1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (412) 772-8512 FAX: (412) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (412) 776-4970 FAX: (412) 776-0790http:www.sae.orgCopyright 1989 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001STANDARDSubmitted for recognition as an American National StandardJ993REAF.JAN89Issued 19
4、67-07Reaffirmed 1989-01Superseding J993bALLOY AND TEMPER DESIGNATION SYSTEMS FOR ALUMINUMForewordThis Document has not changed other than to put it into the new SAE Technical Standards BoardFormat.1. ScopeThis standard provides systems for designating wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys,alu
5、minum and aluminum alloys in the form of castings and foundry ingot, and the tempers in which aluminumand aluminum alloy wrought products and aluminum alloy castings are produced.2. ReferencesThere are no referenced publications specified herein.3. Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Designation Sys
6、tem (See 6.1)A system of four-digit numericaldesignations is used to identify wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloys. The first digit indicates thealloy group as shown in Table 1. The last two digits identify the aluminum alloy or indicate the aluminum purity.The second digit indicates modific
7、ations of the original alloy or impurity limits.3.1 AluminumIn the 1xxx group for minimum aluminum purities of 99.00% and greater, the last two of the fourdigits in the designation indicate the minimum aluminum percentage (Note 5.2). These digits are the same asthe two digits to the right of the dec
8、imal point in the minimum aluminum percentage when it is expressed to thenearest 0.01%. The second digit in the designation indicates modifications in impurity limits. If the seconddigit in the designation is zero, it indicates that there is no special control on individual impurities; integers 1thr
9、ough 9, which are assigned consecutively as needed, indicate special control of one or more individualimpurities or alloying elements.SAE J993 Reaffirmed JAN89-2-3.2 Aluminum AlloyIn the 2xxx through 8xxx alloy groups, the last two of the four digits in the designation haveno special significance bu
10、t serve only to identify the different aluminum alloys in the group. The second digit inthe alloy designation indicates alloy modifications (See 6.3). If the second digit in the designation is zero, itindicates the original alloy; integers 1 through 9, which are assigned consecutively, indicate allo
11、y modifications.3.3 Experimental AlloysExperimental alloys are also designated in accordance with this system, but they areindicated by the prefix X. The prefix is dropped when the alloy is no longer experimental. During developmentand before they are designated as experimental, new alloys are ident
12、ified by serial numbers assigned by theiroriginators. Use of the serial number is discontinued when the X number is assigned.3.4 National VariationsNational variations (see 6.4) of wrought aluminum and wrought aluminum alloysregistered by another country in accordance with this system are identified
13、 by a serial letter (see Section 5)before the numerical designation.TABLE 1DESIGNATION SYSTEM FOR WROUGHT ALUMINUM AND ALUMINUM ALLOYComposition Alloy No.Aluminum, 99.0% min and greater 1xxxAluminum alloys grouped by major alloying element (1) (2)(3)1. For codification purposes, an alloying element
14、is any ele-ment which is intentionally added for any purpose other than grain refinement and for which minimum and maxi-mum limits are specified.2. Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities are expressed to the following places: Less than 1/1000%0.000X1/1000 up to 1/100%0.00X1/100 up to 1
15、/10%Unalloyed aluminum mode by a refining process0.0XXAlloys and unalloyed aluminum not made by a refining process0.0X1/10 through 1/2% 0.XXOver 1/2%0.X, X.X, etc.3.Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities are expressed in the following sequence: silicon; iron; copper; manganese; magnesi
16、um; chromium; nickel; zinc (Note 1); titanium; other elements (each); other elements (Total); aluminum (Note 2).NOTEAdditional specified elemnts having imits are inserted in alphabetical order of their chemical symbols between zinc and titanium, or are specified in footnotes.NOTEAluminum is specifie
17、d as minimum for unalloyed aluminum, and as a remainder for aluminum alloys.Copper 2xxxManganese 3xxxSilicon 4xxxMagnesium 5xxxMagnesium and silicon 6xxxZinc 7xxxOther element 8xxxUnused series 9xxxSAE J993 Reaffirmed JAN89-3-4. Cast Aluminum And Aluminum Alloy Designation System 1 (See 6.1)A system
18、 of four-digit numericaldesignations is used to identify aluminum and aluminum alloys in the form of castings and foundry ingot. Thefirst digit indicates the alloy group, as shown in Table 2. The second two digits identify the aluminum alloy orindicate the aluminum purity. The last digit, which is s
