1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22996-2 SANS 10339:2009Edition 2.1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Underground rail trackwork in mines Published by SABS Standards Divisio
4、n 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2009 Amended to update a referenced standard. Foreword This South African standard was approved by Nat
5、ional Committee SABS SC 82A, Mining equipment Underground railway transport systems, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in October 2009. This document supersedes SANS 10339:2006 (edition 2). In cla
6、use 3 reference is made to the “approving authority“. In South Africa this means the Engineering Council of South Africa (ECSA). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No.1. Annexes B, G, and I form an integral part of this standard. Annexes A,
7、C, D, E, F and H are for information only. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Design . 8 4 Track technology . 8 5 Maintenance 10 Annex A (informative) Track geometry . 11 Annex B (normative) Classification criteria . 12 Annex C (informative) Typical haul
8、age cross-sections . 13 Annex D (informative) Turnouts and special trackwork. 15 Annex E (informative) Rail sections 19 Annex F (informative) Rail joints. 21 Annex G (normative) Maximum permissible deviations for track gauges . 23 Annex H (informative) Joint sleeper spacing. 25 Annex I (normative) R
9、ail fasteners 26 Bibliography 27 SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 3 Underground rail trackwork in mines 1 Scope This standard covers the track systems currently in general use underground in mines. This standard specifies the requirement
10、s for the maintenance and safe use of underground and associated shaft head track systems. It is generally appreciated that safe, efficient and economical mining is very largely dependent on the efficiency of the horizontal transport system employed to convey men, materials and minerals. This standa
11、rd aims to give a guide to the standard of tracks required for the safe and economic operation of mines. The primary objective being to provide standards of trackwork which will result in minimizing accidents. NOTE 1 This standard concentrates on the bringing together of components to form a system
12、and specifies minimum requirements to which the system should be constructed and maintained. NOTE 2 This standard excludes trackwork in inclines and declines. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 2.1 axle load static load applied equally to the track stru
13、cture via each individual axle on which either a locomotive or an item of the rolling stock rests 2.2 ballast support structure placed on the top of the formation or footwall on which the sleepers will be laid 2.3 ballasting operation of placing the ballast to support and complete a track structure
14、2.4 breakaway any deviation of any underground tunnel from the prevailing tunnel direction NOTE A breakaway can facilitate another tunnel or provide additional space for utilities. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 4 2.5 camber inclination of the rail flange when placed on the sleeper in the correct posit
15、ion, to the horizontal 2.6 cross slacks twist difference in vertical alignment of two rails at the same point in a track that causes a sideward rolling motion of locomotives and rolling stock, i.e. rate of change of super elevation over a distance of 2 m Figure 1 Twist 2.7 fasteners application of a
16、 clip, spike, screw, clamp or any other such device that ensures that the rail remains firmly in position against the sleeper 2.8 fishplates pairs of shaped, parallel plates clamped through the web across the joint of two successive rails so as to form a well-supported running surface NOTE Fishplate
17、s are used to form a resilient rail joint. 2.9 formation track work foundation which consists of a compacted layer of material, preferably impervious to water, on which the ballast and other track structure will be placed NOTE The formation constitutes the lowest portion of the track structure suppo
18、rt. 2.10 gauge shortest distance between the internal vertical surfaces of the rail crowns 2.11 gauge widening increase in the nominal gauge SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 5 2.12 geometry track geometry is the generic term describing the position of the rails in three dimensional space (see annex A) 2.
