1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1999 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001INFORMATIONREPORTJ2232REAF.JUN1999Issued 1992-06Reaffirmed 1999-06Supers
4、eding J2232 JUN92Vehicle System VoltageInitial RecommendationsForewordIt is the opinion of the committee that a set of guidelines and standards related to higher voltage levelswill ensure the safety, shorten the introduction time, and lower the cost of such systems. A primary area ofconcern has been
5、 the potential for an increase in electrical shock hazard. Of secondary importance has been theneed for some standardization of higher voltage levels. The committee feels that settling these broad issues nowwill allow development efforts to be more focused, thus shortening the total development time
6、 for higher voltagesystems. The committees review of the available technical literature and the industry expertise of our membersleads to the recommendations discussed as follows.1. ScopeThis SAE Information Report is a summary of the initial recommendations of the SAE committee onDual/Higher Voltag
7、e Vehicle Electrical Systems regarding the application of higher voltages in vehiclesystems. This document does not attempt to address the technical merits of specific voltages or electricalsystem architectures.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the spe
8、cification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.R. J. Sandel and J. V. Hellmann, “Activities of the SAE Committee on Dual/Higher Voltag
9、e VehicleElectrical Systems,” presented at the 1991 SAE Future Transportation Technology Conference,Portland, Oregon.2.1.2 IEC PUBLICATIONSAvailable from International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Verambe, P.O. Box131, 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland.“Effects of Current Passing Through the Hum
10、an Body, Part 1: General Aspects,” InternationalElectrotechnical Commission Report IEC-479 Part 1, Second edition, 1984“Effects of Current Passing Through the Human Body, Part 2: Special Aspects,” InternationalElectrotechnical Commission Report IEC-479 Part 2, Second edition, 1987COPYRIGHT Society o
11、f Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2232 Reaffirmed JUN1999-2-3. Technical Requirements3.1 Protection From ContactProtection against direct contact to electrical circuits shall not be necessary if thepossible contact voltages do not exceed the permissible levels
12、 of 65 VDC, including periodic ripple, or 50 VAC,RMS. The application of voltages above these levels shall not be discouraged, but additional protectionagainst direct contact shall be necessary.A study of previous work in relation to human tolerance to electrical shock was conducted and the variousi
13、nformation sources were examined and thoroughly discussed by the members of the committee. Based onthis study, an understanding of present vehicle wiring practices, and the safety record of todays 12 and 24 Vsystems, the 65 VDC and 50 VAC levels are seen as appropriate from a practical standpoint. P
14、articularlyuseful in the formation of this recommendation has been the International Electrotechnical Commissions (IEC)Publication 479, parts 1 and 2.It is recognized that with a system of present architecture utilizing a higher system voltage, say 50 VDC,transient levels will exceed 65 V. The commi
15、ttee has deferred consideration of the shock hazard of non-periodic transient (less than 300 ms) voltages to a future time. Also, the committee has not addressed theprotection against contact necessary for voltages above the recommended limits. However, other industriesdemonstrate daily that such co
16、ntact can be appropriately prevented.3.2 Standard Storage VoltagesStandard storage battery voltages shall be defined as those normallyassociated with 3, 6, 12, and 24 cell lead-acid storage batteries (6, 12, 24, and 50 VDC nominal, respectively).The application of battery systems other than lead-aci
17、d shall not be discouraged. Additionally, the number ofdistinct generation, supply, or storage voltages that may be present in a vehicle shall not be limited.The lead-acid battery system is currently the only system used commercially in starting, lighting, and ignition(SLI) applications on internal
18、combustion engine automobiles. The committee feels that lead-acid will continueto be the SLI system of choice for a significant period of time. Standard voltages higher than 50 V may bedefined in the future but will require a yet undefined degree of contact protection as their charge voltage willlik
19、ely exceed 65 V.As vehicle electrical requirements continue to evolve, battery systems other than lead-acid may become aviable alternative and should be able to meet the same nominal storage voltages as lead-acid. We feel thatthis option should not be limited. Similarly, limiting the voltage levels
20、in magnitude or count will only restrictsystem options that may otherwise be appropriate solutions.4. Notes4.1 Key WordsHuman Shock Tolerance, Personnel Protection, Shock Tolerance, Standard Voltage, SystemVoltage, Admissible Contact Voltage, High Voltage, Electrical SystemPREPARED BY THE SAE VEHICL
21、E ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEECOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J2232 Reaffirmed JUN1999RationaleThis document was originally developed between 1989 and 1992 by the predecessor of thecurrent Electrical Power Systems Commi
22、ttee. The original intent was to address issues related to thesafe, efficient, and cost effective expansion of the contemporary automobiles electrical power system.The committee assumed that the demand for on-board electric power would continue to increase andthat it would be evident that significan
23、t advantages would be provided by higher voltage.The current members of the SAE Electrical Power Systems Committee reviewed this document at theFebruary, 1998 meeting and decided that no technical changes were necessary at this time. Thecommittee will continue to monitor activity on this subject wit
24、hin the industry to insure that, if arecommended practice emerges, this committee will revisit the content of this SAE Information Report.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationThis SAE Information Report is a summary of the initial recommendations of the SAECommittee
25、on Dual/Higher Voltage Vehicle Electrical Systems regarding the application of highervoltages in vehicle systems. This document does not attempt to address the technical merits of specificvoltages or electrical system architectures.Reference SectionR. J. Sandel and J. V. Hellmann, “Activities of the
26、 SAE Committee on Dual/High Voltage VehicleElectrical Systems,” presented at the 1991 SAE Future Transportation Technology Conference,Portland, Oregon.“Effects of Current Passing Through the Human Body, Part 1: General Aspects,” InternationalElectrotechnical Commission Report IEC-479 Part 1, Second
27、edition, 1984“Effects of Current Passing Through the Human Body, Part 2: Special Aspects,” InternationalElectrotechnical Commission Report IEC-479 Part 2, Second edition, 1987Developed by the SAE Vehicle Electric Power Supply Systems Standards CommitteeCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling Services