19、eparated from the others by a decimal point, indicatesthe product form, that is, castings or ingot. A modification of the original alloy or impurity limits is indicated by aserial letter (see 6.6) before the numerical designation.4.1 Aluminum Castings and IngotIn the 1xx.x group for minimum aluminum
20、 purities of 99.00% and greater,the second two of the four digits in the designation indicate the minimum aluminum percentage (see 6.2).These digits are the same as the two digits to the right of the decimal point in the minimum aluminumpercentage when it is expressed to the nearest 0.01%. The last
21、digit, which is to the right of the decimal point,indicates the product form: 1xx.0 indicates castings, and 1xx.1 indicates ingot. Special control of one or moreindividual elements other than aluminum is indicated by a serial letter (see 6.6) before the numericaldesignation.4.2 Aluminum Alloy Castin
22、gs and IngotIn the 2xx.x through 9xx.x alloy groups, the second two of the fourdigits in the designation have no special significance but serve only to identify the different aluminum alloys inthe group. The last digit, which is to the right of the decimal point, indicates the product form: xxx.0 in
23、dicatescastings, xxx.1 indicates ingot which has chemical composition limits conforming to 3.2.1, and xxx.2 indicatesingot which has chemical composition limits that differ but fall within the limits for xxx.1 ingot. Alloymodifications (Note 5.3) are indicated by a serial letter (see 6.9) before the
24、 numerical designation.4.2.1 Limits for alloying elements and impurities for xxx.1 ingot are the same as for the alloy in the form of castings,except for the limits noted in Table 3.1. The castings and ingot alloy designation system described herein is not currently in use for some SAE cast aluminum
25、 alloys. It is applicable to Aluminum Association (AA) and American National Standards Institute (ANSI), and other, specification systems. Although the chemical compo-sition limits shown in most SAE reports conform to the limits shown for comparable castings and ingots covered in AA and ANSI publica
26、tions, the designation system described herein is not currently used in SAE Standards and Information Reports.SAE J993 Reaffirmed JAN89-4-4.3 Experimental AlloysExperimental alloys are also designated in accordance with this system, but they areindicated by the prefix X. The prefix is dropped when t
27、he alloy is no longer experimental. During developmentand before they are designated as experimental, new alloys are identified by serial numbers assigned by theiroriginators. Use of the serial number is discontinued when the X number is assigned.TABLE 2DESIGNATION SYSTEM FOR CAST ALUMINUM AND ALUMI
28、NUM ALLOYComposition Alloy No.Aluminum, 99.00% min and greater 1xx.xAluminum alloy group by major alloying element (1) (2)(3)1. For codification purposes, an alloying element is any ele-ment which is intentionally added for any purpose other than grain refinement and for which minimum and maxi-mum l
29、imits are specified.2. Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities are expressed to the following places: Less than 1/1000% 0.000X1/1000 up to 1/100% 0.00X1/100 up to 1/10%Unalloyed aluminum made by a refining process 0.0XXAlloys and unalloyed aluminum not made by a refining process 0.0X1/1
30、0 through 1/2% 0.XXOver 1/2% 0.X, X.X, etc.3. Standard limits for alloying elements and impurities are expressed in the following sequence: silicon; iron; copper; manganese; magnesium; chromium; nickel; zinc (see Note 1); titanium; other elements (each); other elements (Total); aluminum (see Note 2)
31、.NOTEAdditional specified elements having limits are inserted in alphabetical order of their chemical symbols between zinc and titanium, or are specified in footnotes.NOTEAluminum is specified as minimum for unalloyed aluminum, and as a remainder for aluminum alloys.Copper 2xx.xSilicon, with added c
32、opper and/or magnesium 3xx.xSilicon 4xx.xMagnesium 5xx.xZinc 7xx.xTin 8xx.xOther element 9xx.xUnused series 6xx.xSAE J993 Reaffirmed JAN89-5-5. Temper Designation SystemThe temper designation system is used for all forms of wrought and castaluminum and aluminum alloys except ingot. It is based on th
33、e sequences of basic treatments used to producethe various tempers. The temper designation follows the alloy designation, the two being separated by ahyphen. Basic temper designations consist of letters. Subdivisions of the basic tempers, where required, areindicated by one or more digits following
34、the letter. These designate specific sequences of basic treatments;but, only operations recognized as significantly influencing the characteristics of the product are indicated.Should some other variation of the same sequence of basic operations be applied to the same alloy, resultingin different ch