19、13 grade line surveyed line that provides a vertical datum at any required point along the haulage 2.14 high speed haulage underground haulage specifically designed for the transport of large tonnages of ore at speeds in excess of 16 km/h 2.15 horizontal differential at joint horizontal difference b
20、etween two rail ends at a joint measured on the inside of the crown of the rail 2.16 horizontal misalignment kinks deviation from the required horizontal alignment of both rails in the track at the same point Figure 2 Kinks 2.17 locomotive self-propelled mobile machine that operates on rails, that r
21、equires a driver and is specifically designed and constructed for the purpose of performing traction operations 2.18 low speed haulage underground haulage used for the transport of people, explosives, materials and ore safely at speeds up to a maximum of 5 km/h NOTE This quality of haulage represent
22、s the minimum acceptable standard. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 6 2.19 medium speed haulage underground haulage used for the transport of people, explosives, materials and ore safely at speeds up to a maximum of 16 km/h 2.20 permanent way rails, sleepers, fastenings and ballast which are laid and fix
23、ed in a proper position for the passage of trains 2.21 permanent way material rails, sleepers, fastenings and other track materials used in the trackwork 2.22 rail bound equipment rolling stock, locomotives and any other such item used for the movement of personnel, minerals, material, explosives an
24、d equipment on a track system 2.23 rail joints means by which the rails are joined together to form a longer continuous, running surface 2.24 rails rolled steel sections of varying composition, quality and size, which provide a continuous, running surface upon which the rail bound equipment can run
25、2.25 rolling stock any item of equipment that is designed to run on a track system but is not self-propelled 2.26 run of mine waste rock material resulting from the blasting operations in tunnel developments that can be used as track support material 2.27 services services contained within haulages
26、usually incorporate compressed air, water, chilled water, drainage columns, electricity and ventilation 2.28 shaft station safety devices any device utilized to prevent the free and unrestricted movement of any item of the rail bound equipment within the shaft station area, thereby preventing any su
27、ch vehicle from entering the shaft itself 2.29 sleepers support structures made from a variety of materials that, when placed on the ballast, provide a suitable point of attachment for the rails which will then be maintained at the nominal gauge and geometry 2.30 superelevation on a curve difference
28、 in height between the inner and the outer rails of a curve SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 7 2.31 superelevation on a straight constant vertical difference in height between two rails at the same point in a track Figure 3 Superelevation on a straight 2.32 tamping act of consolidating the ballast under
29、the load bearing portion of the sleeper 2.33 track drainage arrangement of the well-compacted formation inclined at a slope of between 1:20 and 1:30 towards the drain NOTE This arrangement is not used for the transportation of water from the working areas to the shaft but rather for the removal of w
30、ater from the ballast and the track structure. 2.34 track structure permanent way material that is placed on the top of the ballast formation 2.35 tramming all activities required to operate the rail bound equipment 2.36 turnout mechanisms which enable the traffic to switch from one track to another
31、 2.37 vertical differential at joint vertical difference in height between two rail ends at a joint measured at the crown of the rail 2.38 vertical misalignment (slacks) deviation from the required vertical alignment of both rails in the track at the same point SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 8 Figure 4
32、 Slacks 2.39 wane original, rounded tree surface or defective edge of a timber sleeper, where the bark was removed 2.40 wheel base distance between the axle centres on the rail bound equipment 3 Design If the requirements of this standard are met, no supplementary designs for medium speed and low sp
33、eed haulages are required. For a high speed haulage, a professional engineer or professional technologist, who is registered with the approving authority (see foreword), shall approve the design. Classification of low, medium and high speed haulages shall be in accordance with table B.1. NOTE Inform
34、ation on a typical haulage cross-section is given in annex C. 4 Track technology 4.1 Functions of track structure components 4.1.1 Rails The rails shall a) act as a guide to the rail bound equipment and to provide an even, continuous running surface, and b) distribute the wheel contact forces. NOTE
