1、 _ 6$(7HFKQLFDO6WDQGDUGV%RDUG5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSX EOLVKHG by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is t
2、he sole responsibility RIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2016 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
3、 be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA
4、) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2807_201602 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J FEB2016 Issued 2008-04 Revised 2016-02 Supe
5、rseding J2807 MAY2013 Performance Requirements for Determining Tow-Vehicle Gross Combination Weight Rating and Trailer Weight Rating RATIONALE This document is being revised primarily to expand scope, purpose, standard and exemplar trailer sections and to amend handling requirements and TWR calculat
6、ions. FOREWORD Light truck, minivan, sport utility and crossover vehicles represent a significant portion of the North American vehicle mix, and trailering usage of these vehicles has increased. Heavier duty models, approaching medium duty trucks and often intended for trailering, have become more p
7、opular as well. Some passenger cars are also rated to tow trailers. For many vehicles, trailer weight rating may be a major marketing point. As trailer weight ratings have increased, engine characteristics like horsepower and torque, thermal performance and driveline durability are no longer the onl
8、y significant factors in determining trailering capability. Combination vehicle dynamics and tow-vehicle hitch/attachment structure have gained in significance. This document defines procedures and requirements to determine Gross Combination Weight Rating (GCWR) and calculate corresponding Trailer W
9、eight Rating (TWR) for any tow-vehicle. These procedures will establish consistent rating requirements and processes so end users (customers) can reasonably compare similar class models in terms of trailering ability. 1. SCOPE This document establishes minimum performance criteria at GCWR and calcul
10、ation methodology to determine tow-vehicle TWR for passenger cars, multipurpose passenger vehicles and trucks. This includes all vehicles up to 14000 lb GVWR. 1.1 Purpose This document establishes tow-vehicle performance requirements for combination vehicle acceleration, gradeability, understeer, tr
11、ailer sway response, braking and park brake at GCWR, and tow-vehicle hitch/attachment structure at TWR. In order to minimize test variations, it provides standard test trailer specifications and requirements for use in these tests. It is acknowledged that there are a wide variety of conditions exper
12、ienced while trailering which cannot be completely DGGUHVVHGZLWKLQWKLVGRFXPHQWDQGLQQRZDLVWKLVGRFXPHQWLQWHQGHGWRHVWDE OLVKRUOLPLWPDQXIDFWXUHUVGHVLJQVRUinstructions to the customer. This document provides equations to determine TWR from GCWR in conjunction with other vehicle ratings and defined vehicl
13、e weight conditions and dimensions. Vehicles rated under this document are subject to normal production variation and it is intended that most vehicles of a specific model that is marketed as meeting SAE Recommended Practice J2807 shall meet the performance requirements in this standard. SAE INTERNA
14、TIONAL -FEB2016 Page 2 of 29 As a secondary purpose, this document may be used as a benchmark to qualify the performance of a specific trailer design. 7KHWRZYHKLFOHDQGWUDLOHUVHWXSFULWHULDVKRXOGIROORZWKHWUDLOHUPDQXIDFWXUHUVVSHFLILFDWL RQVZKHQXVHGIRUWKLVSXUSRVH, and may differ from the setup criteria
15、required by the sections below. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 4
16、00 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J266 Steady-State Directional Control Test Procedures for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks SAE J684 Trailer Couplings, Hitches, and Safety Chains - Automotive
17、 Type SAE J1491 Vehicle Acceleration Measurement SAE J2638 Fifth Wheel and Gooseneck Attachment Performance Up to 13 608/kg (30 000/lb) Trailer GVW SAE J2664 Trailer Sway Response Test Procedure 2.1.2 ISO Publications Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New Yor
