1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J356_201312 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J356 DEC2013 Issued 1968-07 Revised 2013-12
5、Superseding J356 JUL2006 Welded Flash-Controlled Low-Carbon Steel Tubing Normalized for Bending, Double Flaring, and Beading RATIONALE This five year review of the J356 standard incorporates specific revisions requested by producers of this material type. 1. SCOPE The SAE Standard covers normalized
6、electric-resistance welded flash-controlled single-wall, low-carbon steel pressure tubing intended for use as pressure lines and in other applications requiring tubing of a quality suitable for bending, double flaring, beading, forming, and brazing. Material produced to this specification is not int
7、ended to be used for single flare applications due to the potential leak path that would be caused by the ID weld bead or scarfed region. Assumption of risks when using this material for single flare applications to be defined by agreement between the producer and tube purchaser. This specification
8、also covers SAE J356 Type-A tubing. The mechanical properties and performance requirements of standard SAE J356 and SAE J356 Type-A are the same. Therefore, the designated differences of Type-A tubing are not meant to imply that Type-A tubing is in anyway inferior to standard SAE J356. The Type-A de
9、signation is only meant to address the unique manufacturing differences of the small diameter, light wall sizes (typically 19.05 mm OD x 1.24 mm wall and smaller.) The primary differences between SAE J356 and SAE J356 Type-A are described in the following paragraph. Type-A tubing is heat treated in-
10、line to relieve stresses and is generally produced in coiled form. When Type-A tubing is produced in coil form, straight lengths of Type-A are only available through a secondary straightening and cut-to-length operation. Standard SAE J356 is produced as straight lengths and then receives a secondary
11、 normalizing operation. All standard SAE J356 requirements apply to Type-A tubing unless the specific requirement is noted with a “Type-A” designation. Standard SAE J356 is also available in the same sizes as Type-A, in which case all the standard SAE J356 specifications apply. SAE INTERNATIONAL J35
12、6 Revised DEC2013 Page 2 of 7 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400
13、 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J409 Product Analysis - Permissible Variations from Specified Chemical Analysis of a Heat or Cast of Steel SAE J514 Hydraulic Tube Fittings SAE J533 Flares for Tu
14、bing SAE J1677 Tests and Procedures for SAE Low-Carbon Steel and Copper Nickel Tubing 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth D
15、rive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J1065 Nominal Reference Working Pressures for Steel Hydraulic Tubing SAE J1453 Fitting - O-Ring Face Seal SAE J2551 Recommended Practices for Fluid Conductor Carbon and Alloy St
16、eel Tubing Applications SAE J2658 Carbon and Steel Alloy Tube Conductor Assemblies for Fluid Power and General Use - Test Methods for Hydraulic Fluid Power Metallic Tube Assemblies 2.2.2 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-80
17、02, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 3305 Plain end welded precision steel tubes - Technical conditions for delivery ISO 5598 Fluid power systems and components - Vocabulary ISO 8434-2 Metallic tube connections for fluid power and general use - Part: 2 37 flare fittings ISO 8434-3 Metallic tube
18、connections for fluid power and general use - Part: 3 ORFS fittings ISO 10583 Hydraulic fluid power - Test methods for tube connections ISO 10763 Hydraulic fluid power - Plain-end, seamless and welded steel tubes - Dimensions and nominal working pressures SAE INTERNATIONAL J356 Revised DEC2013 Page
19、3 of 7 EN 10305-3 Welded Cold Sized Steel Tubes for Precision Applications JIS G 3454 Welded Carbon Steel Pipes for Pressure Service 2.2.3 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org ASTM
20、 A 513 Electric-Resistance-Welded Carbon and Alloy Steel Tubing ASTM A 450/A 450M Standard Specifications for General Requirements for Carbon, Ferritic Alloy and Austenitic Alloy Steel Tubing 3. MANUFACTURE The tubing shall be made from flat-rolled steel shaped into a tubular form, the edges of whic
21、h are joined and fused together by electric-resistance welding. After forming and welding, the outside flash shall be removed to provide a smooth surface. The inside flash shall be of uniform contour, free from saw-tooth peaks, and controlled in height by seam-welding techniques or by cutting, but n
22、ot by hammering or rolling. The inside flash height shall conform to the following as in Table 1. The tubing shall be normalized via an atmospherically controlled method to produce a finished product which will meet all requirements of this document. 3.1 Type-A The tubing shall be heat treated to re
23、lieve stresses via an atmospherically controlled method to produce a finished product which will meet all requirements of this document. TABLE 1 - INSIDE FLASH HEIGHT Nominal Wall Thickness mm Maximum Flash Height(1)(2)Thru 25.4 mm OD mm Maximum Flash Height(1)(2)Over 25.4 mm OD mm less than 0.90 0.
