1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
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4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J3063_201511 SURFACE VEHICLE INFORMATION REPORT J3063 NOV2015 Issued 2015-11 Act
5、ive Safety Systems Terms Markstrm, Anders. Active accelerator pedal: speed feedback aided driving. Last modified December 4, 2001. http:/epubl.luth.se/1402-1617/2001/320/index.htm. Pre-Collision Throttle Management, Subaru, Accessed July 21, 2014, http:/www.subaru.co.nz/about/eyesight/pre-collision-
6、throttle-management. Traffic Sign Detection, Mobileye, Accessed January 21, 2015, http:/ SAE INTERNATIONAL J3063 NOV2015 Page 4 of 7 3. ABBREVIATIONS AEB Automatic Emergency Braking CICAS Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems DBS Dynamic Brake Support ESC Electronic Stability Control
7、ERBA Extended Range Backing Aid Euro NCAP European New Car Assessment Program FVCW Forward Vehicle Collision Warning FVCMS Forward Vehicle Collision Mitigation Systems GPS Global positioning system ISA Intelligent Speed Adaptation LCDAS Lane Change Decision Aid Systems LDWS Lane Departure Warning Sy
8、stems LKAS Lane Keeping Assistance System MALSO Maneuvering Aid for Low Speed Operation NCAP New Car Assessment Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration of the United States Department of Transportation PCMS Pedestrian Collision Mitigation Systems POV Principal Other Vehicle PCTM
9、 Pre-Collision Throttle Management RBDPS Road Boundary Departure Prevention System SV Subject Vehicle TSR Traffic Sign Recognition US DOT United States Department of Transportation 4. ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS DEFINITIONS 4.1 Active Safety Systems ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS: Vehicle systems that sense and mo
10、nitor conditions inside and outside the vehicle for the purpose of identifying perceived present and potential dangers to the vehicle, occupants, and/or other road users, and automatically intervene to help avoid or mitigate potential collisions via various methods, including alerts to the driver, v
11、ehicle system adjustments, and/or active control of the vehicle subsystems (brakes, throttle, suspension, etc.). NOTE: For purposes of this report, systems that meet the definition of active safety systems are considered to have a design purpose that is primarily focused on improving safety rather t
12、han comfort, convenience or general driver assistance. Active safety systems warn or intervene during a high risk event or maneuver. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3063 NOV2015 Page 5 of 7 4.1.1 Active Safety Systems Classifications WARNING SYSTEMS: Inform the subject vehicle driver about the need to take actio
13、n to avoid a specific hazard in the driving environment. INTERVENTION SYSTEMS: Directly influence vehicle motions/actions for only the time needed to avoid/mitigate a specific hazard in the driving environment, and without necessarily requiring action by the vehicle driver. 4.1.2 Active Safety Syste
14、ms Orientations LONGITUDINAL ORIENTATION: Refers to the line along the vehicle longitudinal Y (Zero Y) plane (X) defined in SAE J1100 and SAE J182 relative to the subject vehicle. LATERAL ORIENTATION: Refers to the line along the vehicle transverse X (Zero X) plane (Y) defined in SAE J1100 and SAE J
15、182 relative to the subject vehicle. SUBJECT VEHICLE: Refers to the vehicle equipped with the active safety system. PRINCIPAL OTHER VEHICLE: Refers to a vehicle presenting a potential risk to the subject vehicle. 4.2 Warning Systems 4.2.1 Longitudinal Warning Systems BACKUP AIDS: Provide detection o
16、f obstacles to the rear of the subject vehicle and/or provide indirect rear visibility to help the driver compensate for rear blind spots. (DOT-HS-810-828). BACKUP WARNING SYSTEMS: Help to warn the driver about the presence of an object behind the subject vehicle. COOPERATIVE INTERSECTION COLLISION
17、AVOIDANCE SYSTEMS (CICAS): Use both vehicle-based and infrastructure-based technologies to help drivers approaching an intersection understand the state of activities within that intersection (Cooperative Intersection Collision Avoidance Systems). CROSS TRAFFIC ALERT Cross traffic detection: Detects
18、 cross-path traffic (moving objects) approaching from either the left or right side ahead of or behind the subject vehicle and alerts the driver. CURVE SPEED WARNING SYSTEMS: Warn the driver of maintaining excessive speed to negotiate the upcoming curved road, so that the driver may reduce the speed
19、. It may use a combination of GPS and digital maps to assess threat levels for a driver approaching a curve too quickly (Curve Speed Warning Systems). EXTENDED RANGE BACKING AID (ERBA): Is capable of warning a driver of the presence of obstacles in an area behind the subject vehicle (called the Zone
20、 of Regard) indicating that immediate driver action is required. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 22840:2010, Section 3.1, page 2 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved. FORWARD VEHICLE COLLISION WARNING SYSTEMS (FVCWS) Forward collision warning: Warn the
21、driver of a potential collision with a POV in the forward path of the subject vehicle. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 15623:2013, Section 3.4, page 1 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved. INTELLIGENT SPEED ADAPTATION (ISA) Intelligent speed assistance,
22、 Speed alerting, Intelligent speed authority: Brings speed limit information into the subject vehicle. Navigation devices in the subject vehicle (typically GPS or GPS enhanced with additional information) give a precise location and heading, while the system compares the vehicle speed with the locat
23、ions known speed limit (Intelligent Speed Adaptation (ISA). MANEUVERING AID FOR LOW SPEED OPERATION (MALSO): Is a system that, at low speeds, informs the driver of the presence of stationary obstacles in particular areas in close proximity to the subject vehicle, mainly during parking and maneuverin
