1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J3102_201703 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J3102 MAR2017 Issued 2017-03 Ambulance Patien
5、t Compartment Structural Integrity Test to Support SAE J3027 Compliant Litter Systems RATIONALE This SAE Recommended Practice was developed by members of the SAE Truck Crashworthiness Committee in support of the ambulance industrys need to apply science to the design and testing of the ambulance sub
6、structure to support the safe mounting of SAE J3027 compliant litter retention devices or systems used in the ambulance patient compartment. The Recommended Practice was validated collaboratively by industry and government partners through extensive testing funded and managed by the National Institu
7、te for Occupational Safety and Health, the Department of Homeland Security and the Ambulance Manufacturers Division of the NTEA. Input loading for the dynamic testing was generated using the vehicle specific crash pulses described in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, and SAE J3044, respectively. An independent
8、analysis of the testing methodology and resulting data was performed by government and private members of the automotive testing community. 1. SCOPE This SAE Recommended Practice describes the dynamic and static testing procedures required to evaluate the integrity of the ambulance substructure, to
9、support the safe mounting of an SAE J3027 compliant litter retention device or system, when exposed to a frontal, side or rear impact (i.e., a crash impact). Its purpose is to provide manufacturers, ambulance builders, and end-users with testing procedures and, where appropriate, acceptance criteria
10、 that to a great extent ensure the ambulance substructure meets the same performance criteria across the industry. Prospective manufacturers or vendors have the option of performing either dynamic testing or static testing. Descriptions of the test set-up, test instrumentation, photographic/video co
11、verage, test fixture, and performance metrics are included. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue i
12、n effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
13、 2.2 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J211-1 Instrumentation for Impact Test - Part 1 - Electronic Instrumentation SAE J211-2 Instrumentat
14、ion for Impact Test - Part 2: Photographic Instrumentation SAE INTERNATIONAL J3102 MAR2017 Page 2 of 7 SAE J2917 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Frontal Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment SAE J2956 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity Side Impact Ambulance Patien
15、t Compartment SAE J3027 Ambulance Litter Integrity, Retention, and Patient Restraint SAE J3044 Occupant Restraint and Equipment Mounting Integrity - Rear Impact Ambulance Patient Compartment 2.3 Related Publications The following publication is provided for information purposes only and is not a req
16、uired part of this SAE Technical Report. 2.3.1 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Available from the United States Government Printing Office, 732 North Capitol Street, NW, Washington, DC 20401, Tel: 202-512-1800, www.gpo.gov. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 572 3. DEFINITIONS 3.1 DYNAMIC
17、 AMPLIFICATION FACTOR: The dynamic amplification factor is a multiplier used to convert the peak dynamic load to an equivalent static load. 3.2 SYSTEM WEIGHT: The weight of the litter, litter retention device, or system plus the Hybrid III 50th percentile male estimated at 77.6 kg 1.2 kg (171.3 poun
18、ds 2.6 pounds) as described in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49, Part 572, Subpart E. (To represent the weight of a 50th percentile male patient.) 3.3 LITTER: A wheeled patient transport device affixed using a litter retention device or system. This does not include wheelchairs, stair chair
19、s, transport chairs, backboards, incubator transport cots, or carry stretchers. 3.4 LITTER RETENTION DEVICE OR SYSTEM: A retention system that utilizes a temporary or permanent means of fixation, which may have fixed or adjustable positions. Also includes all hardware provided for holding the intend
20、ed device. 3.5 FRACTURE: Cracking or tearing of the substructure or mounting hardware. 3.6 LOAD BEARING: Any component of the substructure or mounting hardware that is required to maintain the litter retention device or system in a secured position. 3.7 LOAD PATH: A series of load bearing components
21、. 3.8 MOUNTING HARDWARE: Fasteners and other associated components that are used to affix a litter retention device or system to the interior of an ambulance structure. 3.9 PEAK ACCELERATION: The maximum “g” loading for the applicable pulse corridor as described in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, or SAE J3044
22、, respectively. 3.10 DYNAMIC TEST ANALOG/DEVICE: A rigid inert structure that represents the physical dimensions, weight and center of gravity in all axes of the litter, 50th percentile male patient (77.6 kg or 171 pounds), and Litter Retention Device or System. It provides connection points to atta
23、ch to the substructure of the patient compartment of the ambulance that match those found on the actual hardware to be mounted, as recommended by the litter retention device or system manufacturer. Where contact surfaces such as wheels or outriggers are present, they should also be represented on th
24、e analog. An actual production litter and test dummy (instrumentation optional), fitting the criteria defined in SAE J3027 definitions 3.1 to 3.4, installed in accordance with SAE J3027 Test Procedures 6.1 to 6.4.3.11 and 6.6 may be used in lieu of the rigid test fixture. This analog or device does
25、need to match the system weight and center of gravity of the litter, 50th percentile male, and litter retention device or system. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3102 MAR2017 Page 3 of 7 3.11 STATIC TEST ANALOG/DEVICE: A rigid inert structure that is used to apply loads to the substructure in a manner which is c
26、onsistent with the litter retention device or system. It provides connection points to attach to the Substructure of the patient compartment of the ambulance that match those found on the actual hardware to be mounted, as recommended by the litter retention device or system manufacturer. Where conta
27、ct surfaces such as wheels or outriggers are present, they should also be represented on the analog. The analog or device must allow the quasi static applied load being applied to it to pass through the theoretical center of gravity represented by the system weight. This analog or device does not ne