24、13 0.25 0.90 through 1.65 0.20 0.25 greater than 1.65 0.25 0.25 1. For tubes having an ID greater than 8 mm, the height of the inside weld flash shall be measured with a ball micrometer having a 3.96 mm 0.41 mm radius on the anvil or ball point. For tubes having an ID 8 mm or less, screw thread micr
25、ometers shall be used. The height of the flash shall be the difference between the thickness of the tubing wall at the point of maximum height of the flash and the average of the wall thickness. 2. Tubing with an ID that is smaller than the producers capability to scarf the ID weld bead shall be pro
26、duced as a “flash in” tube. Seam welding techniques may be applied in order to control the ID flash height. The maximum ID flash height, however, will be determined by agreement between the producer and the purchaser. 4. DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES The tolerances applicable to tubing outside diameter
27、are shown in Table 2. The tolerances applicable to tubing wall thickness are shown in Table 3. Particular attention shall be given to the weld to minimize strip edge mismatch that can result in a sharp step or edge, which can create localized stresses and eventual fatigue fracture. SAE INTERNATIONAL
28、 J356 Revised DEC2013 Page 4 of 7 TABLE 2 - TUBING OUTSIDE DIAMETER TOLERANCE Nominal Tubing OD(1)(2)mm Tube OD Tolerance mm Up to 15.88 0.08 Over 15.88 to 28.57 0.09 Over 28.57 to 50.80 0.13 Over 50.80 to 63.50 0.15 Over 63.50 to 76.20 0.20 Over 76.20 to 88.90 0.23 Over 88.90 to 101.60 0.25 1. OD m
29、easurements shall be taken at least 50 mm from the end of the tubing. 2. Refer to SAE J514 for nominal tubing OD to be used in conjunction with standard hydraulic tube fittings and SAE J533 for recommended maximum nominal wall thickness for double flaring. TABLE 3 - TUBING WALL THICKNESS TOLERANCES
30、Nominal Wall Thickness(1)mm Nominal Tubing Outside Diameter Thru 25 mm Plus(2)/Minus mm Nominal Tubing Outside Diameter Over 25 mm Thru 50 mm Plus(2)/Minus mm Nominal Tubing Outside Diameter Over 50 mm Thru 100 mm Plus(2)/Minus mm 0.71 0.05/0.08 0.08/0.08 0.08/0.08 0.89 0.05/0.10 0.05/0.10 0.05/0.10
31、 1.00 0.05/0.10 0.05/0.10 0.05/0.13 1.25 0.10/0.13 0.08/0.13 0.10/0.20 1.50 0.15/0.15 0.10/0.20 0.10/0.20 1.65 0.15/0.15 0.10/0.20 0.10/0.20 2.00 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 2.11 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 2.41 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 2.50 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 2.77 0.15/0.25 0.15
32、/0.25 0.15/0.25 3.00 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 3.05 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 3.40 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 0.15/0.25 3.75 0.18/0.28 0.18/0.28 4.00 0.18/0.28 0.18/0.28 4.19 0.18/0.28 0.18/0.28 4.57 0.18/0.28 0.18/0.28 5.00 0.20/0.30 0.20/0.30 5.16 0.20/0.30 0.20/0.30 5.59 0.20/0.30 0.20/0.30 6.00
33、 0.36/0.46 0.36/0.46 6.05 0.36/0.46 0.36/0.46 6.58 0.36/0.51 0.36/0.51 1. For intermediate wall thicknesses, the tolerance for the next heavier wall thickness shall apply. 2. Plus tolerances include allowance for crown on flat-rolled steel. SAE INTERNATIONAL J356 Revised DEC2013 Page 5 of 7 5. MANUF
34、ACTURING STANDARDS 5.1 Straightness Tubing shall be straightened to a tolerance of 0.8 mm in 1000 mm. Straightness tolerances shall be measured by placing a 1000 mm straight edge against the tube while lying on its neutral axis. The point of maximum deflection of the tube from the straight edge shou
35、ld not be more than allowed by the specification when measured with a feeler gauge. The aforementioned straightness tolerance may be waived if agreed upon between producer and purchaser, and will not apply to Type-A tubing that is coil form. 5.2 Tubing End Condition The tubing will be produced using
36、 normal mill cut-off practices. This will include, but is not limited to, punch-cut ends, double-cut ends, and rotary-cut ends. Care will be taken to minimize the distortion of the tube ends. Distortion of the tube ends must not affect the normal re-cutting processes that will be performed by the en
