1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. PART 3 : GUIDANCE YOH DESIGN CONTENTS Clause Page Number SCOPE 1 DETlNITIONS 1 CONTENTS OF SUCCEEDING SECTIONS OF PART 3 1 Pretender Considerations 1 Inv
4、estigations . 1 Administration . 1 Documentation . 1 Design Requirements 2 Applicability of Other Codes . 2 Test Procedures . 2 Quality Cant-rol and Other considerat.ions . 2 Quality control . 2 Lessons from design failures . 2 Disputes, mediations. arbitrations and court . cases . 2 ECONOMIC NORMS
5、2 General 2 Construction Cost Norms 2 Cost Norms used for Standardized Specifications 2 Normal projects . 2 Prestige projects 2 Subeconomic projects . 2 Labour-based projects 2 DESIGN RBSPONSII3ILITY 3 SITE INSPECTION 3 Significance . 3 The TenBer Document 3 conduction of the Inspection . 3 Site Ins
6、pection Follow-Up 3 Second Revision March 1986 This section of Part 3 of the code supersedes l SABS 0120 : Part 3 : section 0-1981 Approved by the COUNCIL OF TIE SOUTB AFRICAN BUREAiJ OF STANDARDS SOUTH AFRICAN DURI:AU OF STANI)ARI)S COUP: CF PRACTICE: FOR USE MlTll STANDARDIZED SPEClFJCAPIONS AND C
7、ONTRACT DOCUMENTS PAW 3 : GULLJANCE FOR DESIGN SCOPE This section of this part oi- the code covers a21 indication of the contents of the succeeding sections, the economic norms that are considered in design work and in the preparation and use of standardized specifications, responsibility for design
8、, and matters relating to the site inspection. The sections m this part of the code that relate to the relevant standardized specificatlons primarily cover matters that should be dealt with by the project engineer or the senior design engineer, such as the preparation of designs, drawinqs and other
9、documents required for tender nvitations and the instructions to the construction engineer or the contractor or both, as applicable, to proceed with the works. The said sections cover a) aspects of design that were assumed in the framing of the relevant standardized specificatlons; and b) aspects of
10、 design that must be considered in the cotrol of work executed in terms of the relevant standardized specifications. The sections referred to in 1.2 also give guidance on principles of design and give references to appropriate codes of practice and such other aids to designing (including desiguing f
11、or “turn-key“ projects) a:; are relevant. HOTE a) The number and title of the standardized specification covered by each succeeding section in this part of the code are given at the beginning of the applicable section, the sections being set out in alphabetical order, and the title of the applicable
12、 standardized specification is given at the top outer corner of each succeeding page of the section. b) The clause/subclause number(s) given in brackets at the beginning or after the heading of a clause or subclause in the succeeding sections is/are, unless otherwise stated, the number(s) of the rel
13、evant clause(s) or suhclause(s) of the applicable standardized specification. DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this part of the code the definitions given in Part l and in the applicable standardized specificatioll, and the following definitions shall apply: Performance specification. A speciiication
14、 of the end result required. (A performance specification is an ideal specification that is practicable for many mechanical and electrical works and in the design of chemical plants such as water treatment works and sewage treatment works, but is not practicable for civil construction generally beca
15、use, otherwise than in the case of mechanical and electrical. works, it is normally impracticable to remove and replace a completed structure on the grounds that its performance does not comply with the specification.) Prescriptive specification. An instruction on how to achieve the end result requi
16、red. (Any army training manual. may be regarded as typical of the most detailed form of prescriptive specification. The majority of prescriptive specifications assume a measure of competence on the part of the contractor.) NOTE: A standardized specification is a combination of a performance and a pr
17、escriptive specification, so arranged as to ensure that the construction process is under continuous control and subjected to periodic checks against the required end result, in such a manner as to discipline the construction process progressively ancl to provide control of the performance at each s
18、tage. CONTENTS OF SUCCEEDING SECTIONS OF PART 3 PRE-TENDER CONSIDERATIONS Investigations. This subclause draws attention to materials, conditions on the site of the works and other matters that should be investigated during the pre-tender stage. Administration. This subclause draws attention to admi