28、ed to match the weight of the litter, 50th percentile male, and litter retention device or system. 3.12 QUASI STATIC APPLIED LOAD (QSAL): The load to be applied in the static test of an equipment mounting device or system in lieu of a dynamic test. The QSAL is defined mathematically as the system we
29、ight times the peak acceleration times the dynamic amplification factor. 3.13 SUBSTRUCTURE (also known as ambulance substructure): The patient compartment framing or load bearing material that is used to anchor the litter retention device or system. 4. DYNAMIC TEST REQUIREMENTS The ambulance substru
30、cture and dynamic test analog/device shall be tested using the pulse corridors defined in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, and SAE J3044, respectively. The ambulance substructure and dynamic test analog/device will then be evaluated in accordance with Section 8. 5. DYNAMIC TEST CONDITIONS The following conditi
31、ons apply: 5.1 Due to the large number of mounting locations for each mounting device or system, a rigid sled test fixture shall be used. For example, a horizontal surface would represent an ambulance floor while a vertical surface would represent an ambulance wall. 5.2 These tests are considered de
32、structive therefore, deformation and fracture shall be expected and considered acceptable within the criteria of Section 8. At the option of the manufacturer, a new ambulance substructure and dynamic test analog/device may be used in each test attitude. 6. DYNAMIC TEST PROCEDURES The litter retentio
33、n device or system manufacturer is responsible for determining all recommended product or product mount orientations relative to the patient compartment of the ambulance. 6.1 Install the ambulance body or substructure to the sled device. 6.1.1 For all modular ambulance patient compartments, install
34、the ambulance substructure directly to the sled device as prescribed in the ambulance manufacturers instructions or recommendations. Preservation of the mount design intent must be maintained in order to replicate performance when mounted on an ambulance chassis. 6.1.2 For Type II or a uni-body ambu
35、lance patient compartment, a representative original equipment manufacturer (OEM) structure must be utilized. The OEM structure, with structural enhancements produced by the ambulance builder, shall be mounted directly to sled device as prescribed in the OEM body builders manual. Preservation of the
36、 mount design intent must be maintained in order to replicate performance when mounted on an ambulance chassis. 6.2 Install dynamic test analog/device per instructions provided by the ambulance manufacturer and as recommended by the Litter Retention Device or System manufacturer. 6.3 Test in accorda
37、nce with dynamic sled test facility protocol to achieve dynamic loading as defined in SAE J2917, SAE J2956, and SAE J3044, respectively. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3102 MAR2017 Page 4 of 7 7. POST DYNAMIC-TEST INSPECTION 7.1 Inspect the substructure and analog mounting hardware for evidence of material frac
38、ture and deformation. Any instances of deformation or fracture should be noted in the report through photos. Parts breaking free from the substructure should also be documented through photos and noted in the report. 7.2 It should be noted if the dynamic test analog/device was retained in the substr
39、ucture. 7.3 It should be noted if the ambulance substructure remained fastened to the sled test fixture or surface. 8. DYNAMIC TEST ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA The following acceptance criteria are applied per Section 4 to determine the “pass” or “fail” state of the test. 8.1 If an actual production litter
40、and test dummy is used, then the acceptance criteria delineated in SAE J3027 8.1 to 8.4 shall also apply. 8.2 Deformation and displacement of the ambulance substructure, mounting hardware, and dynamic test analog/service is acceptable. 8.3 Fracture of the substructure is acceptable, as long as a loa
41、d path is maintained. 8.4 The ambulance substructure must remain attached to the sled. 8.5 Data resulting from instrumentation installed per a manufacturers request will NOT be a part of the pass/fail criteria associated with this testing procedure. 9. STATIC TEST REQUIREMENTS If an ambulance manufa
42、cturer chooses the option to perform static tests on the substructure to anchor a litter retention device or system, the substructure and retention hardware shall be tested to the quasi-static applied load (QSAL) calculated as follows: QSAL = System Weight x Peak Acceleration x Dynamic Amplification
43、 Factor The test shall be performed utilizing the QSAL for each impact direction for the intended litter installation orientation. Table 1 provides examples based on system weight of 227 kg (500 pounds). The ambulance substructure with the static test analog/device will then be evaluated in accordan
44、ce with Section 13. Table 1 Pulse Direction SAE Reference Document System Weight Peak Acceleration Dynamic Amplification Factor QSAL Front SAE J2917 227 kg (500 pounds) 22.5 G 1.5 75064 N (16875 pounds) Side SAE J2956 227 kg (500 pounds) 26.0 G 1.5 86740 N (19500 pounds) Rear SAE J3044 227 kg (500 p
45、ounds) 10.0 G 1.5 33362 N (7500 pounds) SAE INTERNATIONAL J3102 MAR2017 Page 5 of 7 10. STATIC TEST CONDITIONS The following conditions apply: 10.1 Due to the large number of mounting locations for each mounting device or system, a rigid test fixture shall be used. For example, a horizontal surface
46、would represent an ambulance floor while a vertical surface would represent an ambulance wall. 10.2 These tests are considered destructive, therefore, deformation and fracture is considered acceptable within the criteria of Section 13. At the option of the manufacturer a new ambulance substructure a
47、nd litter retention device or system may be used in each test attitude. 11. STATIC TEST PROCEDURES The litter retention device or system manufacturer is responsible for determining all recommended product or product mount orientations relative to the patient compartment of the ambulance. The ambulan
48、ce substructure and litter retention hardware shall be capable of meeting the requirements of Section 9. 11.1 Install the ambulance body or substructure directly to the rigid test surface as prescribed in the ambulance manufacturers instructions or recommendations. 11.1.1 For all modular ambulance p
49、atient compartments, install the ambulance substructure directly to the rigid test surface as prescribed in the ambulance manufacturers instructions or recommendations. Preservation of the mount design intent must be maintained in order to replicate performance when mounted on an ambulance chassis. 11.1.2 For Type II or a uni-body ambulance patient compartment, a representative OEM structure must be utilized. The OEM struct