18、k, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO 4138 Passenger cars - Steady-state circular driving behaviour - Open-loop test methods ISO 7401 Road vehicles - Lateral transient response test methods - Open-loop test methods 2.1.3 EEC/ECE Regulations ECE Regulations available from United Nati
19、ons Economic Commission for Europe, Palais des Nations, CH-1211, Geneva 10, Switzerland, Tel: 41-0-22-917-12-34, www.unece.org. EEC Regulations available from Automotive Industry, European Commission, B-1049 Brussels Belgium, Tel: 32-2-299-96-96, www.ec.europa.eu. 92/21/EEC Masses and Dimensions of
20、Motor Vehicles of Category M1, as amended by Directive 95/48/EC ECE R13H Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Passenger Cars with Regard to Braking 2.1.4 United States Government Federal Safety Standards Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700
21、 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/. Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 105 Hydraulic and Electric Brake Systems Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 135 Passenger Car Brake Systems SAE INTERNATIONAL -FEB2016 Page 3 of 29 2.2 Related Pu
22、blications The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-7
23、76-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J134 Brake System Road Test Code - Passenger Car and Light-Duty Truck-Trailer Combinations SAE J135 Service Brake System Performance Requirements - Passenger Car-Trailer Combinations SAE J670 Vehicle Dynamics Terminology 2.2.2 ISO Publications Available from A
24、merican National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org. ISO/TR 4114 Road vehicles - Caravans and light trailers - Static load on ball couplings ISO 8855 Road vehicles - Vehicle dynamics and road-holding ability - Vocabulary ISO 9815 Road v
25、ehicles - Passenger-car and trailer combinations - Lateral stability test 2.2.3 United States Government Office of the Federal Register Publications Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpoaccess.gov/c
26、fr/retrieve.html. Title 40 CFR, Section 86.1832-01 Optional Equipment and Air Conditioning for Test Vehicles Title 49 CFR, Section 393.52 Brake Performance 2.2.4 Other Publications 2.2.4.1 SAE Papers Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-73
27、23 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. Klein, R., Johnston, D., and Szostak, H., “Effects of Trailer Hookup Practices on Passenger Car Handling and Braking,“ SAE Technical Paper 780012, 1978 Klein, R.H. and Szostak, H.T., “Determination of Trailer Stability Through
28、 Simple Analytical Methods and Test Procedures,“ SAE Technical Paper 790186, 1979 Klein, R.H. and Szostak, H.T., “Development of Maximum Allowable Hitch Load Boundaries for Trailer Towing,“ SAE Technical Paper 800157, 1980 SAE INTERNATIONAL -FEB2016 Page 4 of 29 2.2.4.2 NHTSA Technical Reports Avail
29、able from NHTSA, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20590, Tel: 1-888-327-4236, www.nhtsa.gov. Handling Test Procedures for Passenger Cars Pulling Trailers, Vol. I: Summary Report, Vol. II: Technical Report, Vol. III: Appendices, NHTSA DOT HS-801-935, 936 and 937, June 1976, NTIS: PB-256 071
30、, 072, 073 Development of Car/Trailer Handling and Braking Standards, Vol. I: Executive Summary, Vol. II: Technical Report for Phase I - Rear Wheel Drive Tow Cars, Vol. III: Appendices for Phase I, Vol. IV: Technical Report for Phase II - Front Wheel Drive Tow Cars, NHTSA DOT HS-805 326, 327, 328 an
31、d 329, Nov. 1979 Effects of Weight Distributing Hitch Torque on Car-Trailer Directional Control and Braking, NHTSA DOT HS-803 246, 1977 2.2.4.3 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Publications Available from AASHTO, 444 North Capitol Street, NW, Suite 249, Was
32、hington, DC 20001, Tel: 202-624-5800, www.transportation.org. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 4th Edition, 2001 effective tongue length consideration is required only for dynamics testing. Trailers to be used for dynamics purposes should be equipped with limited optional equipm
33、ent in order to minimize trailer weight and maximize ballast flexibility. Additional trailer, hitch connection and ballast requirements for testing various performance attributes (propulsion, handling and braking) may be found in those specific sections. The frontal area requirements account for ent
