1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgJ2343 JUL2008 SURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEIssued 1997-01Revised 2008-07 Superseding J2343 NOV2007 Recommended Practice for LNG Medium and Heavy-Duty Powered Vehicles RATIONALEThe title of Section 4 has been change
5、d and an additional note added to facilitate a better understanding of the core subject matter and specifics within the section. FOREWORDThis SAE Recommended Practice is intended as a guide for standard practice and is subject to change in order to keep pace with experience and technical advances. I
6、ts purpose is to promote safety and efficiency by making available to sellers and buyers of commercial liquefied natural gas (LNG) powered medium and heavy-duty vehicles a recommended practice for construction, operation, and maintenance of such vehicles. Vehicles shall be defined as having a gross
7、vehicle weight (GVW) rating of greater than 6350 kg (14 001 USA pounds), and all LNG vehicles used for public transit or commercial applications. The intent of this document is to cover these classes and application of vehicles only and specifically excludes automotive passenger vehicles. The docume
8、nt was initially developed by the Manufacturers LNG Technical Subcommittee of the ATA Foundations Alternative Fuels Task Force, which was organized in 1994 to guide the trucking and cryogenic industries in their efforts associated with the use of LNG as an Alternate Fuel for use in heavy-duty trucks
9、. Prior to the first Subcommittee meeting, some preliminary work had been performed by the LNG Onboard Fuel System Integration Committee (LOFSIC). The first step in the SAE Subcommittees work was to perform a Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA), facilitated by Failure Analysis Associates. This
10、 study identified Failure Scenarios and the Failure Mechanisms, which could potentially lead to the identified Failure Scenarios. It is the intent of these Recommended Practices to avoid the failure mechanisms identified by that study where possible, and to devise and recommend means of construction
11、, operation, and maintenance, which would warn of an impending fault or failure, and/or mitigate the outcome, should a failure occur. Concurrent with the FMEA, the SAE Subcommittee undertook an exhaustive review of existing codes, standards, recommended practices, and regulations pertinent to trucks
12、 and LNG in force or in preparation, so that the Recommended Practice would be consonant with such, whether in force or under preparation.This SAE publication necessarily deals to some extent in generalities, since it is not possible to anticipate and address every individual set of conditions that
13、might be found in constructing, operating, and maintaining LNG powered vehicles. It is intended to be a practical guide illustrating the application of recommended practices. The correct application of these practices in any actual field situation must rely on sound judgment and experience.SAE J2343
14、 Revised JUL2008 - 2 -TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 41.1 Purpose. 42. REFERENCES 42.1 Applicable Publications . 42.1.1 API Publication 42.1.2 ASME Publications 42.1.3 Compressed Gas Association Publication 52.1.4 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Publication 52.2 Related Publicatio
15、ns . 52.2.1 SAE Publication 52.2.2 ANSI/FCI Publication 52.2.3 California Code of Regulations . 52.2.4 CCPS Publication 52.2.5 Compressed Gas Association Publications 62.2.6 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Publications 62.2.7 FEMA Publication 62.2.8 NFPA Publication 62.2.9 Texas Administ
16、rative Code Publication 63. DEFINITIONS . 63.1 Family of Tanks Containers . 63.2 LOX . 63.3 LNG. 73.4 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) . 73.5 Pressure Regulator . 73.6 Ullage Ullage Space 74. LNG ONBOARD FUEL SYSTEM DESIGN 74.1 General Design Criteria 74.1.1 Device Mounting . 74.1.2 Fuel Sy
17、stem Cleanliness After Any Assembly or Repair 84.1.3 Pressure Tests 84.1.4 Pressure Relief Devices 84.1.5 Design Ullage Space 84.2 LNG Fuel Tanks 84.2.1 Design . 94.2.2 Pressure Relief Devices 104.2.3 Level Gauging. 114.2.4 Pressure Gauging . 114.2.5 Fueling Connections . 114.2.6 Manual Vent Valve 1
18、24.2.7 Extended Bonnet Devices. 124.2.8 Excess Flow Devices 124.2.9 Connection and Manifold Enclosures . 124.2.10 Vehicle Tank Supports 124.2.11 Labeling. 124.2.12 Drop Tests. 134.2.13 Flame Test 134.3 Vaporizer. 134.3.1 Vaporizer Marking. 134.3.2 Vaporizer Heat Source 134.4 Pressure Regulators . 13
19、4.5 Automatic Shutoff Devices 144.6 Failure/Warning Devices. 14SAE J2343 Revised JUL2008 - 3 -4.7 Fittings and Piping/Tubing 144.8 Corrosion/Vibration/Durability Integrity . 144.9 Gas Detection . 144.10 Electrical 154.11 Gas Filtration. 155. OPERATION . 155.1 General . 155.1.1 The Final Stage Vehicl
20、e Manufacturer (FSVM) 155.1.2 Site Owner Operator Integration. 165.2 LNG Safety 165.2.1 Chemical and Physical Properties 165.2.2 Safety Hazards 165.2.3 Protective Equipment 165.2.4 First Aid and Emergency Services 165.3 Fuel System Overview 165.3.1 Fuel Tank System . 165.3.2 Vaporizer. 165.3.3 Press
21、ure Relief Devices 165.3.4 Automatic and Manual Shutoff Devices 175.3.5 Vent Stack. 175.4 Operational Safety 175.4.1 Pre- and Post-Operational Safety. 175.4.2 Low-Temperature Warning . 175.4.3 Methane Detection 175.5 Fueling Safety . 175.5.1 Fueling Procedure. 175.5.2 Grounding . 175.5.3 Dust Caps .
