1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom
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4、6-0790Email: custsvcsae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLEINFORMATIONREPORTJ452REV.DEC2003Issued 1934-01Revised 2003-12Superseding J452 JAN89General InformationChemical Compositions, Mechanical and PhysicalProperties of SAE Aluminum Casting AlloysForewordThis Document has not change
5、d other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards BoardFormat.1. ScopeThe SAE Standards for aluminum casting alloys cover a wide range of castings for general andspecial use, but do not include all the alloys in commercial use. Over the years, aluminum alloys have beenidentified by many nu
6、mbering systems as shown in Table 1. Presently, SAE is recommending the use of theUNS Numbering System to identify these materials. The castings are made principally by sand cast,permanent mold, or die cast methods; however, shell molding, investment casting, plaster cast, and other lesscommon found
7、ry methods may also be used. If the alloys listed do not have the desired characteristics, it isrecommended that the manufacturers of aluminum castings be consulted.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unle
8、ss otherwise indicated the lastest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.ASTM E 29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance withSpecificationsASTM E 34Test Method
9、for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum AlloysASTM E 117Method for Spectrographic Analysis of Pig Lead by the Point-to-Plane TechniqueASTM B 557Methods of Tension Testing Wrought and Cast Aluminum and Magnesium Alloy Products3. Casting TypesGeneralThere are two general types of cast aluminum
10、alloys: nonheat treatable and heattreatable. The nonheat treatable alloys normally are used in the as-cast condition (F), but may be annealedtemper designation (O)to relieve casting stresses or to reduce the possibility of distortion during machining.The heat treatable alloys usually are used in a h
11、eat treated condition because of the increased strengthsresulting from the heat treatment. These treatments generally consist of a high temperature solutiontreatment, followed by quenching in water, and a low temperature aging treatment (T6).SAE J452 Revised DEC2003-2-TABLE 1TYPICAL USES OF SAE ALUM
12、INUM CASTING ALLOYS AND SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONSAlloy DesignationsTypeofCasting (1)Similar SpecificationsTypical Uses andGeneral DataUNS ANSIFormerSAE ASTM Federal AMSA02010 201.0 382 S B26 Very high strength at room and elevated temperature; good impact strength and ductility; high cost premium casti
13、ng alloy.PM 4229A02060 206.0 S 4237 High tensile and yield strength with moderate ductility; good fracture toughness in T4 temper, structural parts for automotive and aerospace applications.PM A02080 208.0 380 S B26 QQ-A-601 Manifolds, valve bodies, and similar castings requiring pressure tightness.
14、PM B108 A02220 222.0 34 S B26 QQ-A-601 Primarily a piston alloy, but also used for aircooled cylinder heads and valve tappet guides.PM B108 QQ-A-596 A02420 242.0 39 S B26 QQ-A-601 4222 Used primarily for aircooled cylinder heads, but also for pistons in high performance gasoline engines.PM B108 QQ-A
15、-596 A02950 295.0 38 S B26 QQ-A-601 4231 General structural castings requiring high strength and shock resistance.A02960 296.0 PM B108 QQ-A-596 4282 Modification of alloy 295.0 for use in permanent molds.A03190 319.0 326 S B26 QQ-A-601 General purpose low-cost alloy; good foundry characteristics.PM
16、B108 QQ-A-596 A23190 B319.0 329 S General purpose alloy similar to 319.0, but with lower ductility and improved machinability.PM A03280 328.0 327 S B26 QQ-A-601 Similar to alloys 355.0 and 356.0, but lower ductility.A03320 332.0 332 PM B108 QQ-A-596 Primarily used for automative and compressor pisto
17、ns.A03330 333.0 331 PM B108 QQ-A-596 General purpose low-cost permanent mold alloy used for engine parts, motor housings, flywheel housings, and regulator parts.A03360 336.0 321 PM B108 QQ-A-596 Piston alloy having low expansion.A03390 339.0 334 PM Piston alloy.A03540 354.0 PM B108 High strength pre
18、mium quality casting alloy.B686 A03550 355.0 322 S B26 QQ-A-601 4210 General use where high strength, medium ductility, and pressure tightness are required, such as pump bodies and liquid-cooled cylinder heads.PM B108 QQ-A-596 4212 4214 4280 4281A33550 C355.0 335 S B26 QQ-A-601 4215 Similar to alloy