35、1 The use of pre-drilled or punched rails, even if the track is to be welded, facilitates handling. The cutting of the rails can be carried out by any of the accepted means, namely friction saw or power hack saw (railsaw). Flame cutting is not a recommended method of cutting the rails for discontinu
36、ous rail joints. NOTE 2 Annex D presents several selection criteria and various types of turnouts generally used underground. NOTE 3 Annex E provides dimensions for various sizes of rails and also information on marking of rails. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 9 4.1.2 Rail joints The purpose of a rail
37、joint is to join together individual portions of the rail to form a continuous, running surface. A rail joint should take one of two forms, a fishplated joint (discontinuous) or a welded joint (continuous). NOTE Annex F provides information on rail joints. Joints are laid within the maximum permissi
38、ble deviation given in annex G, square across the track on straights and not staggered. It is good practice to place the sleepers on each side of the joint, but not directly under the joint. NOTE See annex H for the joint sleeper spacing. 4.1.3 Rail seats Rail seats shall provide an interface betwee
39、n the sleeper and the rail and incorporate a 1:20 rail camber. 4.1.4 Rail fasteners Rail fasteners shall provide a positive and preferably elastic clamping connection between the rails and the sleepers that prevent the lateral overturning movement of the rails, and shall maintain the track gauge (se
40、e annex I). 4.1.5 Sleepers The sleepers shall maintain the gauge, impart lateral and longitudinal stability, support the track structure and transmit loads from the rails to the support structure. 4.1.6 Ballast The ballast shall transfer and distribute the applied loads and hold the sleepers in plac
41、e horizontally and laterally. NOTE Nominal sized crushed stone ballast provides a resilient bed for the track, allows water to drain off readily and makes easy adjustment of the track geometry possible. 4.1.7 Formation The formation shall provide a compacted solid and stable foundation to transfer l
42、oads to the footwall and to ensure track drainage. 4.1.8 Drains Drains shall allow for continuous drainage to ensure that water does not accumulate in the track structure. 4.1.9 Turnouts (switches) Turnouts (switches) shall enable the traffic to switch from one track to another. 4.1.10 Chair plates
43、(sole plates) Chair plates (sole plates) shall provide rail camber and load distribution, and shall prevent fretting wear of the wooden sleepers. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 10 4.1.11 Gauge ties (gauge bars) Gauge ties (gauge bars) shall be employed where necessary to help maintain the gauge of the
44、track. 5 Maintenance 5.1 General Every mine shall develop and implement an effective maintenance management system based on risk assessment having due regard for duty cycle and operating conditions. This maintenance management system shall include recording and remediation of all derailments. 5.2 Un
45、acceptable practices (not covered in annex B) The following are unacceptable practices: a) water or slurry above sleeper; b) broken rails; c) crown wear greater than 50 % (see also annex E); d) makeshift supplementary horizontal supports; e) deformed or inoperable switchblades (including twisted or
46、bent); g) more than three consecutive unsupported sleepers; i) missing fishplates or fishplate bolts; j) fishplates bent to form a curve; k) spillage which could result in a derailment; l) excessive mud or spillage which prevents effective inspection of trackwork; and m) makeshift joint fillers. SAN
47、S 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 11 Annex A (informative) Track geometry Figure A.1 Description of track geometry SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 12 Annex B (normative) Classification criteria Table B.1 Classification criteria for tracks 1 2 3 4 Class of track Item High speed haulage Medium speed haulage Low sp
48、eed haulage Max. axle load, tons 10 10 10 Max. speed (on straight) km/h 16 16 5 Min. rail size, kg/m 30 22 22 Sleeper spacing (Minimum sleepers per 9 m rail length) 13 12 11 Min. curve radii, m 100 30 15 Min. curve radiia), m 150 45 30 a For new installations, these figures represent the best practi
49、ce guidelines. SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 13 Annex C (informative) Typical haulage cross-sections Figure C.1 Typical haulage cross-section with retaining wall SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 14 Figure C.2 Typical haulage cross-section without retaining wall SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 15 Annex D (informative) Turnouts and special trackwork Figure D.1 A typical turnout (switch) SANS 10339:2009 Edition 2.1 16 Table D.1 Types of turnouts 1 2 3 Type Description Limits Australian This switch system has one moving part commonly called a movable stock and switc