35、aracteristics, then additional digits are added to the designation.5.1 Basic Temper DesignationsF As FabricatedApplies to the products of shaping processes in which no special control over thermalconditions or strain-hardening is employed. For wrought products, there are no mechanical propertylimits
36、.O Annealed (Wrought Products Only)Applies to wrought products which are fully annealed to obtain thelowest strength condition.H Strain Hardened (Wrought Products Only)Applies to products which have their strength increased bystrain-hardening, with or without supplementary thermal treatments to prod
37、uce some reduction instrength. The H is always followed by two or more digits.W Solution Heat-TreatedAn unstable temper applicable only to alloys which spontaneously age at roomtemperature after solution heat-treatment. This designation is specific only when the period of naturalaging is indicated;
38、for example, W 1/2 hour.T Thermally Treated to Produce Stable Tempers Other Than F, O, or HApplies to products which arethermally treated, with or without supplementary strain-hardening, to produce stable tempers. The T isalways followed by one or more digits.TABLE 3Element, % For Castings For Ingot
39、Iron, max Sand and permanent mold:Up thru 0.15Over 0.15 thru 0.25Over 0.25 thru 0.6Over 0.6 thru 1.0Over 1.00.03 less than castings0.05 less than castings0.10 less than castings0.2 less than castings0.3 less than castingsDieUp thru 1.3Over 1.30.3 less than castings1.1 maximumMagnesium, min AllLess t
40、han 0.500.5 and greater 0.05 more than castings (1)1. Applicable only when the specified magnesium range forcastings is greater than 0.15%.0.1 more than castings1Zinc, max DieOver 0.25 thru 0.6Over 0.60.10 less than castings0.1 less than castingsSAE J993 Reaffirmed JAN89-6-5.2 Subdivisions of Basic
41、Tempers5.2.1 SUBDIVISIONS OF H TEMPER: STRAIN HARDENED5.2.1.1 The first digit following the H indicates the specific combination of basic operations, as follows:H1 Strain Hardened OnlyApplies to products which are strain hardened to obtain the desired strengthwithout supplementary thermal treatment.
42、 The number following this designation indicates the degreeof strain hardening.H2 Strain Hardened and Partially AnnealedApplies to products which are strain hardened more than thedesired final amount and then reduced in strength to the desired level by partial annealing. For alloysthat age soften at
43、 room temperature, the H2 tempers have the same minimum ultimate tensile strengthas the corresponding H3 tempers. For other alloys, the H2 tempers have the same minimum ultimatetensile strength as the corresponding H1 tempers and slightly higher elongation. The number followingthis designation indic
44、ates the degree of strain hardening remaining after the product has been partiallyannealed.H3 Strain Hardened and StabilizedApplies to products which are strain hardened and whose mechanicalproperties are stabilized by a low-temperature thermal treatment which results in slightly loweredtensile stre
45、ngth and improved ductility. This designation is applicable only to those alloys which,unless stabilized, gradually age soften at room temperature. The number following this designationindicates the degree of strain hardening before the stabilization treatment.5.2.1.2 The digit following the designa
46、tions H1, H2, and H3 indicates the degree of strain hardening. Numeral 8has been assigned to indicate tempers having an ultimate tensile strength equivalent to that achieved by acold reduction (temperature during reduction not to exceed 120F (49C) of approximately 75% followinga full anneal. Tempers
47、 between 0 (annealed) and 8 are designated by numerals 1 through 7. Materialhaving an ultimate tensile strength about midway between that of the 0 temper and that of the 8 temper isdesignated by the numeral 4; about midway between the 0 and 4 tempers by the numeral 2; and aboutmidway between the 4 a
48、nd 8 tempers by the numeral 6. Numeral 9 designates tempers whose minimumultimate tensile strength exceeds that of the 8 temper by 2.0 ksi (14 MPa) or more. For two-digit H temperswhose second digit is odd, the standard limits for ultimate tensile strength are exactly midway betweenthose of the adja
49、cent two-digit H tempers whose second digits are even.NOTEFor alloys which cannot be cold reduced, an amount sufficient to establish an ultimate tensilestrength applicable to the 8 temper (75% cold reduction after full anneal), the 6 temper tensilestrength may be established by a cold reduction of approximately 55% following a full anneal, or the 4temper tensile strength may be established by a cold reduction of approximately 35% after a fullanneal.5.2.1.3 The third digit (Note 10), when used, indicates a variation of a two-digit temper. It is used