24、g in narrow passages. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 17386:2010, Section 3.3, page 2 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3063 NOV2015 Page 6 of 7 4.2.2 Lateral Warning Systems LANE CHANGE DECISION AID SYSTEMS (LCDAS) Blind spot det
25、ection, Blind spot monitoring, Blind spot warning, Blind zone detection, Blind spot information system, Lane change merge warning: Warn the driver of the subject vehicle against potential collisions with POVs to the side and/or the rear of the subject vehicle and moving in the same direction as the
26、subject vehicle during lane change maneuvers. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 17387:2008, Section titled Scope, page 1 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved. LANE DEPARTURE WARNING (LDW) Lateral Drift Warning: Alerts the driver when their vehicle is abou
27、t to drift beyond a delineated edge line of their current travel lane or road edge. If a departure is deemed imminent, an alert is presented to the driver (LANE DEPARTURE & SWAY WARNING). LANE SWAY WARNING: Detects wandering (oscillations) or drifting within a lane, and warns the driver (LANE DEPART
28、URE & SWAY WARNING). 4.2.3 Other Warning Systems DRIVER DROWSINESS DETECTION Drowsiness Detection Systems: Is a feature or combination of features that observes driver patterns and alerts the driver if the system detects signs of drowsiness or lack of attention (Driver Drowsiness Detection). DRIVER
29、MONITORING SYSTEMS: Use various sensor information to determine the alertness and behavior of the driver. The information from the driver monitoring system can be used to warn/wake up driver with lights/sound/haptic feedback (Driver monitoring systems differ). TRAFFIC SIGN RECOGNITION (TSR): Is a dr
30、iver support function that can be used to notify and warn the driver of restrictions which may be effective on the current stretch of road. Examples for such regulations are speed limit zones or no-overtaking indications. The system can help the driver to maintain a legal speed or obey local traffic
31、 instructions or urban restrictions. The system recognizes and interprets various traffic signs including fixed signs on the road side and variable message signs overhead (Traffic Sign Detection). 4.3 Intervention Systems 4.3.1 Longitudinal Intervention Systems ACTIVE ACCELERATOR PEDAL: Is an accele
32、rator pedal with feedback used to assist the driver to drive at a constant speed and to remain within the speed limits (Lundqvist). AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY BRAKING (AEB) Advanced emergency braking system, Autonomous emergency braking, Automatic emergency braking, Collision Imminent Braking: Combines adv
33、anced driver assistance systems and subject vehicle braking to slow the vehicle to avoid or mitigate a collision (Automated Emergency Braking (AEB). BRAKE ASSIST SYSTEMS Dynamic brake assist, Dynamic brake control, Intelligent Brake Assist: Reduce the force required to apply the brakes fully by moni
34、toring the brake pedal application by the driver to automatically sense emergency braking. The system then boosts brake capacity to levels beyond those achievable through the drivers pedal application and more quickly shortens stopping distances. This can prevent a crash or reduce the crash impact (
35、Brake Assist). DYNAMIC BRAKE SUPPORT (DBS) Emergency brake assist: Is a system that uses forward-looking sensors to determine if the driver-initiated braking level is sufficient to avoid a crash. If not, the system increases the vehicle brake command beyond that commanded by the driver. ELECTRONIC S
36、TABILITY CONTROL (ESC): Augments vehicle directional stability by applying and adjusting the vehicle brake torques individually to induce a correcting yaw moment to a vehicle (Barth). SAE INTERNATIONAL J3063 NOV2015 Page 7 of 7 FORWARD VEHICLE COLLISION MITIGATION SYSTEMS (FVCMS) Advanced emergency
37、braking system, Autonomous emergency braking, Collision imminent braking, Automatic emergency braking, Predictive emergency braking: Assess the likelihood of a collision between the front of the subject vehicle a POV, and when such a collision is very likely, activates the brakes automatically to re
38、duce the relative speed at which the subject vehicle and target vehicle may collide. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 22839:2013, Section 3.8, page 2 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved. PEDESTRIAN COLLISION MITIGATION SYSTEMS (PCMS) Pedestrian Collisio
39、n Avoidance Systems: Provide warning and automatic emergency braking to help avoid or reduce the severity of pedestrian collisions. PRE-COLLISION THROTTLE MANAGEMENT (PCTM): Reduces available acceleration in situations when the system detects objects in front of the subject vehicle that the subject
40、vehicle is likely to impact (Pre-Collision Throttle Management). 4.3.2 Lateral Intervention Systems AUTOMATIC EVASIVE STEERING SYSTEMS: Provide automatic steering to avoid an object in front of the subject vehicle. LANE KEEPING ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS (LKAS): Provide support for safe lane keeping operati
41、ons by drivers and do not perform automatic driving nor prevent possible lane departures. LKAS consist of means for recognizing the location of the subject vehicle inside its lane and means for influencing lateral vehicle movement. - This adapted excerpt is from ISO 11270:2014, Section titled Scope,
42、 page 1 with the permission of ANSI on behalf of ISO. (c) ISO 2015 - All rights reserved ROAD BOUNDARY DEPARTURE PREVENTION SYSTEMS (RBDPS): Are driver safety support systems that act on the subject vehicle to prevent road departures. RBDPS predict road boundary departures and keep the subject vehic
43、le within the road boundaries by LKAS action accompanied with longitudinal deceleration control. 5. NOTES 5.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (I) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the user in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the pr
44、evious issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only. PREPARED BY THE SAE ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS STANDARDS COMMITTEE