19、 355.0, but has greater ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 B686 A03560 356.0 323 S B26 QQ-A-601 4217 For intricate castings requiring good strength and ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 4284 4286A13560 A356.0 336 S B26 QQ-A-601 4218 Similar to alloy 356.0, but has greater ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 B686 A03570 357
20、.0 S Similar to alloy A357.0, but has greater ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 A13570 A357.0 S 4219 High strength structural alloy with good ductility.PM B108 B686 A03590 359.0 S High strength structural alloy with good ductility.PM B108 SAE J452 Revised DEC2003-3-A03600 360.0 D B85 Very good casting char
21、acteristics; good corrosion resistance; used in place of alloy 413 where higher mechanical properties are required.A13600 A360.0 309 D B85 QQ-A-591 4290 Excellent casting characteristics; suited for use in thin-walled or intricate castings produced in cold-chamber casting machine; high corrosion res
22、istance; slightly higher mechanical properties than alloy 360.0.A03800 380.0 308 D B85 QQ-A-591 Similar to alloy A380.0, but suitable for use in either cold-chamber or gooseneck machines.A13800 A380.0 306 D B85 QQ-A-591 4291 Good casting characteristics and fair resistance to corrosion; not especial
23、ly suited for thin sections; limited to cold-chamber machines.A03830 383.0 383 D B85 QQ-A-591 Similar to alloy 380.0, but with improved castability.A03840 384.0 303 D B85 QQ-A-591 General purpose alloy with high fluidity; used for thin-walled castings or castings with large areas.A03900 390.0 D High
24、 wear resistance; used for cylinder blocks, transmission pump and air compressor housings, small engine crankcases, and air conditioner pistons.A13900 A390.0 S Similar to 390.0, but formulated for sand and permanent mold casting.PM A23900 B390.0 D Similar to alloy 390.0.A04130 413 D B85 Good for lar
25、ge thin-wall die castings, difficult to machine and finish.A14130 A413.0 305 D B85 QQ-A-591 High corrosion resistance; excellent castability; used for complicated castings with thin sections, also difficult to machine and finish.A24430 B443.0 35 S B26 QQ-A-601 Used for intricate castings having thin
26、 sections; good corrosion resistance; fair strength and good ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 A34430 C443.0 304 D B85 QQ-A-591 Good casting characteristics and resistance to corrosion.A14440 A444.0 S Good castability; excellent ductility for impact absorption; used for bridge railing posts and turbocharge
27、r compressor housings.A05140 514.0 320 S B26 QQ-A-601 Moderate strength; very high corrosion resistance.A05200 520.0 324 S B26 QQ-A-601 4240 High strength structural alloy; requires special foundry and heat treat practice; susceptible to stress corrosion failure.A05350 535.0 S B26 QQ-A-601 Excellent
28、 shock and corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, and machinability; used in computer components, frame sections, optical equipment, and applications where stress rupture is a factor.A07050 705.0 311 S B26 QQ-A-601 High strength general purpose alloy; excellent machinability and dimensional st
29、ability; high corrosion resistance; can be anodized.PM B108 QQ-A-596 A07070 707.0 312 S B26 QQ-A-601 Similar to alloy 705.0, but higher strength and lower ductility.PM B108 QQ-A-596 A07100 710.0 313 S B26 QQ-A-601 High strength general purpose alloy similar to alloys 705.0 and 707.0; easily polished
30、.A07120 712.0 310 S B26 QQ-A-601 General purpose structural castings developing strengths equivalent to alloy 295.0 without requiring heat treatment, but casting characteristics slightly poorer than alloy 295.0.A07130 713.0 315 S B26 QQ-A-601 Similar to alloy 710.0.PM B108 QQ-A-596 1. Ssand cast; PM
31、permanent mold; Ddie cast.TABLE 1TYPICAL USES OF SAE ALUMINUM CASTING ALLOYS AND SIMILAR SPECIFICATIONSAlloy DesignationsTypeofCasting (1)Similar SpecificationsTypical Uses andGeneral DataUNS ANSIFormerSAE ASTM Federal AMSSAE J452 Revised DEC2003-4-By aging the solution treated castings at higher te
32、mperature to a T7 condition, a product having more stableproperties in service at elevated temperatures and less likely to distort during machining is obtained.Occasionally, the artificial aging treatment is omitted and the castings are used in the quenched and naturallyaged condition (T4); at other
33、 times (especially in castings to be used at elevated temperatures) the solutiontreatment is omitted and the castings are merely stabilized or aged (T5). This type of thermal treatmentprovides a limited form of stress relief. Various combinations of properties can be secured by adjusting thethermal
34、treatments, but only the commonly used conditions form a part of the specification.4. Casting Type And AlloysSelectionMore liberal as-cast dimensional tolerances are employed for sandcastings than for permanent mold or die castings. Overall wall thickness and finish stock allowance are usuallygreate
