1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
2、efrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this
3、publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-49
4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/J3112_201703 SURFACE VEHICLE STANDARD J3112 MAR2017 Issued 2017-03 A/C Compressor Oil Separato
5、r Effectiveness Test Standard RATIONALE It is well recognized that reducing the amount of oil circulating through the refrigerant circuit of a mobile air conditioning system will generally improve the system energy efficiency, as expressed by coefficient of performance (COP). This document establish
6、es a standardized test procedure for quantifying oil circulation reduction effectiveness of compressors with oil separators and/or other means of reducing oil circulation through the refrigerant circuit of a mobile air conditioning system using R-134a or R-1234yf refrigerant. FOREWORD Circulation of
7、 a refrigerant-miscible oil in the refrigerant circuit of a mobile air conditioning system is the conventional means of returning oil to the compressor for lubrication purposes. However, circulating oil will slightly reduce the effectiveness of the heat exchangers in the refrigerant circuit, by leav
8、ing a thin film of oil on the inside heat exchanger surface - which will slightly add to the total resistance to heat transfer between the refrigerant and the air flowing over the outside of the heat exchanger. Therefore, a compressor that can reduce the amount of oil circulating through the refrige
9、rant circuit, through the use of an oil separator and/or other means, can improve the overall energy efficiency of the a/c system, as expressed by COP. This SAE Standard establishes the test procedure and reporting method for quantifying oil circulation rate reduction of compressors with oil separat
10、ors and/or other means of reducing the amount of oil circulation in the refrigerant circuit of a mobile air-conditioning systems. Establishment of this standard ensures that oil circulation rate reduction test results for such compressors will produce comparable results. 1. SCOPE This SAE Standard e
11、stablishes the test conditions and reporting method for quantifying refrigerant circuit oil circulation rate (OCR) reduction effectiveness of mobile air conditioning compressors using R-134a and R-1234yf refrigerants that include oil separators and/or other design features for the purpose of reducin
12、g the OCR in the refrigerant circuit. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR2017 Page 2 of 7 2.1.1 SA
13、E Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J639 Safety Standards for Motor Vehicle Refrigerant Vapor Compression Systems SAE J2765 Procedure for Measu
14、ring System COP Coefficient of Performance of a Mobile Air Conditioning System on a Test Bench 2.1.2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standards Available from ASHRAE Headquarters, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta GA 30329, Tel: 800-527-4723 (U.S. and Canada only) or 404-636-8400, www.ashrae.org. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.4
15、 Standard Method for Measurement of Proportion of Lubricant in Liquid Refrigerant ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 Designation and Classification of Refrigerants 3. GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND DEFINITIONS 3.1 MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING REFRIGERANT CIRCUIT The refrigerant circuit of typical R-134a or R-1234yf mobile
16、 air conditioning system consists of the following components: compressor, discharge line, condenser (which usually includes a gas condensing heat exchanger portion, an integrated receiver/dryer, and subcooling heat exchanger portion), a liquid line, an expansion device, an evaporator, and a suction
17、 line. Variations may include dual (e.g., front and rear) evaporator systems, etc. The circuit typically includes a refrigerant-miscible oil circulating along with the refrigerant to ensure proper lubrication of the compressor. The typical mobile air conditioning refrigeration circuit is shown in Fi
18、gure 1 for reference. Figure 1 SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR2017 Page 3 of 73.2 OIL CIRCULATION RATE (OCR) OCR is the percentage by mass flow rate of oil to the total mass flow rate of refrigerant and oil circulating through the refrigerant circuit at a specified test condition. OCR is expressed in eq
19、uation form as shown in Equation 1. OCR = oil ref + oil) ) x 100% (Eq. 1)3.3 COMPRESSOR WITH OIL SEPARATOR A compressor with oil separator will include design feature(s) for separating some portion of the oil from the refrigerant either inside the compressor or as the mixture is leaving the compress
