1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21918-5 SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Light ladders Part 2: Portable aluminium ladders, steps and trestles for
4、 household use Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Editi
5、on 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of the British Standards Institution. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 214, Access equipment
6、Elevating work platforms, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2009. This document supersedes SABS 1304:1980 (edition 1). SANS 1304 consists of the following parts, under the general
7、 title Light ladders: Part 2: Portable aluminium ladders, steps and trestles for household use. Part 3: Portable aluminium ladders, steps and trestles for industrial and commercial use. Annexes C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K and L form an integral part of this document. Annexes A and B are for information o
8、nly. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions . 4 4 General requirements 5 4.1 Safe working load and colour coding 5 4.2
9、 Materials . 5 4.3 Tolerances on sizes 7 4.4 Marking . 7 5 Specific types of ladders and steps . 7 5.1 Single-section ladders and extension ladders . 7 5.2 A-frame ladders 11 5.3 Folding platform steps 13 5.4 A-frame double-sided ladders . 14 5.5 Folding trestles of aluminium construction. 15 5.6 Co
10、mbination ladders . 15 Annex A (informative) Recommendations for the safe use of domestic ladders . 18 Annex B (informative) General test information for domestic ladders . 19 Annex C (normative) Test for deflection of domestic ladders and step fronts. 19 Annex D (normative) Strength test for domest
11、ic ladders, step fronts and trestle frames . 20 Annex E (normative) Domestic ladder twist test 21 Annex F (normative) Sideways bending (sway) test for domestic ladders, step fronts and trestle frames 22 Annex G (normative) Cantilever bending (horn end strength) test for domestic ladders, step fronts
12、 and trestle frames 23 Annex H (normative) Test for rungs on domestic ladders 25 Annex I (normative) Torque test for rungs on domestic ladders . 25 Annex J (normative) Test for extension ladders . 25 Annex K (normative) Test for steps on domestic ladders 26 Annex L (normative) Test for trestles on d
13、omestic ladders . 27 Bibliography . 28 This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 2 This page is intentionally left blank This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing client
14、s of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 3 Light ladders Part 2: Portable aluminium ladders, steps and trestles for household use 1 Scope 1.1 This standard specifies requirements for material, construction and performance of portable aluminium ladders, steps and trestles for domestic use of the foll
15、owing types: a) single-section ladders, including shelf ladders; b) extension ladders; c) A-frame and double-sided A-frame ladders and folding platform steps; and d) combination ladders. 1.2 This standard does not apply to ladders for commercial use or special professional use such as fire brigade l
16、adders or mobile ladders, which require mechanical aids for erection. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced d
17、ocument (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. EN 485-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Sheet, strip and plate Part 2: Mechanical properties. EN 515, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Wrou
18、ght products Temper designations. EN 573-3, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Chemical composition and form of wrought products Part 3: Chemical composition and form of products. EN 573-5, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Chemical composition and form of wrought products Part 5: Codification of standardi
19、zed wrought products. EN 586-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Forgings Part 2: Mechanical properties and additional property requirements. EN 603-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Wrought forging stock Part 2: Mechanical properties. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscriptio
20、n and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 4 EN 754-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Cold drawn rod/bar and tube Part 2: Mechanical properties. EN 1559-4, Founding Technical conditions of delivery Part 4: Additional requirements for aluminium alloy castings. EN 1562, Founding
21、Malleable cast irons. EN 1592-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys HF seam welded tubes Part 2: Mechanical properties. SANS 50755-2/EN 755-2, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles Part 2: Mechanical properties. SANS 51706/EN 1706, Aluminium and aluminium alloys Castings Che
22、mical composition and mechanical properties. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply. 3.1 A-frame ladder standing step ladder in which the top is in the form of a tread and the back is merely a supporting frame 3.2 combination ladder ladder consisting of two
23、sections, which can be used in two or more of the following combinations as: a) a leaning extension ladder; or b) a stairwell ladder, i.e. a standing ladder which can be adjusted for differences in fore and aft ground level; or c) a standing A-frame ladder in which both sets of stiles are fitted wit
24、h rungs or treads. 3.3 double sided A-frame ladder standing step ladder in which both set of stiles are fitted with treads 3.4 extension ladder leaning ladder consisting of two or three sections constructed so that the height can be varied, in increments of one rung spacing, by sliding the sections
25、relative to each other 3.5 folding platform steps standing step ladder in which the top is constructed in the form of a working platform 3.6 household ladder (domestic) ladder designed for occasional use in non-commercial activities with a safe working load (SWL) of 100 kg This standard may only be
26、used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 5 3.7 nominal length length measured along the face of the stiles 3.8 pole rung device fitted to the upper most section of a ladder , replacing the top rung and is shaped so that it fits against
27、a round pole 3.9 single-section ladder leaning ladder constructed and used as a single unit 3.10 spacing (of rungs, treads or cross-bearers) distance, measured along the longitudinal axis of the stiles between the same relative positions of the members 3.11 spreader bar stabilising bar attached to t
