1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER: (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1997 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardJ2379ISSUEDAUG1997Issued 1997-08Performance Engine Building Recommended PracticesForewordThe practice of building and rebuilding gasoline and diesel engines has been around since the introduc-tion of the first automobile. Since then, the procedures have been refined and updated to keep pace wit
5、h presentday technology.This document is aimed at those individuals building an engine to tolerances other than intended by the originalequipment manufacturer in order to achieve greater horsepower, durability, and comply with applicable emissionsstandards, while developing a minimum of one horsepow
6、er per cubic inch.AssumptionThe components being used are of a fit for purpose design, based upon the degree of service. Itmust also be understood that the individual choosing these parts is well versed in the application of these parts forthe intent in which the engine is meant.1. ScopeThis SAE Rec
7、ommended Practice applies to the function of building reciprocating spark-ignitionengines which are used in conjunction with standard and high-performance ancillary components inapplications intended to achieve a minimum of 1 hp/in3.This document does not apply to rebuilt engines which may only be p
8、artially repaired with little or no machin-ing, nor does it apply to second-hand or used engines.2. ReferencesOnce completed, the entire document will be contained in this document. Presently severaladditions need to be made.3. DefinitionsFor the purpose of this document, the definitions following a
9、pply.3.1 Short-Block AssemblyA cylinder block and all those components contained within the limits of the blockdeck or decks, the pan rail, the block rear face, and the timing cover, where fitted, including bearings,crankshaft, camshaft and lifter assemblies, connecting rods, pistons assemblies, tim
10、ing components, oil pumpand drive assembly, oil pump pickup screen, oil pan, damper, and flywheel.3.2 Cylinder Head AssemblyA cylinder head fitted with guides, seals, valves and associated springs, shims,cups, retainer assemblies and on overhead camshaft cylinder heads (OHC), camshaft, camshaft bear
11、ings,lash adjusters, tappets, and rockers.3.3 Long-Block AssemblyA short-block assembly together with a cylinder head assembly and all thosecomponents fitted within the rocker or cam cover, and timing cover presented as an assembly.SAE J2379 Issued AUG1997-2-3.4 Complete Engine AssemblyA long-block
12、assembly together with all of the components required todynamometer test the engine to simulate the final operating environment.3.5 Performance BuiltDescribes an engine which has been:Dismantled, cleaned, inspected, i.e., crack testing, pressure testing, or visual examination, whichever isapplicable
13、;All components have been inspected, and machined when necessary to achieve the proper dimensionsand finishes per the practices and specifications as presented or referenced in this document;New parts, as defined in this document, have been installed as required after inspection for fit-for-purpose;
14、andThe engine has been assembled to appropriate clearances and component manufacturers specifiedfastener tightening procedures.3.6 Fit-for-PurposeA component or procedure that fits the intended performance level and application.3.7 Reclaimed ComponentsA component which has been found to be within sp
15、ecifications and can demon-strate fitness for purpose for the intended application.3.8 Replacement ComponentsReplacement components are defined as items which are sourced frommanufacturers or suppliers who can demonstrate fitness for purpose and who can support their products.3.9 ShallIndicates that
16、 a statement is mandatory.3.10 ShouldIndicates a recommendation.3.11 InspectionNon-destructive testing and measurement, including all new replacement components as well asall reclaimed components.4. Short Block4.1 Cylinder BlockCylinder block shall be disassembled, all bearings, oil and water galley
17、 plugs removed, andthoroughly cleaned inside and out.1 The cylinder block, including all threaded holes, shall be inspected asappropriate to ensure suitability.4.1.1 Main-bearing caps shall be checked for fit and all main-bearing bores shall be measured for size, checked forroundness, taper and alig
18、nment, and remachined if required to ensure the correct fit of the replacementbearings. Thrust locations shall be checked and if out of tolerance, machined as required. Seal locationsshall be checked and if out of tolerance, machined as required.4.1.2 Camshaft bearing bores shall be measured for siz
