1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2315_201512 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2315 DEC2015 Issued 1998-02 Re
5、vised 2015-12 Superseding J2315 FEB1998 Wheel Nut Seat Strength RATIONALE 1. Table 1 description is editorial, purpose to change from “deformance test” to “deformation test” for clarity. 2. Table 2 and 3 has the M14 x 2.0 size added and treated same as M14 x 1.5 and 9/16 - 18. The M14 X 2.0 is new t
6、o the wheel industry. 3. Test report for 3.3 Deformation test and 3.4.2 yield strength test is added for uniformity of reporting. 4. SAE J2530 is added to SAE Publications to inform aftermarket wheel manufacturers. 5. 3.3.2 b. a suspension of loading is noted at twice (2X) minimum load at elastic li
7、mit. The suspension defines when the test can be suspended. 6. Table 2 is renamed from Yield load to Minimum load at yield for clarification. 1. SCOPE The purpose of this test is to evaluate the axial strength of the nut seat of wheels intended for use on passenger cars, light trucks, and multipurpo
8、se vehicles. In addition, a minimum contact area is recommended to ensure enough strength for the rotational force in tightening a nut against the nut seat. While this test ensures the minimum strength of the nut seat, the wheel must also have a degree of flexibility. This flexibility, as well as bo
9、lt tension, are important to maintain wheel retention. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Document The following publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publication Available from
10、 SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J2316 Wheel Nut Seat System Test Procedures and Performance Requirements for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks SAE INTERNATIONAL J2315 DEC201
11、5 Page 2 of 6 2.2 Related Publications The following publication is provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside U
12、SA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J328 Wheels - Passenger Car and Light Truck Performance Requirements and Test Procedures SAE J1982 Nomenclature - Wheels for Passenger Cars, Light Trucks, and Multipurpose Vehicles SAE J2283 Mechanical and Material Requirements for One P
13、iece Wheel Nuts SAE J2530 Aftermarket Wheels - Passenger Cars and Light Truck - Performance Requirements and Test Procedures 3. TEST PROCEDURES 3.1 Wheels for Test Use only fully processed wheels including all coatings representative of production parts intended for the vehicle. 3.2 Test Equipment S
14、ee Figure 1. FIGURE 1 - TEST EQUIPMENT AND NOMENCLATURE The test equipment must be capable of supporting the complete wheel mounting area with a rigid flat surface. The equipment will provide a hardened (Rc 45 min) punch with a contact surface shape representative of the fastener specified for the w
15、heel. The punch applies a measured axial force (F) (non-rotational) perpendicular to the supporting surface. Only one nut seat of a wheel is loaded at a time. In addition to the loading mechanism, devices to measure punch travel (H) are required. 3.3 Deformation Test 3.3.1 Test Method a. Insert the
16、test wheel in the loading device and align the punch with the nut seat. b. Apply a load (Fo) to the nut seat and measure the nut seat height (Ho). c. Apply a load (F) and hold for 15 s. d. Reduce the load to (Fo) and measure the nut seat height (H1). SAE INTERNATIONAL J2315 DEC2015 Page 3 of 6 e. Re
17、peat steps C and D five times and measure the nut seat height (Hn) at Fo load each time. f. Repeat steps A through E on each nut seat of the wheel. The initial force (Fo) and final force (F) for some fastener sizes are shown in Table 1. For sizes not shown or for evaluation of new finishes, material
18、s, or systems, the fastener shall be tightened using the procedure defined in SAE J2316 and the maximum force value obtained for five sample initial tightenings to the minimum ultimate torque (Ref. Table 1 SAE J2316) should be used as F and 0.6 times F should be used for Fo. The values for the test
19、should be for the largest fastener used with the wheel. TABLE 1 - DEFORMATION TEST FORCE Fastener Size Fo(1)(kN) F(2)(kN) Fastener Torque Value (Nm) M10 x 1.25 9.8 16.4 60 M12 x 1.25 M12 x 1.5 1/220 18.7 31.1 110 M14 x 1.5 M14 x 2.0 9/1618 18.7 31.1 190 1. Fo is 0.6 times the maximum force at recomm
20、ended torque. 2. F is the maximum load obtained at the torque value. 3.3.2 Performance Requirements a. The nut seat height change (Ho-H1) after the first cycle shall not exceed 0.6 mm. b. The fifth nut seat height change (Ho-H5) shall not exceed 0.80 mm. 3.4 Yield Strength Test 3.4.1 Test Method a.
