1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1998 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ2375ISSUEDAUG1997Issued 1997-08The Selection of Adhe
4、sives for the Attachment of Exterior Aftermarket AccessoriesForewordThis Document suggests materials and procedures for obtaining a good bond between two surfaces. Itdoes not address or guarantee adequate strength, or the performance of the bond, for the intended purpose of thebonded parts.1. ScopeT
5、he scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a mechanism for the proper surfacepreparation and selection of adhesive for the attachment of exterior aftermarket accessories.1.1 PurposeTo provide the aftermarket with guidelines for the selection of adhesives to attach variousaftermarket com
6、ponents to the exterior of the automobile body. Covered in this document is also the properpreparation of the surfaces to be adhered.1.2 Field of ApplicationThis document will find application in the body repair shop, body customizing shop, cardealer preparation department, and the do-it-yourself en
7、thusiast.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationThe following publication forms a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15
8、096-0001.SAE J1344Marking of Plastic Parts3. Identification of the Various Accessories for the Body Exterior3.1 There are a variety of components that are adhered to the exterior of the automobile. Each one serves eithera decorative or a functional purpose (or both) that is desired for the automobil
9、e body.SAE J2375 Issued AUG1997-2-3.2 The following is a listing of aftermarket components for attachment to the exterior body of an automobile ortruck:Body Side MoldingDeflectors, BugDeflectors, Sun, Rear Window Pick-up and CarDeflectors, Sunroof Wind (acrylic)Door Edge GuardsGrillsHeadlamp CoversL
10、ock and Keyhole Anti-Chip CoversLogos, Emblems, and Medallions, Three-DimensionalLuggage and Deck Rack Center StripsMirror Covers, Side-ViewProtectors, Side Cap for Pick-UpsRocker Panel Claddings and MoldingsRocker Panel, PVC “Chrome” MoldingsRocker Panel, Stainless Steel MoldingsRoof Drip MoldingsS
11、poilers, Rear, on Pick-Up TailgatesSpoilers/Wings (supplemental to mechanical attachment)Step Shield ProtectorsSun Visors, AcrylicTail Light CoversVent Visors (acrylic and stainless)Vents, DecorativeWheel Covers, Decorative EmblemsWheel Opening MoldingWind Deflectors, Rear (acrylic-style)4. Identifi
12、cation of the Various Surfaces to be Adhered4.1 Surfaces to be adhered can vary depending upon the material used to manufacture the aftermarketcomponent. The exterior body surface of the automobile will be either bare metal (steel or aluminum), baresheet-molded compound, or the paint used on these s
13、urfaces (either an acrylic, epoxy, polyester,polyurethane, or combinations of these.)4.2 The aftermarket components usually are made from one of the following types of materials listed in Table 1.For plastic parts, the approved marking, or symbol, for the plastic is shown with the type of plastic.5.
14、 Preparation of the Surface to be Adhered5.1 Two-Part AdhesivesAll of the surfaces to be bonded should be cleaned thoroughly with a premium grade ofsolvent (white spirits or alcohol) or degreaser. No recycled products should be used as they tend to leave aresidue on the cleaned surface after they ev
15、aporate. The surfaces of the parts to be bonded must be dry andfree of dust and grease before bonding. If the parts are polyurethane and not primed, care must be taken toensure that the manufacturer has removed the mold release. If this can not be determined, then clean allsurfaces with soap and wat
16、er first. Let dry. Roughen, or scuff, the bonding surfaces along the bond line, thenwipe down all surfaces with a plastic prep or plastic adhesion promoter.Mark exact outline of parts to be glued in the correct position on the vehicle with a water-soluble felt pen. Thismarking is used to align parts
17、 when bonding them later.SAE J2375 Issued AUG1997-3-It may be necessary to seal or prime some substrates prior to bonding.a. Most porous or fiber materials will require sealing to provide a unified surface. Follow the adhesivemanufacturers recommendations for the appropriate sealer to use.b. Some ma
18、terials (e.g., metals, vinyl) will require priming or coating to prevent interaction betweenadhesives and substrates. Follow the adhesive manufacturers recommendations for the appropriatecoating to use.Mix adhesive by weight, proper mixing should be performed with scales to insure correct curing. To
19、 ensureproper weights and mixing of the adhesive and catalyst, use of an application system, i.e., a two-barrel systemthat mixes the adhesive and catalyst at the application tip, is recommended.Apply the adhesive with a spatula immediately after mixing. A serrated spatula will spread the adhesiveall
20、owing better adhesive flow when the parts are pushed together.5.2 Double-Sided TapeTo obtain optimum adhesion, the bonding surfaces must be clean, dry, and free ofsilicone. They must be free of dust, mold releases, condensation, etc., that may contaminate the tape andreduce its bonding ability. Pain
21、t overspray on any of the parts will also adversely affect adhesion and should beavoided. Typical surface cleaning solvents are an isopropyl alcohol/water mixture, enamel reducer, andheptane. Use proper safety precautions for handling solvents.In most cases, an adhesion promoter will be required to