19、e, checked for roundness, taper, location and alignment,and remachined if required to ensure correct fit of the replacement bearings or oversize journal servicecamshaft.4.1.3 Camshaft lifter bores shall be measured for size, checked for roundness, location, alignment, and taper.Remachine if required
20、 to ensure correct fit of the lifter assembly and valve event timing.1. A complete document on up-to-date cleaning procedures and required equipment.SAE J2379 Issued AUG1997-3-4.1.4 CYLINDER BLOCK DECKa. Cylinder block deck height to main-bearing bore dimensions shall be verified and adjusted wherea
21、ppropriate. This is particularly important on V-type engines where the deck height specificationbetween both cylinder banks shall match.b. Cylinder block deck surface shall be checked for flatness, parallelism, squareness, and finish, andmachined where appropriate, as specified by the replacement ga
22、sket manufacturer.c. In certain instances, such as engines with removable liners, the deck surface may not requiremachining, but in such instances liner recesses shall be checked and trued as required and the sealingsurfaces shall be verified to conform to the intended purpose.d. All bolt holes shal
23、l be checked, chamfered, and repaired as outlined in SAE document nnnn.1e. All other gasket or sealing faces on the block shall be checked for serviceability and corrected ifnecessary.f. The transmission/bellhousing mounting surface shall be checked for wear and perpendicularity to thecrankshaft cen
24、terline.4.1.5 CYLINDER BORING AND HONINGa. Main-bearing caps shall be mounted and torqued before cylinder bores are machined.b. All cylinders shall be rebored with the correct bore location, or new sleeves installed where appropri-ate, to within the recommended limits of oversize.c. Deck plates shal
25、l be installed and torqued before cylinder bores are honed to within the recommendedlimits of oversize with an appropriate surface finish. Care should be taken that all studs and/or boltsprotrude through the deck plate the same measurement as the cylinder head being used. Care shouldalso be taken th
26、at the same length and style of fastener the engine is assembled with, is used with thecylinder head deck plate. Furthermore, ensure that the deck plate fasteners engage the cylinder blockat the same length and depth as the assembly fastener. All necessary machine work for the headgaskets, i.e., O-r
27、ings, received grooves, etc. should be performed before installing torque plate with thehead gasket of choice in place. Piston-to-wall clearances shall be verified on a cylinder-by-cylinderbasis.4.1.6 It is recommended that press-in oil gallery plugs should be replaced with threaded plugs, provided
28、they donot obstruct intersecting oil passages, and casting hole plugs shall be additionally secured.4.2 Connecting Rod AssembliesAll connecting rod assemblies (including bolts) shall be inspected for align-ment and integrity through non-destructive testing, and4.2.1 The connecting rod journal bore s
29、hall be checked for size, roundness, taper, width and where necessary beresized or replaced.4.2.2 The piston end bore shall be checked as follows:a. Fully floating pin types shall have the bushing removed and a new bushing fitted and machined to thecorrect fit for the replacement pin. Depending on a
30、pplication, thin-walled piston pin bushings mayrequired burnishing to ensure uniform contact with the parent bore. Connecting rod center-to-centerlength shall be maintained; orb. Press fit pin types shall be checked for alignment, size, and surface finish.1. Requesting additional research to identif
31、y existing documents that specify bolt hole chamfers.SAE J2379 Issued AUG1997-4-4.3 CrankshaftThe crankshaft shall have all galley plugs removed and then be thoroughly cleaned andinspected for damage using magnetic particle and visual inspection. Journal hardness, surface finish, round-ness, fillet
32、radius, taper, and diameter must be verified to be correct to the crankshaft and bearing manufactur-ers specifications.Oil clearance shall be established by subtracting the maximum wall thickness of the upper- and lower-bearingshell and the journal diameter from the housing bore.The crankshaft may b
33、e reclaimed by;4.3.1 Journals that are not within specifications shall be ground to a uniform undersize and finish. If a crankshaftwas originally heat treated and surface hardness is reduced below acceptable industry standards aftergrinding it shall be re-heat treated; and4.3.2 Journal oil holes sha
34、ll be inspected and machined as required.4.3.3 One or more crankshaft journals may be built up, reground, and finished so as to maintain parity with theother journals.4.3.4 Fillet areas shall be checked, built up and machined, or only machined, as required.4.3.5 Thrust face condition shall be checke