20、or and returning the oil to the inlet of the compressor, thus maintaining the oil amount necessary in the compressor for proper operation and durability, while preventing the oil from circulating through the refrigerant circuit and compromising system COP. 3.4 COMPRESSOR WITH OTHER MEANS OF REDUCING
21、 OCR Although an oil separator is usually the most common and effective means of reducing OCR for COP improvement, other means of reducing the initial oil charge amount needed by the compressor can also be employed which will also reduce OCR, since there is less oil in the system to begin with. Redu
22、cing the initial charge amount of oil can be accomplished through advanced design techniques such as use of high strength and/or low-friction materials, modifying internal component geometry to reduce the amount of force between components at sliding interfaces, etc. This measurement standard can be
23、 used to evaluate the effectiveness of these features for reducing OCR, regardless if they are used in conjunction with, or independent of, an oil separator. 4. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS A/C Air Conditioning COP Coefficient of Performance (i.e., system energy efficiency). COP is the ratio
24、 of energy (heat) removed from the air being cooled at the evaporator to the energy (work) put into the refrigerant by the compressor. Reference SAE J2765 for additional details. OCR Oil Circulation Rate. Refer to 3.2 of this standard for additional details. OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer REF R
25、efrigerant mass flow rate OIL Oil mass flow rate R-1234yf Refrigerant 2,3,3,3Tetrafluoro-1-Propene (HFO-1234yf) (reference: ANSI/ASHRAE 34) R-134a Refrigerant 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, (HFC-134a) (reference: ANSI/ASHRAE 34) 5. METHODS AND PROCEDURES 5.1 Overview/Method 1 OCR Reduction Effectiveness
26、 for a compressor with an oil separator and/or alternate means shall be accomplished by measuring the OCR in a system in a bench test using the procedure detailed in 5.3, and calculating the ratio of the OCR with the new technology to the OCR with the baseline technology. The baseline OCR value to b
27、e used in Method 1, based on industry experience with conventional A/C systems, is found in 5.4. The resulting ratio is defined by this standard as the Oil Circulation Reduction Effectiveness, and shall be expressed as a percentage, as shown in Equation 2: OCR Reduction Effectiveness = ( 1 - ( OCRne
28、w / OCRbase) ) * 100% (Eq. 2) SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR2017 Page 4 of 7 5.2 Method 2 Method 1 is the preferred method of calculating OCR Reduction Effectiveness, since it uses a common baseline OCR, and can therefore be used for making direct comparisons of OCR Reduction Effectiveness results betw
29、een different sources. However, in some situations it may be preferable to use a measured value for the baseline system OCR to calculate OCR Reduction Effectiveness. The baseline system OCR shall be measured using the same method as the improved system OCR, as detailed in 5.3. The baseline system se
30、lected in Method 2 shall be a comparable system from series production (past or present), to the system where the compressor to be evaluated is applied, except the baseline compressor will not include an oil separator or other advanced features for reducing OCR (see 3.4). The equation to be used to
31、calculate OCR Reduction Effectiveness for Method 2 is also Formula (2); the only difference in the application of Formula (2) with Method 2 versus Method 1 is that the value of OCRbase will be a measured value when using Method 2, rather than the default value from 5.4 when using Method 1. Details o
32、f the baseline system will also be included in reporting OCR Reduction Effectiveness using Method 2, including service part numbers of the major system components used, refrigerant and oil charge amounts, oil type, and model year and vehicle name that the baseline system was applied to. 5.3 OCR Meas
33、urement Procedure 5.3.1 Test Set Up The necessary test equipment shall be set up in accordance with SAE J2765. The required accuracy of the instrumentation is also described in SAE J2765. Production OCR Reduction Effectiveness results for a given compressor shall be determined using OEM production s
34、ystem components, with the system charged to the OEM specified refrigerant and oil amounts, within the OEM recommended tolerances. Interim OCR Reduction Effectiveness evaluation can be carried out using prototype parts for reference during the development process. 5.3.2 Test Conditions OCR shall be
