1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22680-0 SANS 14577-3:2009Edition 1ISO 14577-3:2002Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Metallic materials Instrumented indentation tes
4、t for hardness and materials parameters Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 14577-3:2002 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road
5、Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 14577-3:2009 Edition 1 ISO 14577-3:2002 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 164, Engineeri
6、ng materials Mechanical testing of metals, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2009. Reference numberISO 14577-3:2002(E)ISO 2002INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO14577-3First edition200
7、2-10-01Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks Matriaux mtalliques Essai de pntration instrument pour la dtermination de la duret et de paramtres des matriaux Partie 3: talonnage des blocs de rfrence SANS 14577-3:
8、2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless
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11、he unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2002 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inclu
12、ding photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.ch Web www.iso.ch Printed i
13、n Switzerland ii ISO 2002 All rights reservedSANS 14577-3:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction. v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 M
14、anufacture of reference blocks. 1 4 Calibrating machine 2 5 Calibration procedure. 5 6 Number of indentations 5 7 Uniformity of the reference blocks 5 8 Marking. 6 9 Validity 7 Annex A (informative) Examples of reference blocks. 8 Bibliography 9 SANS 14577-3:2009This s tandard may only be used and p
15、rinted by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) iv ISO 2002 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St
16、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also
17、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committee
18、s is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possib
19、ility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 14577 may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 14577-3 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 164, Mechanical testing of metals, Subcommittee SC 3, Hardness testin
20、g. ISO 14577 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters: Part 1: Test method Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks Annex A of this part of I
21、SO 14577 is for information only. SANS 14577-3:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved vIntroduction Hardness has typically been defined as the resistance of a material to permanent
22、 penetration by another harder material. The results obtained when performing Rockwell, Vickers and Brinell tests are determined after the test force has been removed. Therefore, the effect of elastic deformation under the indenter has been ignored. ISO 14577 has been prepared to enable the user to
23、evaluate the indentation of materials by considering both the force and displacement during plastic and elastic deformation. By monitoring the complete cycle of increasing and removal of the test force, hardness values equivalent to traditional hardness values can be determined. More significantly,
24、additional properties of the material, such as its indentation modulus and elasto-plastic hardness, can also be determined. All these values can be calculated without the need to measure the indent optically. ISO 14577 has been written to allow a wide variety of post test data analysis. SANS 14577-3
25、:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 14577-3:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14577-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights res
26、erved 1Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks 1 Scope This part of ISO 14577 specifies a method for the calibration of reference blocks to be used for the indirect verification of testing machines for the instrum
27、ented indentation test, as specified in ISO 14577-2. NOTE The reference blocks may be calibrated in accordance with the field of application of the testing machine or with the materials parameters which are to be determined. 2 Normative references The following normative documents contain provisions
28、 which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 14577. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 14577 are encouraged to investigate the possibili
29、ty of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 376:1999, Metallic materials Calibra
30、tion of force-proving instruments used for the verification of uniaxial testing machines ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) Surface texture: Profile method Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters ISO 14577-1:2002, Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardnes
31、s and materials parameters Part 1: Test method ISO 14577-2:2002, Metallic materials Instrumented indentation test for hardness and materials parameters Part 2: Verification and calibration of testing machines ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) 1)3 Manufacture of referenc