35、d and built up and machined, or only machined, as required.4.3.6 Rear main-sealing surfaces shall be checked and refinished as required. The flywheel flange shall bechecked for squareness and machined where appropriate. Bolt holes shall be checked and repaired asappropriate.4.3.7 Crankshaft noses an
36、d keyways shall be inspected for wear and rectified as required. Bolt holes shall bechecked and repaired as appropriate.4.3.8 Crankshaft stroke and index should be verified, recorded, and corrected where appropriate.4.3.9 Crankshaft balancing shall be performed as required.4.4 CamshaftsThe camshaft
37、shall be inspected and/or replaced as required; and4.4.1 The camshaft shall be checked for straightness and corrected as required.4.4.2 The bearing journal size and finish shall be measured to verify oil clearances; and4.4.3 The distributor gear shall be checked for irregularities and repaired as ne
38、cessary; and4.4.4 Verify lobe taper on flat follower camshaft to ensure lifter rotation.4.4.5 Inspect roller lifters for wear and rough operation and rebuilt where necessary.4.4.6 Flat tappets shall be inspected and/or replaced as required.SAE J2379 Issued AUG1997-5-5. Cylinder Head Assembly5.1 Cyli
39、nder HeadThe cylinder head shall be disassembled and cleaned both inside and out to remove allforeign matter. The following work shall then be completed on the unit:5.1.1 The cylinder head shall be inspected and tested to ensure suitability, magnetic particle inspection, crackdetection, pressure tes
40、t, vacuum testing, and visual inspection as appropriate. Cracks which may causesubsequent failure shall be repaired or the component replaced.5.1.2 Water ports shall be inspected and if corroded on the gasket sealing area shall be reclaimed by anappropriate method and machined so that water ports ca
41、n be sealed by a new gasket.5.1.3 In the case of overhead camshaft configurations, the camshaft bores shall be measured for size and checkedfor roundness, taper, and alignment. Alignment of the camshaft bores and free rotation of the camshaft shallbe ensured and corrected as necessary.5.1.4 The head
42、 surface shall be cleaned and checked to ensure straightness with a surface finish as specified bythe replacement gasket manufacturer. Cylinder heads that are not within specifications must be machined tospecifications.5.1.5 Valve guides shall be inspected for wear and fit in the cylinder head, wher
43、e appropriate, and machined toacceptable clearances and finish. Guides which do not meet these clearances shall be replaced with guidesfit-for-purpose.5.1.6 Valve seats shall be machined in such a manner as to retain the correct seat angles, widths, valve heights,and valve seating face concentric of
44、 less than specification, with the centerline of the valve guide bore.5.1.7 Where valve seat recession has occurred beyond acceptable limits, valve seat inserts fit-for-purpose shall befitted.5.1.8 All defective valve seats shall be replaced. Fit-for-purpose replacement seats shall be fitted with th
45、eappropriate interference fit.5.1.9 Cylinder head combustion chamber volumes shall be checked and equalized for their intended use.5.2 Rocker Arm/Shaft AssemblyRocker arm/shaft assemblies shall be completely dismantled, cleaned, andinspected for wear and other defects. Components shall be replaced a
46、s necessary.5.3 Intake, Exhaust, and Auxiliary ValveThe valve face, margin, stem, keeper grooves, and tips shall beinspected for wear and conformance with specifications and dimensions or the valve replaced. The valve faceshall be machined within total indicated run-out specification. The valve stem
47、 tip shall be machinedperpendicular to the valve stem centerline with the appropriate surface finish.5.4 Valve Caps and Valve Spring RetainersAll valve retaining components, i.e., collets, keepers, retainers,rotators, etc. shall be inspected for serviceability and replaced where necessary.5.5 Valve
48、SpringAll valve springs shall be tested for squareness, free height, and spring pressure at installedheight and valve open height. Coil bind shall be checked at the closed and open valve position. Coil clearancewhen the valve is open shall be no less than recommended manufacturer specification. The
49、use of spacers,and/or offset valve keepers are permitted in order to achieve installed spring height. They shall not be used tocompensate for a weak valve spring.5.6 Valve Spring AssemblyThe retainer to valve stem seal distances shall be checked on the assembled com-ponent. Retainer to rocker arm clearance shall be checked and adjustments made where appropriate.SAE J2379 Issued AUG1997-6-6. Miscellaneous ComponentsMiscellaneous components shall be checked as follows:6.1 Oil Pump and Pressure Relief ValveThe oil pump shall be disassembled, cleaned and inspected, a