22、 175.5.4 Tank Fueling with Venting Required. 175.6 Fuel Quality . 185.6.1 Fuel Specification 185.6.2 Fuel Contamination. 185.6.3 Use of CNG. 185.6.4 Weathering of LNG Fuel . 185.7 Indoor Parking Safety . 185.7.1 Short-Term Parking. 185.7.2 Long-Term Parking . 186. MAINTENANCE 196.1 General . 196.2 L
23、NG Safety 196.2.1 Chemical and Physical Properties 196.2.2 Safety Hazards 196.2.3 Protective Equipment 196.2.4 Methane Detection 196.3 Facility Safety 196.3.1 Fuel Supply Isolation. 196.3.2 Relief/Vent Stack Piping . 196.3.3 Methane Detection 196.3.4 Fuel System Cleanliness After Reassembly. 206.3.5
24、 Fuel Tank Maintenance 206.3.6 Fuel System Leaks 206.3.7 Firefighting Techniques. 206.4 Pressure Relief Valve Maintenance 206.5 Fuel System Modification and Maintenance. 20SAE J2343 Revised JUL2008 - 4 -6.5.1 Fuel System Overview 206.5.2 Fuel Tank 206.5.3 Vaporizer. 216.5.4 Pressure Relief Devices 2
25、16.5.5 Shutoff Devices. 216.5.6 Leak Testing 216.5.7 Protection from Ignition Sources. 216.5.8 Other System Components. 217. NOTES 217.1 Marginal Indicia. 21APPENDIX A - DROP TEST PROCEDURES 22APPENDIX B - FAILURE MODES AND EFFECTS ANALYSIS. 28APPENDIX C 301. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice prov
26、ides guidance for the construction, operation, and maintenance of LNG powered medium, heavy-duty vehicles and all LNG vehicles used for public transit or commercial applications. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to establish a uniform practice for construction, operation, and maintenance
27、of LNG powered vehicles and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances. The revised Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) which influences this document is a separate document, available in part as an informative appendix (Appendix B).2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Pu
28、blications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 API Publication Available from American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-4070, Tel: 2
29、02-682-8000, www.api.org.API 620 Design and Construction of Large, Welded, Low-Pressure Storage Tanks 2.1.2 ASME Publications Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2900, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2900, Tel: 973-882-1170, www.asme.org.ASME Boiler and Pressure V
30、essel Code Section VIII Pressure Vessels, Division 1 ASME B31.3 Process Piping SAE J2343 Revised JUL2008 - 5 -2.1.3 Compressed Gas Association Publication Available from Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly VA 20151-2923, Tel: 703-788-2700, .CGA G-4.1 Cleaning Equipment
31、 for Oxygen Service G4.1 2.1.4 Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration Publication Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9320, Tel: 202-512-0000, www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.49 CFR 178.57 Specificati
32、on 4L Welded Insulated Cylinders 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. 2.2.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (
33、inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J703 Fuel SystemsTrucks and Truck Tractors 2.2.2 ANSI/FCI Publication Available from IHS Global, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, Tel: 877-413-5184, .ANSI/FCI 70-2 Control Valve Seat Leakage 2.2.3 California Code of Reg
34、ulations California Department of Occupational Safety and Health Pressure Vessel Unit (DOSH Title 8): Elihu Harris State Building, 1515 Clay Street, Suite 1302, Oakland, CA 94615, Tel: 510-622-4052, http:/ccr.oal.ca.gov/, Donald Cook Principal Safety Engineer, dcookhq.dir.ca.gov.CCR Title 8 (Industr
35、ial Relations), Division 1 (Department of Industrial Relations), Chapter 4 (Division of Industrial Safety),Subchapter 1 (Unfired Pressure Vessel Safety Orders), Article 7 (Compressed and Liquefied Natural Gas System) California Highway Patrol Enforcement Division Commercial Vehicle Section 444 North
36、 3rd Street, Suite 310, Sacramento, California 95614-0228, http:/ccr.oal.ca.gov/, Cris Morgan, Tel: 916-445-1865, cmorganchp.ca.gov.CCR Title 13 (Motor Vehicles), Division 2 (Department of California Highway Patrol), Chapter 4 (Special Equipment), Article 2 (Compressed and Liquefied Gas Fuel Systems