22、conform to automotive adhesion requirements. Theproper adhesion promoter to use is dependent upon the substrate of the aftermarket component. Use themanufacturers guidelines to ensure proper selection and application of the adhesion promoter.Mark exact outline of parts to be glued on in correct posi
23、tion on the vehicle with a water-soluble felt pen. Thismarking is used to align parts when bonding them later.TABLE 1AFTERMARKET COMPONENTS MATERIALSType SymbolSteelAluminumAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ABSAcrylic Styrene Acrylonitrile ASAEpoxy EPNylon (Polyamide) PAPolycarbonate PCPolyethylene PE
24、Polyethylene Low Density PE-LDPolyethylene Linear Low Density PE-LLDPolyethylene Linear Medium Density PE-LMDPolyethylene Medium Density PE-MDPolyethylene Ultra High Molecular Weight PE-UHMWAcrylic PMMAPolypropylene PPPolyurethane, Thermoset PURPolyvinyl Chloride PVCThermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) TE
25、OThermoplastic Polyurethane TPUUrea Formaldehyde UFPolyester (Thermoset) UPSMC (Sheet Molded Compound) UPSAE J2375 Issued AUG1997-4-6. Selection of AdhesiveBefore selection of an adhesive system, a determination should be made as to thetype of substrates that are to be bonded together. Rarely is an
26、accessory bonded directly to bare metal orSMC. Usually, the metal or SMC has a coating of some type on it, whether it is a primer or top coat. To ensurethe right adhesive system is chosen, one should identify the chemical type of coating. The coating types areas follows, usually:Acrylic (PMMA)also k
27、nown as “lacquer”.Epoxy (EP)usually used as a primer.Polyester (UP)also known as enamel, and is what SMC is comprised of.Polyurethane (PUR)usually called by its name “polyurethane”.Then identify the bonding surface of the accessory (either bare plastic or metal, or coated plastic or metal).Once both
28、 surfaces are identified, use of the Adhesive System Selection Guide (Table 2) will identify the properadhesive systems to use. The plastics are identified on the chart by their symbol.6.1 Liquid AdhesivesIf liquid adhesives are desired, then factors such as open time, handling time, cure time,and i
29、n-service performance of the adhesive should be considered in addition to the Adhesive System SelectionGuide (Table 2). In all cases, follow the manufacturers recommendations for proper storage, handling, and useof the adhesive.6.2 Tape AdhesivesIf a tape adhesive is to be used, follow the manufactu
30、rers recommendations. Proper tapeselection is dependent upon the type of part, the substrates to be bonded, and the stresses to be placed uponthe part while in service.Once the proper tape is selected, for maximum adhesion ensure that its temperature is between 15 C (60 F)and 43 C (110F) at the time
31、 of application. Remove the liner of the tape immediately before application, withcare not to touch the adhesive surface with the hands. Do not contaminate the adhesive surface with dust,moisture, grease, etc.Bond strength is dependent upon the amount of adhesive-to-surface contact developed. Firm a
32、pplicationpressure, by using a roller, develops better adhesive contact resulting in improved bond strength.7. Key WordsAccessory, adhesive, exterior, plastic, tape.SAE J2375 Issued AUG1997-5-PREPARED BY THE SAE BODY EXTERIOR COMMITTEE OF THE SAE AFTERMARKET SYSTEMS GROUP COMMITTEETABLE 2ADHESIVE SY
33、STEM SELECTION GUIDE(1)1. Adhesive system key:me = methacrylate adhesive systemsps = polysulfide adhesive systemspur = polyurethane adhesive systemsep = epoxy adhesive systemsSubstrate Steel Aluminum ABS ASA EP PA PC PE PMMA PP PUR PVC TEO TPU UF UPSteel me, ps,pur, epme, ps,pur, epme, pur pur me, e
34、p me, pur,epme, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, epAluminum me, ps,pur, epme, ps,pur, epme, pur pur me, ep me, pur, epme, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, epABS me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, p
35、ur me, pur meASA pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur EP me, ep me, ep me me, ep me, ep me me, pur me me me me me, epPA me, pur, epme, pur, epme, pur pur me, ep me, pur, epme, pur, eppur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, epPC me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me,
36、 pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur mePE pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur PMMA me me me me me me me me me me me me mePP pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur pur PUR me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pu
37、r me, pur me, pur mePVC me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur meTEO me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur meTPU me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me
38、, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur meUF me, pur me, pur me, pur pur me me, pur me, pur pur me pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur me, pur meUP me, ep me, ep me me, ep me, ep me, ep me me me me me me me, epSAE J2375 Issued AUG1997RationaleNot applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot appl
39、icable.ApplicationThe scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to provide a mechanism for the proper surfacepreparation and selection of adhesive for the attachment of exterior aftermarket accessories.Reference SectionSAE J1344Marking of Plastic PartsDeveloped by the SAE Body Exterior CommitteeSponsored by the SAE Aftermarket Systems Group Committee