32、e blocks 3.1 The block shall be specially prepared and the attention of the manufacturer drawn to the need to use a manufacturing process which will give the necessary homogeneity, uniformity and stability of structure. 1) Published in 1993; corrected and reprinted in 1995. SANS 14577-3:2009This s t
33、andard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) 2 ISO 2002 All rights reserved3.2 Each block to be calibrated shall be of a thickness not less than 2 mm for the nano range, not less than 6 mm for the micro and not less than 16 mm
34、for the macro range. NOTE If it is required by the manufacturing process, these values may be lower. 3.3 The reference blocks shall be free from magnetic forces. It is recommended that the manufacturer ensure that the blocks, if of steel, have been demagnetized at the end of the manufacturing proces
35、s. 3.4 The reference block shall be constructed such that it can be mounted in the testing machine within the tilt limits specified in ISO 14577-1. NOTE If the reference block is mounted on its bottom, this condition is valid if the maximum deviation in flatness of the test and support faces does no
36、t exceed 5 m in 50 mm and the maximum error in parallelism does not exceed 10 m in 50 mm. 3.5 The test surface shall be free from scratches that interfere with the measurement of the indentations. Indentations between scratches are permitted. For the macro and micro range the surface roughness, Ra,
37、shall not exceed 15 nm for the test surface and 0,8 m for the support face; the sampling length, l, shall be 0,80 mm (see ISO 4287). For the nano range the surface roughness, Ra, shall not exceed 10 nm. If measured with an atomic-force-microscope (AMF) the sampling length, l, shall be 10 m. NOTE At
38、the nano range it is important to consider the spatial wavelength of the roughness as well as the amplitude. 3.6 In order to check that no material has been subsequently removed from the reference block, its thickness at the time of calibration shall be marked on it to the nearest 10 m, or an indent
39、ifying mark shall be made on the test surface (see clause 8). NOTE 1 For some nano range reference materials, it may be a necessary step to prepare a surface before test in a manner that removes surface layers. In this case a method such as a mark of defined depth should be used to reveal when a sig
40、nificant amount of material has been removed. Certification for nano range indentations may cover reference block depths much less than 10 m. NOTE 2 Examples of materials for reference blocks are given in annex A. 4 Calibrating machine 4.1 General In addition to fulfilling the general conditions spe
41、cified in ISO 14577-2, the calibrating machine shall also meet the requirements listed in 4.2 to 4.5. The calibrating machine shall be verified directly at intervals not exceeding 12 months. Direct verification involves: a) calibration of the test force; b) verification of the indenter; c) calibrati
42、on of the displacement measuring system; d) verification of the testing cycle. The instruments used for verification and calibration shall be traceable to National Standards as far as available. SANS 14577-3:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing cli
43、ents of the SABS .ISO 14577-3:2002(E) ISO 2002 All rights reserved 34.2 Calibration of the test force Each test force shall be accurate to the nominal value specified in ISO 14577-1 to within: a) 0,25 % for the macro range, b) 0,5 % for the micro range, c) the larger of 0,5 % or 10 N for the nano ra
44、nge, and shall be calibrated as described in 4.3.1 of ISO 14577-2:2002. The force shall be measured with force-proving instruments of class 0,5 in accordance with ISO 376 or by another method having the same accuracy. 4.3 Verification of the indenters 4.3.1 General The certified measured values (e.g
45、. angle; radius etc.) of the indenter shall be used in all calculations and, where indentation depth is u 6 m, the certified indenter area function shall be used. NOTE In the nano and low micro ranges (h 1 000 nm), the tolerances on the indenter angles are not normally achieved. The sharpness of the
46、 tip is likely to have the most significant impact on the measurement. It is difficult to determine the radius of curvature of an indenter to better than 10 nm as this is the likely radius of an AFM probe. Indentation methods using certified modulus reference blocks are easier for users but only giv
47、e a projected area value and so are ambiguous about shape. Because of the important requirement that the uncertainty of the measured area function is low it is recommended to carefully consider the type of indenter and material parameter used for the calibration of reference blocks in the nano and l
48、ow micro ranges. 4.3.2 Vickers indenter 4.3.2.1 The four faces of the square based diamond pyramid shall be highly polished, free from surface defects and flat to within 0,000 3 mm. 4.3.2.2 The angle between opposite faces of the vertex of the diamond pyramid shall be (136 0,3), see Figure 2 of ISO
49、14577-2:2002. The maximum uncertainty in the certified angle shall be 0,15 at the 95 % confidence level. The inclination of the axis of the diamond pyramid to the axis of the indenter holder (normal to the seating surface) shall be less than 0,3. NOTE The point of the diamond indenter should be examined using a high power measuring microscope or preferably using an interference microscope or an atomic-force-microscope. 4.3.2.3 If the four faces do not meet at a point, the line of