19、nistrative matters that should be dealt with during the run-up CO the start of the construction work. The contents of the subclause are based on the assumption that the design engineer will be responsible for a) inviting tenders and dealing with the site inspection (see Clause 6); and b) as the last
20、 of his administrative responsibilities, adjudicatlng and reporting on tenders received. Documentation. This subclause draws attention to the need for the engineer to insert a suitable clause in Portion 2 of the project specification, or to state a requirement on a drawing, or to include an itenl in
21、 the schedule of quantities, as appropriate, to deal with each matter listed in Clauses 1 and 2 of the relevant section oi Part 2 of the code. It also draws attention to recommendations given in Clause 3 of that section. The design engineer should draft the project specification in the manner set ou
22、t in Clauses 3-6 of the Introduction to part 2 of the code, and prepare the schedule in the manner set out in the Introduction to Part 4 of the code. SABS 0120 : Part 3 Introduction - 1986 IIESIGN REQUIREMENTS. The extent to whirh design requirements are detailed depends on f he sib)ect of the speci
23、fication and the availability of SABS or other suitable codes, reference books and the like. This clause includes yuidance on the design standards that are cconomcally aypropriate to diffrrent tyiwa of work and work situations and, where apwopriate, refers to the (:uidelinei for the yzovxsion of enr
24、jirieer- ing services in rrsidential township. APPLICABIJJTY OF OTllEH CODFS. The applicability of codes OF practice incorporated in the Ilaliorial Building Regulations, of codes of pact ice refrrrecl to in the relevant scrtions of this part of the code and of any othez SABS codes of practiz-e that
25、deal with the subjct is stated 111 this claimr. TEST PROr1,I)IJRES. This clause gives drtails of test procedurrs that are not readily available or are available only in a clocument to whic.h it is not practicable to make refetence in a specification for a contract. QUALITY CONTIIOL. AND OTllER CONSI
26、DERATlONS uality Control. This subclause indicai es, where appl icable, the procedures that are necessary for tlte fpplication of the principles of quality control as set out in SA85 0151) and that me appropriate to the class of work covered by the elevant standardized specification. Lessons froin n
27、csiyn miiures. This subclause ndicates, where applicable, which subclauses of the relevant specification have been so framed as to eliminate (or diminjsh) the risk of repeating jmst design failul-es. In some cases, brief notes are given on design failures that have been authoritatively reported or p
28、ublished. Disputes, Mediations, Arbitrations and Court Cases. This subclause indicates, where applicable, which subclauses of the relevant specification have been so framed as to reduce the risk of disputes and to minimize or eliminate problems of interpretation in a contract. in some cases brief no
29、tes are given on disputes, mediations, arbitrations or court cases that have been authoritatively reported or publiyhed. ECONOMIC NORMS GENEKAL The standardized specrfications for civil engineering construction take irlto accourlt the existence of and the need for different cost standards of constru
30、ctron, to meet the requirements of various norms of economic development. The Guidelines for the plovision of eriglneering services in residential town- +) gives economic norms intended for application to the development of residential townships based on the following three broad classifications of
31、income level: Hiqher Middle Lower It is intended that the economic norms referred to in 4.1.1 should apply to the construction of a) water supplies and reticulation, b) sewage reticulation, C) stormwater drainage, and d) roads. CONSTRUCTION COST NORMS. The schedule for cos1 sVandards of construction
32、 were sclrcted from an interim schedule of economic norms prepared by the Rational Norms for Township Services Co-ordinating Commrttee of the National Building Research Instrtute for application to housing projects and associated services for various income levels. These norms have been included in
33、the Guidelines for the provision of engrneering services in residential townships1 ) for the income level groups grven in 4.1.1. The schedule for cost standards of construction relate to these income level groups as follows: a) Prestige projects, i.e. hiqher income level; b) normal projects, i.e. mi
34、ddle income level; and C) subeconomic project S, i.e. lower income level. COST NORMS USED FOR STANDANlU)I%N! SPECIfICATlONS Normal Proects. Except wherr otherwise stated in Clause 1 (Scope) of a standardized specification, all standardized specifications and th related sections of the code cover nor