37、), Section 935 (Liquefied Natural Gas) and Section 936 (Installation)2.2.4 CCPS Publication Available from the Center for Chemical Process Safety of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5591, Tel: 212-591-7316, www.aiche.org/ccps/.Guidelines for Evaluating
38、the Characteristics of Vapor Cloud Explosions, Flash Fires and BLEVEs SAE J2343 Revised JUL2008 - 6 -2.2.5 Compressed Gas Association Publications Available from the Compressed Gas Association, 4221 Walney Road, 5th Floor, Chantilly VA 20151-2923, Tel: 703-788-2700, .CGA S-1.2 Pressure Relief Device
39、 StandardsPart 2Cargo and Portable Tanks for Compressed Gases CGA S-1.3 Pressure Relief Device StandardsPart 3Stationary Storage Containers for Compressed Gases 2.2.6 Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration Publications Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Off
40、ice, Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-9320, Tel: 202-512-0000, www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.49CFR 393.65 All Fuel Systems 49CFR 393.67 Liquid Fuel Tanks 2.2.7 FEMA Publication Available from Federal Emergency Management Agency, Publications Office, P.O. Box 2012, Jessup, MD 20794, Tel: 800-
41、480-2520, www.fema.gov.Handbook of Chemical Hazard Analysis Procedures 2.2.8 NFPA Publication Available from the National Fire Protection Agency, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, Tel: 617-770-3000, www.nfpa.org.NFPA 52 2006 Vehicular Fuel Systems Code 2006 (new document includes old NFPA
42、57 and 52) NFPA 70National Electrical Code 2.2.9 Texas Administrative Code Publication Available from Railroad Commission of Texas, Capitol Station, P.O. Box 12967, Austin, TX 78711-2967, Tel: 512-463-7110, http:/info.sos.state.tx.us/pls/pub/readtac$ext.ViewTAC.Title 16 (Economic Regulation), Part 1
43、 (Railroad Commission of Texas), Chapter 13 (Regulations for Compressed Natural Gas CNG and Liquefied Natural Gas LNG) 3. DEFINITIONS The following definitions were derived in assembling this document. 3.1 Family of Tanks Containers A group of tanks related by the following common characteristics or
44、 properties: same manufacturer, same insulation system and materials, same inner support system, identical design, mounted in the same manner, with piping components in the same or similar orientation, constructed with the same material types of the same strength and a volume not greater than 100% o
45、f the test tank provided that the inner and outer vessels are of the same thickness as the test tank. 3.2 LOX Liquefied oxygen. SAE J2343 Revised JUL2008 - 7 -3.3 LNG Liquefied natural gas. 3.4 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure (MAWP) The highest pressure which can occur within a system prior to op
46、eration of the protecting relief valve. 3.5 Pressure Regulator Any device used to reduce pressure (independent of flow) exclusive of engine control regulators. 3.6 Ullage Ullage Space Ullage is another word for vapor space. Vapor space between the liquid cryogen and top of the tank. 4. LNG ONBOARD F
47、UEL SYSTEM DESIGN NOTE: Refueling Site Construction. Refueling Sites: The performance of the LNG onboard fuel system depends on the refueling stations engineering design and the equipments ability to perform to the requirements of the onboard fuel system. Fuel flow, pressure, saturation, overfilling
48、, under filling, hold times and safety shall be part of the coordinated functions of the LNG refueling station and onboard fuel system. 4.1 General Design Criteria All materials used in fuel system devices, components, materials, devices or systems to protect the components from under hood temperatu
49、res which could be exposed to LNG or cold LNG vapors (during operating conditions) from the onboard fill receptacle forward to the engine interface shall be rated for a service temperature range of 162 C (260 F) to +121 C (+250F). All fuel system components underneath the hood or where they would be exposed to higher temperatures must be rated for at least +1