28、he base of the stiles running horizontally and parallel to the rungs or treads 3.12 steps horizontal member joining two stiles 3.13 stiles side members to which the rungs, treads or cross-bearers are fitted 4 General requirements 4.1 Safe working load and colour coding The safe working load shall be
29、 a minimum of 100 kg and the load-rating label shall be colour coded with signal red (A11). 4.2 Materials 4.2.1 General The construction and materials from which the component parts are made shall be in accordance with 4.2.2 to 4.2.5. 4.2.2 Guide brackets and fixed and latching hooks Guide brackets
30、and fixed and latching hooks shall be made from the materials given in either a), b), c) or d), as follows: a) aluminium alloys, as specified in 4.2.5; b) mild steel; c) whiteheart malleable cast iron conforming to, EN 1562; or d) plastics (suitable for the intended application) or see Note 2 in 4.2
31、.5. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 6 4.2.3 Hinges Hinges shall be made from the materials given in either a), b), c) or d) as follows: a) aluminium alloys , as specified in 5.5; b) forged steel or ste
32、el strip; c) whiteheart malleable cast iron conforming to EN 1562; or d) plastics (suitable for the intended application) or see Note 2 in 4.2.5. 4.2.4 Feet of stiles and capping for upper ends of stiles or ends of treads Feet of stiles and capping for upper ends of stiles or ends of treads shall be
33、 made from the materials given in either a), b), c), d) or e) as follows: a) plastics (suitable for the intended application) or see Note 2 in 4.2.5; b) rubber; c) timber; d) steel; or e) aluminium. 4.2.5 Other components Other components shall be made from aluminium alloys as given in a) to f) as f
34、ollows: a) drawn tube: designation 6063 (HT9) and 6082 (HT30) of EN 573-3, EN 573-5 and EN 754-2; b) extruded sections: designation 6063 (HE9), 6082 (HE30), 6063A, 1200 (EIC), 6005A and 6061 (HE20) of EN 515, EN 573-3, EN 573-5 and SANS 50755-2 minimum material thickness of 1,2 mm; c) longitudinally
35、 welded tube: designation 5251 (NJ4) of EN 1592-2 and 3005, 5040, 5049 and 5454; d) castings: LM6 and LM25 of EN 1559-4, SANS 51706; e) components formed from sheet and strip: designation 1200 (SIC), 3103 (NS3), 5154A (NS5), 5251 (NS4) and 6082 (HS30) of EN 485-2, EN 515, EN 573-3, EN 573-5; and f)
36、forgings: 6082 (HF30) of EN 515, EN 573-3, EN 573-5, EN 586-2, EN 603-2. NOTE 1 Ferrous materials should be protected against corrosion by means of hot dip galvanizing (see SANS 121) or sherardizing (see SANS 53811) or powder coating (see SANS 1274) or electroplating (see SANS 2081). NOTE 2 Plastic
37、materials and rubber should be selected having regard to the stresses to which they may be subjected and their resistance to environmental deterioration, especially that due to ultraviolet light. NOTE 3 Care should be taken not to confuse proprietary or manufacturers four digit designations with the
38、 aligned BS, IRR, or ISO designations. Further information on this identification system may be found in EN 573-1, EN 573-2, EN 515. This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 7 4.3 Tolerances on sizes 4.3.1 The
39、spacing of rungs and treads on an individual ladder shall not vary by more than 2,0 mm from the nominal spacing selected by the manufacturer from the range specified in clause 5. 4.3.2 A tolerance of 25 mm (excluding fittings) shall be permitted on the nominal length of all ladders covered by this s
40、tandard. 4.4 Marking The following markings shall be displayed on the ladders and steps: a) duty rating; b) maximum length (closed and extended); c) the name or brand, trademark, model code of the manufacturer; d) angle of inclination of straight and extension ladder; e) conductivity warning; f) max
41、imum standing height warning; g) date of manufacture; h) mass of ladder if it exceeds 25 kg; and i) instructions indicating the correct use of the ladder. NOTE See annex A for these instructions and pictograms. 5 Specific types of ladders and steps NOTE For general information on testing of ladders
42、and steps, see annex B. 5.1 Single-section ladders and extension ladders 5.1.1 Construction 5.1.1.1 Lengths The nominal length shall be up to and including 7,8 m. 5.1.1.2 Distance between stiles The clear distance between the stiles at any point shall be not less than 300 mm. 5.1.1.3 Feet The lower
43、end of each stile shall be closed by blocks of wood, slip-resistant plastics, rubber, steel, aluminium or fitted with an articulated foot soled with slip-resistant material. The feet shall project to form a wearing surface and shall be securely fixed but easily removable for renewal. 5.1.1.4 Rungs E
44、ach rung shall have a textured surface on the working face to reduce slipping. All rungs shall be securely fixed to the stile and if the ends of the rungs protrude through the stiles they shall be smoothly finished so as not to injure a users hands. This standard may only be used and printed by appr
45、oved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.SANS 1304-2:2009 Edition 1 8 5.1.1.5 Spacing of rungs Rungs shall be uniformly spaced at 275 mm to 310 mm centres. The distance from the ends of the stiles to the nearest rung centre shall be 135 mm to 310 mm. A pole rung or guide shall be includ
46、ed as a rung. 5.1.1.6 Extension locking device The extension locking device shall be designed to withstand all performance tests. Locks may be of any design, such as gravity, spring-action, rope-operated, or stationary types. (See 5.1.2.9). 5.1.1.7 Ropes The strength of rope attachments shall be suc
47、h as to provide a factor of safety of not less than six times the mass of the extending sections. 5.1.1.8 Overlap of sections of extension ladders When fully extended, the effective overlap between adjacent sections of the ladder shall overlap the adjacent section with at least a two rung overlap. 5
48、.1.2 Performance of single-section ladders and extension ladders 5.1.2.1 Deflection under load When tested in accordance with annex C, the deflection of the loaded stiles shall not exceed the limit determined by the following equations (see also figure 1): 37,2 L = where is the maximum allowable def
49、lection for ladders, in millimetres; and L is the test span, in millimetres. In addition, after removal of the test load there shall be no permanent damage and the residual deflection shall not exceed 1 mm per metre of test span. 5.1.2.2 Torsional rigidity When tested in accordance with annex C, the difference between the deflection of the two stiles shall not exceed the limit determined by the following equations (see also figure 2): Maximum allowable difference between deflections (in mm) for ladders with a test span of less than 3