35、mal projects. Prestige Projects. Prestige projects are dealt with by the mclusion of suitable clauses in the project specification or one or more particular specifications, or both. Subeconomic Projects. Subeconomic projects are dealt with in the mariner recommended in Clause 3 of the relevant secti
36、on of Part 2 of the code. 1) Published by the Department of Community Development, Pretoria, 1903. 2) Quality management systems. DESlGN RESPONSIBILITY 5.1 The project engineer or the senj.or design enfjineer is responsible for the preparation of all lans and documents that are required to enable te
37、nders to be invited and to define a jroject completely in such a manner that the construction team can execute the works expeditiously arrd efficiently. His respon- sibil.ities include the conduct of all negotiations and correspondence necessary to reach decisions on what iustructions, requirements
38、and data are to be included in or omitted from the contract document. These responsibilities are additional to those relating to the calculation of loads and stresses, the taking-off of quantities (initially to select t.he most economic design, and subsequently for the schedule of quantities and est
39、imates) and the setting-out on drawings of details of the nature of constructim required. SITE INSPECTION SIGNIFICANCE. The site inspection is of siynificance to both the engineer and the contractor in the following respkcts: a) For the engineer it is his last opportunity to obtain constructive crit
40、icism of and incorporate amendments and corrections into the tender document before the tenderer prices and submits the document which thereupon becomes an offer in the legal sense. The subsequent acceptance of the tenderers offer converts the whole document into a legally binding contract. The tend
41、er drawings and any words written in the tender document (including notices to tenderers) up to the closing date for tenders become an immutable part of that agreement. b) For the contractor it is his first opportunity to inspect the site and to commence familiarizing himself with the nature of: the
42、 problems to be overcome in the execution of the contract. It is, to all intents and purposes, Iris only opportunity of drawing attention to apparent conflicts between statements in the document (including the drawinys) and conditions on the site. His ohservotiols at the site inspection will play a
43、major part in his decision whether or not to tender. 6.2 TNE TENDER DOCUMENT. The tender document should not give any details of the date and venue of the site inspection as this document is destined to become the contract document, by which time the site inspection will he of historical interest on
44、ly. The site inspection has no colltractual signiiicance; the only matters that will have contractual significance are those that are written in the tender document and in a Notice to Tenderers. The tender document should incorporate a locality plan indicating access to the site. This plan should be
45、 sufficiently clear for use in fixing the venue and commencing point for the site inspection and should be used for this purpose. Such use will highlight errors and omissions in the locality plan included in the document. CONDUCTION OF THE INSPECTION. Physical conditions on the site are of immense i
46、mportance to the contractor. Therefore, the engineer should a) mark out the position of structures clearly; b) have test pits opened up to depths that are relevant to the tender document (and point them out); and c) have samples from boreholes so laid out that they may be readily inspected. Attentio
47、n should be drawn t.c) Lhe fact that statements made during the site inspection are not leyally binding unless they are confirmed in a Notice to Tenderers issued subsequent to the inspection (see 6.4 below) . The engineer who conducts the site inspection should be thoroughly familiar with the site,
48、the design and the documents. He may be assisted hy members of his staff, at his discretion. As the whole project and all details of it are new to the tenderer at the time of the site jnspection he is most unlikely to havc appreciated all the details and implications of the document and the specific
49、ations. His queries will, therefore, uot necessarily cover the whole field. The engineer should recognize that, because the tenderer is less familiar with the documents than he is, some of the tenderers queries may already have been answered in the documents and he should deal sympathetically and patiently with such queries. The engineer should take particular note of queries that draw his attention to features of the works that he had not foreseen or con:;idcred, and deal with them prior to the closing date for tenders. SITE INSPECTION FOLLOW-UP. A Notice to Tenderer
