1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)
4、 Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org J901 REV. JAN2007 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE Issued 1964-06 Revised 2007-01 Superseding J901 DEC2000 Universal Joints and Driveshafts NomenclatureTerminologyApplication RATIONALE To keep up with current dri
5、veline technology. Additions are linkshaft (or intermediate shaft), monoblock tubular shaft, slip in tube driveshaft and the flex coupling joint. 1. SCOPE The following definitions and illustrations are intended to establish common nomenclature and terminology for universal joints and driveshafts us
6、ed in various driveline applications. In addition, useful guidelines are included for the application of universal joints and driveshafts. For more specific details, see Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual, AE-7. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Publication The following publication forms a par
7、t of this specification to the extent specified herein. 2.1.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AE-7 Universal Joint and Driveshaft Design Manual 3
8、. DEFINITIONS Basic Driveline Terms: 3.1 Driveline An assembly of one or more driveshafts with provisions for axial movement, which transmits torque and/or rotary motion at a fixed or varying angular relationship from one shaft to another. 3.2 Driveshaft An assembly of one or two universal joints co
9、nnected to a solid or tubular shaft member (see Figure 1). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 2 - 3.3 Halfshaft A driveshaft, normally one of two, that connects the chassis mounted final drive unit to the independently sprung driven wheel of a vehicle (see Figures 2 and 3). 3.3.1 Linkshaft An intermediate s
10、olid or tubular shaft that connects the final drive unit to a halfshaft inboard joint. It is supported by a bearing and bracket attached to the powertrain. It allows the use of equal length (and possible common) halfshafts and aids in equalizing inboard joint angles (see Figure 3.5). 3.4 Driveshaft
11、Length, Center-to-Center The distance between the outermost universal joint centers on a driveshaft. On driveshafts with fixed centers, it is the nominal dimension, while on driveshafts with variable length centers, it is the compressed and extended lengths (see Figure 1). 3.5 Slip The permissible l
12、ength of axial travel. 3.6 Stroke or Plunge Distance The relative axial displacement of an end motion or stroking universal joints driving and driven members. 3.7 Phase Angle The relative rotational position of the universal joint yokes on a driveshaft or driveline (see Figure 1). 3.8 Critical Speed
13、 The speed at which the rotational speed coincides with the transverse natural vibration frequency of the driveshaft. 3.9 Balancing A procedure by which the mass distribution of a rotating body is measured and, if necessary, altered in order to ensure that it is within specified limits. 3.10 Mass Da
14、mper A concentrated mass generally clamped on a halfshaft midway between the universal joints. It is used to reduce the natural bending frequency of the halfshaft below a disturbing frequency (see Figure 4). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 3 - SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 4 - FIGURE 1 - BASIC DRIVESHAFT CO
15、NSTRUCTIONS FIGURE 2 - TYPICAL FRONT-WHEEL-DRIVE HALFSHAFT WITH ALTERNATE INBOARD END MOTION UNIVERSAL JOINTS SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 5 - FIGURE 3 - TYPICAL REAR-WHEEL-DRIVE HALFSHAFT WITH END MOTION UNIVERSAL JOINTS (CROSS GROOVE TYPE SHOWN) FIGURE 3.5 - LINKSHAFT FIGURE 4 - AXLE SHAFT MOUNTED M
16、ASS DAMPER SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 6 - 3.11 Torsional Damper or Vibration Absorber A torsionally tuned mechanical device which generally consists of an inertia ring attached to a drivetrain component by means of an elastomeric inner ring. It is tuned to a specific disturbing frequency (see Figure
17、s 5 and 6). 3.12 Isolation Damper A mechanical torque transmitting device incorporated in a halfshaft which functions as a disturbance isolator. It eliminates, by means of an elastomeric inner ring or rings, undesirable throttle or shift induced noises or disturbances resulting from transaxle gear l
18、ash. This device is normally installed only on one halfshaft in a vehicle (see Figures 7 and 8). FIGURE 5 - TYPICAL TWO-JOINT OUTBOARD SLIP DRIVESHAFT SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 7 - FIGURE 6 - AXLE SHAFT MOUNTED TORSIONAL DAMPER FIGURE 7 - SPLIT AXLE SHAFT MOUNTED ISOLATION DAMPER FIGURE 8 - INBOARD
19、 CV JOINT MOUNTED ISOLATION DAMPER SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 8 - 4. BASIC UNIVERSAL JOINT TERMS 4.1 Universal Joint A mechanical device which can transmit torque and/or rotational motion from one shaft to another at fixed or varying angles of intersection of the shaft axes. 4.2 Nonconstant Velocity
20、 Universal Joint A universal joint which transmits rotational motion with a variation in angular velocity between the output and input members when operating at joint angles greater than zero. The average angular velocity ratio is unity (for example: the Cardan or Hooke joint). 4.3 Constant Velocity
21、 or CV Universal Joint A universal joint which transmits rotational motion with an angular velocity ratio of unity between output and input members (for example: the Rzeppa joint). 4.4 Near Constant Velocity Universal Joint A universal joint which transmits rotational motion with an angular velocity
22、 ratio of unity when operating at the design joint angle and at zero. When operating at other angles, the angular velocity ratio is near unity (for example: the double Cardan joint). 4.5 Self-Supporting Universal Joint A universal joint supported by internal means (for example: the Rzeppa joint). 4.
