The test setup sh
41、all be automatically cycled at a constant rate from 10 to 60 Hz every 4 min. 5.4.3.4 The backfire flame arrester assembly or induction system shall not fail in a way that would prevent it from functioning as intended. 5.4.4 Shock Test 5.4.4.1 The setup used for the vibration test shall be used for t
42、his test including the test fixture, carburetor or throttle body with backfire flame arrester assembly or induction system. 5.4.4.2 The test setup shall be secured to the surface of a shock machine and subjected to 5000 vertical impacts of 10 G rms having a shock duration of 20 ms 2 ms measured at t
43、he 0 reference line of a half-sine shock pulse. 5.4.4.3 The backfire flame arrester assembly or induction system shall not fail in a way that would prevent it from functioning as intended. 5.4.5 Explosion Containment 5.4.5.1 The backfire flame arrester assembly and carburetor or throttle body, or th
44、e engine air and fuel induction system used for the vibration and shock tests shall be used for this test. 5.4.5.2 The test setup for conducting the explosion containment tests shall be in accordance with the following conditions:5.4.5.2.1 The backfire flame arrester assembly and carburetor or throt
45、tle body, or induction system shall be attached to the test stand in Figure 1 in a manner simulating a normal installation. An engine may be used in place of the test stand for testing induction systems (see 5.4.5.2.3.) Prior to the tests, the carburetor, throttle body or induction system shall be c
46、arefully checked for any openings that could permit flame passage and all throttle and choke butterflies shall be locked in the full open position. Fuel line, vacuum advance, and other carburetor, throttle body or induction system openings shall be plugged. 5.4.5.2.2 Where provisions are made on the
47、 backfire flame arrester or induction system for the connection of oil breather tubing or for any other purpose, such lines shall be left disconnected during the tests. SAE J1928 Revised JAN2012 Page 6 of 9 5.4.5.2.3 Using whatever adaptor that may be required, the carburetor or throttle body with t
48、he attached backfire flame arrester assembly or the induction system shall be secured directly to the upper end of a chamber, to be referred to as the lower chamber with an internal bore of 51 mm (2 in) and a length of 61 cm (24 in). The lower chamber shall be closed at the lower end. See Figure 1.
49、The method of attachment shall be that all joints are gas-tight and the carburetor, throttle body or induction system is directly and fully open to the lower chamber with no restriction to gas flow. For evaluation of induction systems an engine can be used in place of the lower chamber, with alterations to introduce the combustible mixture and ignition source. 5.4.5.2.4 In accordance with Figure 1, a provision shall be made