35、r than for permanent mold or die casting. The process has the capability of producing parts with goodinternal soundness. Newly developed automated high-pressure sand molding methods allow large volumeproduction of sand castings. (Timing to get a new part into production is favorable due to lower too
36、ling timerequirements for sand equipment in comparison to the time required for hard molds and dies.)Permanent mold castings can be cast to close tolerances. For the same chemical composition, they haveslightly higher mechanical properties than sand castings. Disposable cores can be used to form bot
37、h internalor external cavities having pockets or undercuts that will not draw with metal cores. This type casting is calledsemi-permanent mold. The process has the capability of allowing castings with good internal soundness to beproduced.Semi and permanent mold parts are generally produced by one o
38、f two methods: gravity, in which metal ispoured into the mold, or low pressure, in which metal is forced into the mold from a sealed furnace by low-pressure air.The use of die castings for high-volume production of automotive parts has found wide application in thisindustry. Die castings can be held
39、 to much closer tolerances than either sand or permanent mold. Theprocess will permit thinner overall wall thickness and lesser amounts of finish stock thus resulting in a lowerweight part. Some holes can be cast within the limitations of the design and part orientation in the die. Thesurface of die
40、 castings is smooth if dies are well maintained, but sometimes can deteriorate with extensive dieusage. When surface finishing is required, this characteristic can be advantageous from a cost standpoint.The uniformity of dimensions, lower weight, and lesser finish stock permits lower costs of finish
41、 machiningoperations. This, coupled with lower as-cast weight, removal of gating with trim dies, high productivity castingrates, and use in the as-cast condition, usually results in die castings having very favorable costs incomparison to parts made by other processes even though tooling costs are m
42、ore expensive.Although test bar values for die cast alloys are, in general, high in tensile and yield due to their having beencast with a high chill rate, a lack of internal soundness of castings made from the alloy can result in lowerproperty levels. Injection of metal under high pressures through
43、thin gates which may cause inclusions,solidification phenomena, and actual casting design features unfavorable to producing sound areas, can resultin internal defects that reduce considerably the property level of actual parts from that of test bar values. It isextremely important that the producer
44、and the user of die castings cooperate very closely in the design,planning, and try out stages to obtain satisfactory quality in die-cast parts.SAE J452 Revised DEC2003-5-5. Pattern DesignIn the design of patterns for the production of aluminum alloy sand castings, a shrinkage isusually allowed Tabl
45、e 2A and may vary slightly depending upon the form and size of the casting. Producers ofcastings should also be consulted concerning the design of the pattern so that the best results may beobtained with the alloy to be used. The information provided in Table 2 is based on a study made by theAmerica
46、n Foundrymens Society.6. Chemical CompositionsChemical analysis shall be made in accordance with ASTM E 34, StandardMethods for Chemical Analysis of Aluminum and Aluminum Base Alloys, or any other approved method agreedupon by the manufacturer and the purchaser. The analysis may be made spectrograph
47、ically, provided that, incase of dispute, the results secured by the ASTM E 34 methods shall be the basis for acceptance.For purposes of determining conformance to limits indicated in Table 3, an observed or a calculated valueobtained from analysis is rounded off to the nearest unit in the last righ
48、t-hand place of figures used inexpressing the specified limit in accordance with the rounding method of ASTM E 29, Recommended Practicesfor Indicating Which Places of Figures are to be Considered Significant in Specifying Limiting Values.7. Mechanical And Physical PropertiesThe typical physical prop
49、erties of SAE casting alloys are shown inTable 4. The specified mechanical properties shown in this SAE Information Report are the values that shouldbe obtained from standard test specimens, separately cast under conditions that duplicate, as closely aspossible, the conditions of solidification of the casting, and tested without machining, except to adapt the endsto