23、6 Nonself-Supporting Universal Joint A universal joint which requires an external means of support (for example: the formerly used Tracta joint). 4.7 Fixed Center Universal Joint A universal joint which maintains the joint center at a fixed location and can resist axial thrust forces (for example: t
24、he Cardan or Hooke joint). 4.8 End Motion or Stroking Universal Joint A universal joint which permits relative axial movement between input and output members resulting in a variable joint center location (for example: the tripot joint). 4.9 Outboard Joint A universal joint located at the wheel end
25、of a halfshaft (see Figure 2). 4.10 Inboard Joint A universal joint located at the differential or final drive end of a halfshaft (see Figure 2). 4.11 Joint Angle The acute angle described by the intersection of the rotational axes of the input and output members of a universal joint and measured in
26、 the plane described by these axes (see Figure 1). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 9 - 4.12 Swing Diameter The maximum diameter of the circular path described by a rotating universal joint (see Figure 1). 4.13 Constant Velocity, Bisecting Angle or Homokinetic Plane The plane described by all contact poin
27、ts of a universal joint which produces an angular velocity ratio of unity between the output and input members. This plane bisects the obtuse angle formed by the input and output member rotational axes and is perpendicular to the plane containing these axes. 4.14 Torsional Equivalent Angle The joint
28、 angle of a single nonconstant velocity universal joint which produces the same speed variation as a driveline with two or more nonconstant velocity universal joints. 4.15 Inertia Equivalent Angle The joint angle of a single nonconstant velocity universal joint which describes the inertia effects of
29、 a driveline. 4.16 Inertia Drive Equivalent Angle The joint angle of the first nonconstant velocity universal joint in a two-joint system. In a three-or-more-joint system, it is the joint angle of a single nonconstant velocity universal joint which produces the same maximum acceleration as the maxim
30、um of the sum of the accelerations of all but the last nonconstant velocity universal joint in the driveline. 4.17 Inertia Coast Equivalent Angle The joint angle of the last nonconstant velocity universal joint in a two-joint system. In a three-or-more-joint system, it is the joint angle of a single
31、 nonconstant velocity universal joint which produces the same maximum acceleration as the maximum of the sum of the accelerations of all but the first nonconstant velocity universal joint in the driveline. 4.18 Secondary Couple A bending moment on the driving and driven members of a universal joint
32、produced by an angular change in the direction of torque. It is a function of torque and joint angle. In a nonconstant velocity universal joint, the bending moment on the driving member oscillates from zero to maximum, while simultaneously on the driven member the moment varies from maximum to zero,
33、 twice per revolution. In a constant velocity universal joint, the bending moment on both driving and driven members is constant for all positions of joint rotation. 4.19 Bearing Factor A size characteristic for comparing the various size Cardan and double Cardan type universal joints relative to be
34、aring capacity. It is the product of the projected needle roller bearing area on the cross trunnion times the torque radius (see Figure 9). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 10 - FIGURE 9 - NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING AND CROSS CONFIGURATION 5. UNIVERSAL JOINTS 5.1 Nonconstant Velocity Types 5.1.1 Cardan or Hook
35、e Universal Joint A nonconstant velocity universal joint which consists of two yokes drivably connected by a cross through four bearings (see Figure 10). FIGURE 10 - CARDAN UNIVERSAL JOINT 5.1.1.1 Flexible Coupling Joint A near constant velocity joint which transfers torsional load through winding p
36、ackets that are vulcanized in rubber. The joint dampens vibrations, absorbs shock loads in the rotational, angular and axial directions and can be operated under a small deflection angle (see Figures 10.1 and 10.2). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 11 - SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 12 - 5.1.1.2 Yoke The bas