37、d user. Ends that require further processing will be by agreement between the producer and tube purchaser. 5.3 Finish The outside surface finish of the tube is critical in order to prevent possible leak paths on double flare fittings, mechanical form fittings, or other applications where the outside
38、 surface of the tube becomes the sealing surface. The outside surface of the tube shall be free of excessive roll marks, score marks, chatter marks, or other surface imperfections that would be considered detrimental to the function of the tubing. 5.4 Thermal Treatment The tubing is to be heated to
39、a temperature above the upper transformation point via an atmospherically controlled method, and then cooled in a protective atmosphere. 5.4.1 Type-A The tubing shall be heat treated to relieve stresses via an atmospherically controlled method. 6. MATERIAL Tubing shall be made from low-carbon, flat-
40、rolled steel conforming to the chemical composition in Table 4. The steel shall be made by the basic oxygen or electric furnace process. A ladle analysis of each heat shall be made to determine the percentages of the elements specified. The chemical composition thus determined shall be reported to t
41、he purchaser, or his representative, if requested, and shall conform to the requirements specified. If a check analysis is required, the tolerances shall be as specified in SAE J409, Table 3. TABLE 4 - CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS Element Cast or Heat Analysis, Weight % Carbon 0.06 min/0.18 max Manganese 0
42、.30 thru 0.60 Phosphorus 0.04 max Sulfur 0.05 max Type-A Carbon 0.02 min/0.18 max Manganese 0.10 thru 0.60 Phosphorus 0.04 max Sulfur 0.05 max SAE INTERNATIONAL J356 Revised DEC2013 Page 6 of 7 7. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES The finished tubing shall have mechanical properties as tabulated in Table 5. TAB
43、LE 5 - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Properties Values Yield Strength, min 170 MPa Ultimate Strength, min 310 MPa Elongation in 50 mm, min 35%(1)Hardness (Rockwell B), max 65(2)1. For tubing having nominal outside diameter of 9.5 mm or less, and/or wall thicknesses of 0.9 mm or less, a minimum elongation of
44、 25% is permissible. 2. The hardness test shall not be required on tubing with a nominal wall thickness of less than 1.65 mm. Such tubing shall meet all other mechanical properties and performance requirements. 8. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS The finished tubing shall satisfactorily meet the following p
45、erformance tests. All tests are to be conducted in accordance with the procedures in SAE J1677. 8.1 Flattening Test 8.2 Flaring Test 8.3 Reverse Flattening Test 8.4 Expansion Test 8.5 Hardness Test 8.6 Tensile Test 8.7 Elongation Test 8.8 Pressure Proof Test Performed when agreed upon between the pu
46、rchaser and the producer (where allowable unit stress of material(s) = 140 MPa (80% of min yield strength). 8.9 Nondestructive Electronic Test This test is to be conducted after all cold-working tube manufacturing operations are performed on the tubing. 9. TEST CERTIFICATES A certificate of complian
47、ce to the performance requirements shall be furnished to the purchaser by the producer if requested in the purchase agreement. The tube producer must be able to certify that each heat lot used to produce the tubing complies with the performance requirement. SAE INTERNATIONAL J356 Revised DEC2013 Pag
48、e 7 of 7 10. CLEANLINESS The inside and outside surfaces of the finished tubing shall be commercially bright, clean, and free from grease, oxide scale, carbon deposits, and any other contamination that cannot be readily removed by cleaning agents normally used in manufacturing plants. 11. CORROSION
49、PROTECTION The inside and outside surfaces of the finished tubing shall be protected against corrosion during shipment and normal storage. If a corrosion preventive compound is applied, it shall be such that after normal storage periods it can readily be removed by cleaning agents normally used in manufacturing. A specific corrosion resistant coating may be specified by the purchaser. 12.