21、Insert a new test wheel on the loading device and align the punch with the nut seat. b. Apply the load to the individual nut seat until 2x (maximum tension) or visible collapse. c. Record the maximum load prior to collapse. d. Repeat test on all nut seat positions, using non-adjacent nut seats. Two
22、or more new wheels will be required to completely evaluate all nut seat positions. 3.4.2 Performance Requirements The maximum load prior to collapse shall exceed the values in Table 2 for the largest fastener used with the wheel. For sizes not shown, the system torque/tension test should be performe
23、d and the initial tension value for the torques listed in Table 3 should be used. TABLE 2 MINIMUM LOAD AT ELASTIC LIMIT Fastener Size Load (kN) M12 x 1.25 M12 x 1.5 1/220 35 M14 x 1.5 M14x 2.0 9/16-18 44 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2315 DEC2015 Page 4 of 6 TABLE 3 - TORQUE VALUES Fastener Size Maximum Torque
24、 (Nm) M10x1.25 60M12 x 1.25 M12 x 1.5 1/220 140 M14 x 1.5 M14 x 2.0 9/1618 190 3.5 Bearing Surface Recommendation The repeatability of the yield strength test and deformation test is best when the following criteria is met or exceeded. This recommendation uses the applied stresses to predict yieldin
25、g at a critical value given by the maximum shear stress (Tresca) criterion. At the critical value, the sum of the applied stresses from the stud tension and nut torque equals the yield point of the nut seat material. The applied stresses are a conservative approximation for the principal stresses. I
26、t is important to note that stud tension creates a compressive stress on the nut seat. See Figure 2. FIGURE 2 - NUT SEAT BEARING SURFACE AND MEAN RADIUS Bs = Ts + (Tq / R) / Y (Eq. 1) where: Bs = Bearing surface area Ts = Bolt Tension Tq = Applied torque R = Mean radius of nut seat Y = Yield strengt
27、h of the wheel material Tables 4 and 5 give example values of Bs for typical assumed properties. Use Equation 1 to calculate bearing surface areas for wheels made from materials with other properties. TABLE 4 - CALCULATED STEEL WHEEL MINIMUM BEARING SURFACE USING STRESS DIFFERENTIALS (mm2) Applied T
28、orques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Stud TensionN 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 12 000 92.7 97.5 102.3 107.0 111.8 116.6 121.3 126.1 16 000 109.3 114.1 118.9 123.6 128.4 133.2 137.9 142.7 20 0
29、00 125.9 130.7 135.5 140.2 145.0 149.8 154.5 159.3 24 000 142.5 147.3 152.0 156.8 161.6 166.4 171.1 175.9 28 000 159.1 163.9 168.6 173.4 178.2 183.0 187.7 192.5 SAE INTERNATIONAL J2315 DEC2015 Page 5 of 6 This calculation assumes a min yield of 241 MPa (35 ksi) and a mean nut seat diameter of 17.4 m
30、m (0.69 in) to represent typical low-carbon steels. TABLE 5 - CALCULATED ALUMINUM WHEEL MINIMUM BEARING SURFACE USING STRESS DIFFERENTIALS (mm2) Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Applied Torques Nm Stu
31、d TensionN 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 12 000 185.0 194.1 203.2 212.3 221.4 230.5 239.6 248.7 16 000 219.3 228.4 237.5 246.6 255.7 264.8 273.9 283.1 20 000 253.6 262.7 271.9 281.0 290.1 299.2 308.3 317.4 24 000 288.0 297.1 306.2 315.3 324.4 333.5 342.6 351.7 28 000 322.3 331.4 340.5 349.6 358.7 3
32、67.8 377.0 386.1 This calculation assumes a min yield of 116.5 MPa (16.9 ksi) and a mean nut seat diameter of 18.85 mm (0.74 in) to represent typical aluminum wheels. 4. NOTES 4.1 Marginal Indicia A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where
33、technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents
34、 that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE NUT SEAT TEST TASK FORCE OF THE SAE WHEEL STANDARDS COMMITTEE SAE INTERNATIONAL J2315 DEC2015 Page 6 of 6 APPENDIX A Data table: SAE J2315 3.3 and 3.4 Load Capability Test # F0: kN Wheel PN: F: kN Stud/Nut Size Stud PN: Minimum Load kN Nut PN
35、: 3.3 Deformation Test Data Load Cycle Bolt Hole 1 Bolt Hole 2 Bolt Hole 3 Bolt Hole 4 Bolt Hole 5 Bolt Hole 6 Bolt Hole 7 Bolt Hole 8 1 Yield Load kN 2 Yield Load kN 3 Yield Load kN 4 Yield Load kN 5 Yield Load kN H0-H1 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Max Spec. H0-H5
36、 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 Max Spec. A. Is nut seat height change (H0-H1) less then 0.6mm after first cycle? Yes _ No _ B. Is nut seat height change (H0-H5) less then 0.8mm after five cycles? Yes _ No _ PASS FAIL 3.4 Yield Strength Test Bolt Hole 1 2 3 4 5 Load at elastic limit Minimum load at elastic limit: Acceptance Criteria 3.4.2: Does the load at the elastic limit exceed that of Table 2? Yes _ No _ PASS FAIL Are the criteria for 3.3.2 and 3.4.2 met? Yes _ No _ PASS FAIL Technician Signature: Date:
