1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments andsuggestions.Copyright 2016 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this public
3、ation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outs
4、ide USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2990/1_201606SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ2990-1 JUN2016Issued 2016-06Gaseous Hydrogen
5、 and Fuel Cell Vehicle First and Second ResponderRecommended PracticeRATIONALEMany countries are adopting goals to increase the use of alternative fuels for vehicles, including hydrogen. The use of this alternative fuel in the automotive sector creates additional procedures that are not already addr
6、essed in SAE J2990 associated with the hydrogen storage systems and potential leakage of flammable gas. First and second responders must take special measures when working around hydrogen vehicles, regardless of their condition. Considerable work is needed to develop common and consistent procedures
7、 for emergency responders across the automotive industry towing, storage, repair, and salvage personnel.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE 31.1 Purpose. 32. REFERENCES 32.1 Applicable Documents 32.2 SAE Publications. 32.3 ISO Documents. 32.4 Other Documents 33. DEFINITIONS . 44. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR H2V IDENT
8、IFICATION 54.1 Background . 54.2 Identification Methods . 54.3 Exterior Badging 54.4 Interior Badging. 54.5 Badging Design. 64.5.1 Hydrogen Vehicles 64.5.2 Fuel Cell Vehicles . 64.6 Hydrogen Component Badging Design 64.6.1 Hydrogen Storage System 64.6.2 Hydrogen Receptacle 75. DISABLING RECOMMENDATI
9、ONS FOR HYDROGEN SYSTEM 75.1 Hydrogen System Disabling Background . 75.2 High Voltage System Disabling Summary 85.3 Hydrogen System Design Considerations 8SAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1 JUN2016 Page 2 of 336. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR H2V EMERGENCY DOCUMENTATION. 86.1 Emergency Response Documentation Backgroun
10、d . 86.2 ERG Recommendations . 96.2.1 Consultation with Responders 96.2.2 Quick Reference Sheet (QRS) 96.2.3 Standardized Graphics 107. H2V INCIDENTS. 107.1 Background . 107.2 Potential Hazards of Damaged H2Vs . 107.3 Damaged H2V Storage Isolation Recommendations . 118. ON-SCENE H2V INSPECTION PROCE
11、DURES . 118.1 Active Fire or Smoldering 118.2 Evidence of Leaking Gas 118.3 Evidence of Severe CHSS Damage (Tank and Tank Valve) . 118.4 Vehicle Identified as an xEV or High Voltage System is Evident . 128.5 Ensure Hydrogen System is Disabled 128.6 Evidence of Fuel System Components and Fuel Lines D
12、amage . 128.7 Evidence of Fire or Heat Damage. 128.8 Evidence of Liquid Leaks 128.9 Completed Inspection . 128.10 Vehicle Structure Integrity During Loading and Transit 129. H2V POST INCIDENT INSPECTION PROCUDURES 139.1 Active Fire or Smoldering 139.2 Evidence of Leaking Gas 139.3 Evidence of Severe
13、 CHSS Damage (Tank and Tank Valve) . 139.4 Vehicle Identified as an xEV or High Voltage System is Evident . 149.5 Ensure Hydrogen System is Disabled 149.6 CHSS TPRD Release . 149.7 CHSS Defueling 149.8 Evidence of Fuel System Components and Fuel Lines Damage . 149.9 Evidence of Fire or Heat Damage.
14、149.10 Evidence of Vehicle Submersion 149.11 Evidence of Liquid Leaks 149.12 Vehicle with Diagnostic Technical Codes (DTC) 159.13 Completed Inspection . 1510. NOTES 1510.1 Revision Indicator 15APPENDIX A H2V CHSS EXAMPLES 16APPENDIX B HYDROGEN FUEL LABELING EXAMPLES 17APPENDIX C EXAMPLES OF HYDROGEN
15、 VEHICLE BADGING. 19APPENDIX D EXAMPLE EMERGENCY RESPONSE QUICK REFERENCE SHEETS 23APPENDIX E ON-SCENE H2V INSPECTION PROCEDURES . 30APPENDIX F H2V POST INCIDENT INSPECTION FLOW CHART 31APPENDIX G ERG RESOURCES. 32APPENDIX H RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FUTURE DOCUMENTS 33SAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1 JUN2016 Pa
16、ge 3 of 331. SCOPEElectric and alternative fueled vehicles present different hazards for first and second responders than conventional gasolineinternal combustion engines. Hydrogen vehicles (H2V) including Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) involved in incidents may present unique hazards associated with the
17、 fuel storage and high voltage systems. The electrical hazards associated with the high voltage systems of hybrid-electric vehicles and FCVs are already addressed in the parent document, SAE J2990. This Recommended Practice therefore addresses electric issues by reference to SAE J2990 and supplement
18、s SAE J2990 to address the potential consequences associated with hydrogen vehicle incidents and suggest common procedures to help protect emergency responders, tow and/or recovery, storage, repair, and salvage personnel after an incident has occurred. Industry design standards and tools were studie
19、d and where appropriate, suggested for responsible organizations to implement.1.1 PurposeThis SAE Recommended Practice (RP) provides guidelines and education to first and second responders of incidents associated with hydrogen vehicles (H2V), including fuel cell vehicles (FCVs). The RP is not intend
20、ed to replace an emergency response guide (ERG) or to be referenced at the scene of an emergency incident. Automotive OEMs are encouraged to reference this RP for industry design guidance when creating vehicle requirements and ERGs.2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsNOTE: Users should ensure that
21、the latest revision and legislative updates of these documents is being referenced. The following publications are provided for information purposes only and are not a required part of this document. Each was used by task force as a reference source during the development of this working document.2.
22、2 SAE PublicationsAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.orgSAE J2990 Hybrid and EV First and Second Responder Recommended PracticeSAE J2754 Fuel Cell Vehicle TerminologySAE
23、 J2578 Recommended Practice for General Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety2.3 ISO DocumentsAvailable from International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41-22-749-01-11, www.iso.org.ISO 17840-1: 2015 Road vehicles Information for first
24、 and second responders Part 1: Rescue sheet for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles2.4 Other Documents2012 Emergency Response Guidebook A Guidebook for First Responders During Initial Phase of a Dangerous Goods/ Hazardous Materials Transportation IncidentAvailable from the US Department of
25、Transportation (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) website at http:/phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/ergSAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1 JUN2016 Page 4 of 333. DEFINITIONSExcept as noted below, all definitions are in accordance with SAE J2754.3.1 Compressed Hydrogen Storage Sys
26、tem (CHSS) Consists of the pressurized containment vessel(s), Pressure Relief Devices (PRDs), shut off device(s), and all components, fittings and fuel lines between the containment vessel(s) and these shut off device(s) that isolate the stored hydrogen from the remainder of the fuel system and the
27、environment3.2 DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODE (DTC)Information provided by an on-board diagnostic system for operators and repair technicians.3.3 EMERGENCY RESPONDER (ER)Personnel responsible for mitigation activities in a medical, fire, or hazardous materials incident or a natural disaster.3.4 EMERGENCY R
28、ESPONSE GUIDE (ERG)Summary of steps to perform in emergency situations involving a vehicle or hazardous materials.NOTE: There is a hazardous materials ERG independent of ERGs produced by automotive OEMs.3.5 FIRST RESPONDERSInclude but not limited to fire department, rescue squads, emergency medical,
29、 law enforcement, and in some instances military where the personnel are trained in assessing and treating injuries.3.6 FUEL CELL MODULE OR STACKFuel cell modules are comprised of one or more fuel cell stacks; connections for conducting fuels, oxidants, and exhausts; electrical connections for the p
30、ower delivered by the stacks; and means for monitoring and/or control. Additionally, fuel cellmodules may incorporate means for conducting additional fluids (e.g., cooling media, inert gas), means for detecting normal and/or abnormal operating conditions, enclosures or pressure vessels, and ventilat
31、ion systems.3.7 HYDROGEN VEHICLE (H2V)A surface vehicle whose primary fuel source is hydrogen.3.8 THERMALLY ACTIVATED PRESSURE RELIEF DEVICE (TPRD)A device that, when activated under specified thermal conditions, is used to vent the container contents.3.9 KEY FOBA small hardware device with built in