35、measured using a full A/C system operating with temperatures and pressures stabilized for two system thermal load conditions: SAE J2765 conditions I45 and M45 (shown in Table 1 for single evaporator sysems with belt driven compressor, for reference): Table 1 - Test conditions for single evaporator s
36、ystem and belt-driven compressor (reference; from J2765) SAE J2765 Condition Comp-ressor Speed (rpm) Condenser Evaporator Inlet Air Temp. (C) Inlet Air Velocity (m/s) Inlet Air Temp. (C) Inlet Air Relative Humidity (%) Inlet Air Mass Flow (kg/min) Target Outlet Air Temp. (C) I45 900 45 1.5 35 25 9.0
37、 3 M45 2500 45 3.0 35 25 9.0 3 Reference SAE J2765 for details on I45 and M45 conditions when running testing on dual evaporator or electric compressor systems. 5.3.3 OCR Measurement OCR shall be measured in accordance with SAE J2765 6.4.2, which references ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 41.4 sample capture m
38、ethod, or “other methods based on user preferences”. Other methods may include ultraviolet fluorescent dye based measurement or other industry-recognized means. Method used for measurement of OCR shall be documented in the test report. If sample capture method is used, allowable sample-to-sample var
39、iation shall be per agreement between Vehicle OEM and the compressor supplier. SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR2017 Page 5 of 7 5.4 OCR Reduction Effectiveness Calculation and Tabulation of Results The test results for OCRbase, OCRnew, and OCR Reduction Effectiveness and other items of interest shall be
40、recorded as shown in Table 2 for Method 1 and Table 3 for Method 2 (see 5.1). If Method 1 is used for the Baseline OCR, OCRbase value to use for OCR Reduction Effectivness calculation is the SAE J3112 default value shown in Table 2. Evaluated System Information portion of the Evaluation Results tabl
41、e (Table 2 or Table 3) can be expanded upon as needed (e.g., to tabulate additional components used for dual system evaluation, etc.). Table 2 - Tabulation of test results Method 1 EVALUATION RESULTS (per SAE J3112 - Method 1) Test Condition SAE J2765 Condition I45 SAE J2765 Condition M45 OCR Reduct
42、ion Effectiveness (%) (SAE J3112 Formula (2) ) OCRbase (%) (SAE J3112 default value) 7.5% 8.5% OCRnew (%) (measured per SAE J3112) OCR Measurement Method (sample capture, UV/dye, etc.) Evaluation Type (Interim or Production) EVALUATED SYSTEM INFORMATION Vehicle OEM, Model Year, Vehicle Model, and Sy
43、stem Description Refrigerant Refrigerant Charge (g) Oil Type Oil Charge (g) Part Number Description/Comment System Components Used for New Compressor Evaluation (Part numbers to be OEM Service part numbers except for interim evaluations) Compressor Discharge Line Condenser Liquid Line Expansion Devi
44、ce Evaporator Suction Line SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR2017 Page 6 of 7 Table 3 - Tabulation of test results Method 2 EVALUATION RESULTS (per SAE J3112 - Method 2) Test Condition SAE J2765 Condition I45 SAE J2765 Condition M45 OCR Reduction Effectiveness (%) (SAE J3112 Formula (2) ) OCRbase (%) (meas
45、ured per SAE J3112) OCRnew (%) (measured per SAE J3112) OCR Measurement Method (sample capture, UV/dye, etc.) Evaluation Type (Interim or Production) EVALUATED SYSTEM INFORMATION Vehicle OEM, Model Year, Vehicle Model, and System Description Refrigerant Refrigerant Charge (g) Oil Type Oil Charge (g)
46、 Part Number Description/Comment System Components Used for New Compressor Evaluation (Part numbers to be OEM Service part numbers except for interim evaluations) Compressor Discharge Line Condenser Liquid Line Expansion Device Evaporator Suction Line BASELINE SYSTEM INFORMATION Vehicle Application
47、Refrigerant Refrigerant Charge (g) Oil Type Oil Charge (g) Part Number Description/Comment System Components Used for Baseline Evaluation (Part numbers to be OEM Service part numbers) Compressor Discharge Line Condenser Liquid Line Expansion Device Evaporator Suction Line SAE INTERNATIONAL J3112 MAR
48、2017 Page 7 of 7 6. SAFETY REQUIREMENTS 6.1 Test Equipment The equipment must comply with applicable federal, state, and local requirements on equipment related to handling R-134a or R-1234yf material. Safety precautions or notices related to safe operation of the equipment shall be prominently disp
49、layed on the equipment and should also state “CAUTIONSHOULD BE OPERATED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.“ 6.2 Pressure Testing Under NO CIRCUMSTANCES should any equipment be pressure tested or leak tested with air/R-134a mixtures or air/R-1234yf mixtures. Do not use compressed air (shop air) or leak detection in systems containing R-134a or R-1234yf. 7. NOTES 7.1 Revision Indicator A change bar (l) located in t