37、ic torque and/or motion input and output member with drivable means of attachment. 5.1.1.3 Slip Yoke A yoke which accommodates axial movement (see Figures 11 and 5). FIGURE 11 - SLIP YOKE 5.1.1.4 Tube or Weld Yoke A yoke with a piloting hub for attachment to a tube or other shaft member (see Figures
38、 12 and 5). FIGURE 12 - TUBE OR WELD YOKE SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 13 - 5.1.1.5 End Yoke A yoke which attaches a driveshaft to another drivetrain component (see Figures 13, 14, and 5). FIGURE 13 - END YOKE (WING BEARING TYPE) FIGURE 14 - END YOKE (ROUND BEARING TYPE) 5.1.1.6 Flange Yoke A yoke whi
39、ch attaches a driveshaft to a companion flange (see Figures 15 and 5). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 14 - FIGURE 15 - FLANGE YOKE 5.1.1.7 Companion Flange A flange member that fixedly attaches a driveshaft to another drivetrain component (see Figures 16 and 5). FIGURE 16 - COMPANION FLANGE 5.1.1.8 Ear
40、One of two projecting parts of a yoke symmetrically located with respect to the rotational axis (see Figure 11). 5.1.1.9 Hub The central part of a member used for attachment to another member (see Figure 11). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 15 - 5.1.1.10 Bearing Cross Hole A through hole in each ear of a
41、 yoke used to locate a round bearing (see Figure 11). 5.1.1.11 Half Round Cross Hole A semicircular hole located on the end of each ear of some end yoke designs (see Figures 14 and 5). 5.1.1.12 Bearing Locator A projection in a half round cross hole, of some end yoke designs, used to locate a round
42、bearing with respect to the yoke centerline (see Figure 14). 5.1.1.13 Retaining Ring Groove A groove used to locate a retaining ring (see Figure 11). 5.1.1.14 Retaining Ring A removable member used as a shoulder to retain and position a round bearing in a hole (see Figures 10, 17, and 5). 5.1.1.15 U
43、-Bolt A clamping type bolt with two threaded parallel legs used to retain a round bearing in some end yoke designs (see Figures 17 and 5). FIGURE 17 - BEARING AND RETAINER TYPES SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 16 - 5.1.1.16 Round Bearing Consists of a round bearing cup with needle rollers generally held
44、in place by a needle roller retainer or a bearing seal (see Figures 17 and 5). 5.1.1.17 Round Bearing Cup A cup-shaped member used as the bearing bore of a round bearing and for positioning the thrust end of a cross trunnion (see Figures 10 and 18). 5.1.1.18 Needle Roller One of the rolling elements
45、 of a bearing (see Figures 10 and 18). 5.1.1.19 Needle Roller Retainer A member used to retain needle rollers in a bearing. 5.1.1.20 Bearing Seal A flexible member which prevents the escape of lubricant from or entry of foreign matter into a bearing (see Figures 10, 19, and 18). 5.1.1.21 Deflector o
46、r Slinger A protective member whose function is to exclude foreign objects from the bearing seal (see Figures 13 and 18). 5.1.1.22 Seal Retainer A member used to hold a bearing seal in position on the bearing (see Figure 18). 5.1.1.23 Wing Bearing Consists of a wing bearing cup with needle rollers g
47、enerally held in place by a needle roller retainer or a bearing seal (see Figures 17 and 5). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 17 - FIGURE 18 - DOUBLE CARDAN UNIVERSAL JOINT SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 18 - FIGURE 19 - BEARING SEAL TYPES 5.1.1.24 Wing Bearing Cup A member with a key and projecting wings use
48、d as the bearing bore of a wing bearing and for positioning the thrust end of a cross trunnion. The low wing bearing type cup has thin flanged wings for attachment. The high wing or block bearing type cup has thick flanged wings for attachment. The delta wing bearing type cup has delta-shaped flange
49、d wings for attachment (see Figure 17). 5.1.1.25 Round Bearing (Retainer Plate Type) Consists of a round bearing with a generally integral retainer plate for retaining and positioning the bearing in a yoke (see Figure 17). 5.1.1.26 Strap A narrow plate type member used to retain a round bearing in some end yoke designs (see Figures 17 and 5). SAE J901 Revised JAN2007 - 19 - 5.1.1.27 Retaining Ring Face A surface used for positioning a round