32、 authentication mechanism; for example, keyless entry and security for a vehicle.3.10 QUICK REFERENCE SHEET (QRS)A condensed version of an ERG, usually consisting of no more than two pages, and including the most pertinent of information for vehicle fire and patient rescue.SAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1
33、JUN2016 Page 5 of 333.11 SECOND RESPONDERSInclude but not limited to tow/recovery personnel, vehicle storage operators, repair/ service technicians, dismantlers and auto salvage personnel.3.12 SUPPLEMENTARY RESTRAINT SYSTEM (SRS)The passive vehicle occupant safety systems in a vehicle (e.g., airbags
34、) which supplement the use of seat belts. 4. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR H2V IDENTIFICATION4.1 BackgroundH2V identification is necessary to provide first and second responders with information to clearly, accurately, and reliably determine that a given vehicle encountered at an unplanned incident (collision
35、, fire, water submersion, etc.) contains a CHSS. SAE J2578 provides vehicle requirements related to FCV safety and includes H2V identification recommendations for the vehicle manufacturer to properly badge a vehicle. SAE J2990-1 focuses on providing the H2V identification information which is consid
36、ered critical to an emergency responder at an accident. Furthermore, many H2Vs will contain high voltage, and the identification requirements of electrified vehicles (xEVs) are described in SAE J2990.4.2 Identification MethodsThere are several means an emergency responder can use to identify an H2V
37、including interior and exterior badging, and key components, such as, the hydrogen storage system and hydrogen receptacle. However, badging is critical to allow a responder to identify the vehicle as they approach the vehicle, so they can make tactical adjustments.4.3 Exterior BadgingAt an unplanned
38、 incident, the initial and most important means for first or second responders to identify that a vehicle contains hydrogen systems should be through the use of compliant badges that are placed at standardized and consistent locations on the exterior of the H2V. Manufacturers can identify an H2V in
39、one of two methods:When an H2V has one exterior badge, it should be located at an exterior location, rear surface of the vehicle, such as the trunk, hatchback, or lift gate, but not on the bumper, so as to be clearly visible upon approach to the rear of the H2V.When an H2V has three exterior badges,
40、 they should include the location described above and one on each side of the vehicle. One on the left side and one on the right side of the vehicle such as the front fender, front door panel, or roof pillar trim, that allows the H2V badging to be clearly seen upon approaching either the left or rig
41、ht side of the H2V.Additional H2V exterior badging is possible on the front surface of the vehicle, as well as, at additional exterior locations.4.4 Interior BadgingWhen only one exterior H2V badge is provided, an interior H2V marker can also exist. The interior badge is often located in a position
42、where it can be seen when first responders are turning OFF the ignition system of any vehicle involved in an incident.The interior marker on the H2V should be a durable emblem or insignia securely affixed at a location visible from the driver or passenger window near the key ignition switch or the S
43、tart or power button on the instrument panel, console, or steering column. An alternate location for the interior H2V marker is on one side/surface of the drivers sun visor if said location allows conformance with applicable FMVSS 208 Standard or similar regulations. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1 JUN201
44、6 Page 6 of 334.5 Badging Design H2Vs can have several variations, including internal combustion, fuel cell, fuel cell hybrid, etc. Therefore, emergency responders and vehicle designers should be aware that the badge design can include any or all of the designs listed in Sections 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 Add
45、itionally, if the H2V is also an electric vehicle (for example, an electric hybrid), the badging defined in SAE J2990 should also be reviewed for implementation to apprise emergency responders of potential high voltage hazards.In lieu of the designs listed below, automotive manufacturers may use a u
46、nique symbol, word or name plate or a nationally/internationally approved symbol as their exterior badging. Current examples of badging are shown in Appendix C.4.5.1 Hydrogen VehiclesBadging design for H2Vs should clearly contain in its design one of the following:1. The word HYDROGEN or letters H22
47、. The words COMPRESSED HYDROGEN or letters CH2, CHG4.5.2 Fuel Cell VehiclesFCV are a version of H2V which use a fuel cell to convert hydrogen into electricity. Pure and hybrid FCV badging should clearly contain in its design one of the following to indicate that it has both a hydrogen fuel system an
48、d a high voltagesystem:a. the words FUEL CELL, or letters FC, FCV, FCHV, FCEV4.6 Hydrogen Component Badging Design 4.6.1 Hydrogen Storage SystemH2Vs containing compressed hydrogen storage systems (CHSS) often consist of one or more cylindrical storage tanks as shown in Figure 1. These tanks may be v
49、isible from the bottom of the vehicle, but may also be covered by shielding. See APPENDIX A for further examples of H2V CHSS. SAE INTERNATIONAL J2990-1 JUN2016 Page 7 of 33Figure 1 - General motors equinox CHSS4.6.2 Hydrogen Receptacle All H2Vs have hydrogen receptacles as shown in Figure 1 which can be located anywhere on the vehicle, but currently are found in a similar location as gasoline receptacles, b