34、ire trailer frontal silhouette to the ground plane. 4.1.1 Trailer Size/Shape Table 1 - Standard trailer requirements Trailer Type TWR Requirement Axle(s) Maximum Effective Tongue Length Tire Brand/Size/ Pressure Minimum Frontal Area A Conventional NJ OE Single 2.1 m (83 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial
35、ST175/80R13C 345 kPa (50 psi) or Duro Bias ST175/80D13C 345 kPa (50 psi) 1.11 m2 (12 ft2) B Conventional kg (2000 lb) Single 2.7 m (106 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST205/75R15C 345 kPa (50 psi) 1.86 m2 (20 ft2) C Conventional NJ lb) Single 2.7 m (106 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST205/75R15C 345 kP
36、a (50 psi) 2.79 m2 (30 ft2) D Conventional NJ lb) Tandem 4.2 m (165 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST205/75R15C 345 kPa (50 psi) 3.72 m2 (40 ft2) E Conventional NJ lb) Tandem 4.2 m (165 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST205/75R15C 345 kPa (50 psi) 5.11 m2 (55 ft2) F Conventional NJ lb) Tandem 5.0 m (196
37、in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST225/75R15D 540 kPa (65 psi) 5.57 m2 (60 ft2) G Conventional 5897 kg (13 000 lb) Tandem 5.7 m (224 in) Goodyear Marathon Radial ST235/80R16D 540 kPa (65 psi) 5.57 m2 (60 ft2) H Conventional NJ lb) Tandem/Triple 6.55 m (258 in) Goodyear G114 Unisteel 215/75R17.5H 865 kPa
38、 (125 psi) 5.57 m2 (60 ft2) J Fifth Wheel or Gooseneck NJ 000 lb) Tandem/Triple 10.7 m (420 in) Commensurate with trailer Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) 6.97 m2 (75 ft2) K Conventional NJ 000 lb) Triple 6.4 m (252 in) Goodyear G114 Unisteel 215/75R17.5H 865 kPa (125 psi) 5.57 m2 (60 ft2) L Fifth Wh
39、eel or Gooseneck 10886 kg (24 000 lb) Tandem/Triple 10.7 m (420 in) Commensurate with trailer Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) Not specified :LWKWKHHFHSWLRQRIWUDLOHUVGHILQHGEURZV$DQG/DERYHWUDLOHUVVKRXO GDOOEHFDUJR ER WSHZLWKIODWYHUWLFDOI ront wall and corner radii no more than 152.4 mm (6 in). Refere
40、nce Appendix A for trailer exemplars that meet these requirements. Trailers A and L are flatbed trailers. SAE INTERNATIONAL -FEB2016 Page 7 of 29 4.1.2 Trailer Chassis Torsion or leaf spring suspensions are acceptable. Tire size and type shall be as specified by the trailer manufacturer with maximum
41、 load capacity consistent with trailer GAWR. Tire load capacities are defined in the Tire and Rim Association Yearbook. Tires should be inflated to maximum sidewall pressure, have a minimum tread depth of 3.97 mm (5/32 in) and be in good condition. Trailer brakes are required at all wheels of traile
42、rs with GVWR of 1361 kg (3000 lb) or more. 4.1.3 Trailer Ballast Unless otherwise specified, all performance tests in this document shall be run with the tow-vehicle/trailer combination ballasted to a miniPXPRIWKHDSSURSULDWH* react loads throughout test SAE J2638 Tow-vehicle Structural Durability (g
43、ooseneck hitch) Ability to attain loads throughout test No loss of attachment; react loads throughout test SAE J2638 4.2.2 Test Tow-vehicle Structure Selection The tow-vehicle structure shall be the least capable required to produce the maximum TWR under test. In the case where multiple models (body
44、 style, wheelbase, GVWR, etc.) or multiple chassis packages within a model share similar structures, it is the responsibility of the tow-vehicle tester to choose the appropriate structure to test to the maximum TWR of the model group. SAE INTERNATIONAL -FEB2016 Page 8 of 29 4.3 Tow-vehicle Propulsio
45、n System Performance This section defines tow-vehicle propulsion system performance requirements at GCWR. This section should be used to determine any or all of the following GCWR limits: conventional trailer GCWR, fifth wheel GCWR and/or gooseneck trailer GCWR. 4.3.1 Propulsion System Performance R
46、equirement Summary The tow-vehicle propulsion and thermal management systems, in conjunction with appropriate test trailer(s) per 4.1, shall be capable of meeting certain acceleration, launch and gradeability requirements for the specified GCWR. The following table summarizes metrics, requirements and test methods for specific performance attributes. Table 3 - Tow-vehicle propulsion requirements Performance Attribute Performance Metric Requirement Test Procedu
