1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20825-7 SANS 16063-21:2008Edition 1ISO 16063-21:2003Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Methods for the calibration of vibration and
4、shock transducers Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 16063-21:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr late
5、gan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 16063-21:2008 Edition 1 ISO 16063-21:2003 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was
6、approved by National Committee StanSA TC 76, Acoustics, electro-acoustics and vibration, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2008. Reference numberISO 16063-21:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNA
7、TIONAL STANDARD ISO16063-21First edition2003-08-15Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Mthodes pour ltalonnage des transducteurs de vibrations et de chocs Partie 21: talonnage de vibrations par comparais
8、on un transducteur de rfrence SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-21:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be pri
9、nted or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no l
10、iability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file i
11、s suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
12、by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-
13、mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedSANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Int
14、roduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Uncertainty of measurement 2 4 Requirements for apparatus and environmental conditions 3 4.1 General. 3 4.2 Environmental conditions 3 4.3 Reference transducer . 3 4.4 Vibration generation equipment 4 4.5 Voltage measuring instrumentation 6 4.6 Dist
15、ortion measuring instrumentation 6 4.7 Oscilloscope 7 4.8 Phase shift measuring instrumentation . 7 5 Calibration 7 5.1 Preferred amplitudes and frequencies . 7 5.2 Measurement requirements . 7 5.3 Calibration procedure. 8 6 Expression of results 8 7 Reporting the calibration results. 9 Annex A (nor
16、mative) Expression of uncertainty of measurement in calibration 11 Annex B (normative) Definitions of amplitude sign and phase shift between mechanical motion and vibration transducer electrical output. 20 Annex C (informative) Nomogram for conversion between acceleration, velocity and displacement
17、. 22 Annex D (informative) Example of uncertainty calculation 24 Bibliography . 29 SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-21:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organizat
18、ion for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established h
19、as the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Int
20、ernational Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Public
21、ation as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent ri
22、ghts. ISO 16063-21 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 108, Mechanical vibration and shock, Subcommittee SC 3, Use and calibration of vibration and shock measuring instruments. This first edition of ISO 16063-21 cancels and replaces ISO 5347-3:1993, which has been technically revised. ISO 160
23、63 consists of the following parts, under the general title Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers: Part 1: Basic concepts Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Part 12: Primary vibration calibration by the reciprocity method Part 13: Primary shock ca
24、libration using laser interferometry Part 21: Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer Part 22: Shock calibration by comparison to an accelerometer, velocity or force transducer SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailin
25、g clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction The ISO 16063 series of standards is concerned with methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers under both standard laboratory conditions and in the field. As such, the intended user group of th
26、is part of ISO 16063 is wide, ranging from metrologists in mechanical vibration to technicians evaluating the vibration characteristics of a machine or structure, or human exposure to vibration. The key to the application of this part of ISO 16063 is in the careful detailed specification and evaluat
27、ion of measurement uncertainty, i.e. the error budget and computation of expanded uncertainty associated with the measurement of vibration. This part of ISO 16063 is particularly intended for those engaged in vibration measurements requiring traceability to primary national or international standard
28、s through a secondary, reference, working or check standard (portable calibrator intended for field use) as defined in the International vocabulary of basic and general terms in metrology (VIM). The specifications for the instrumentation and the procedures given are intended to be used for calibrati
29、on of rectilinear vibration transducers (with or without signal conditioning) to obtain the magnitude and (optionally) phase shift of the complex sensitivity at frequencies in the range of 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and fr
30、eemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16063-21:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 21:
31、 Vibration calibration by comparison to a reference transducer 1 Scope This part of ISO 16063 describes the calibration of rectilinear vibration transducers by comparison. Although it mainly describes calibration using direct comparison to a standard calibrated by primary methods, the methods descri
32、bed can be applied between other levels in the calibration hierarchy. This part of ISO 16063 specifies procedures for performing calibrations of rectilinear vibration transducers by comparison in the frequency range from 0,4 Hz to 10 kHz. It is primarily intended for those who are required to meet I
33、SO standardized methods for the measurement of vibration under laboratory conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement is relatively small. It can also be used under field conditions, where the uncertainty of measurement may be relatively large. From knowledge of all significant sources of uncer
34、tainty affecting the calibration, the expanded uncertainty can be evaluated using the methods given in this part of ISO 16063. It also covers the assessment of uncertainties for calibrations performed using a check standard. Comparison calibrations made in accordance with this part of ISO 16063 need
35、 to allow for the environmental conditions of the reference transducer calibration. NOTE Transducer calibrations made under extreme environmental conditions are covered by other International Standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application o
36、f this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 266, Acoustics Preferred frequencies ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock Vocabulary ISO 16063-1:1998, Methods for the ca
37、libration of vibration and shock transducers Part 1: Basic concepts ISO 16063-11:1999, Methods for the calibration of vibration and shock transducers Part 11: Primary vibration calibration by laser interferometry Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM). BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPA
38、C, IUPAP, OIML, 19931)1) Corrected and reprinted in 1995. SANS 16063-21:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 16063-21:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserved3 Uncertainty of measurement 3.1 All users of this part of ISO 1606
39、3 are expected to make uncertainty budgets according to Annex A to document their level of uncertainty (see example in Annex D). To help set up systems fulfilling different requirements two examples are given. System requirements for each are set up and the attainable uncertainty is given. Example 1
40、 is typical for calibrations under well-controlled laboratory conditions with the requirement to obtain a high accuracy. Example 2 is typical for calibrations where less than the highest accuracy can be accepted or where calibration conditions are such that only less narrow tolerances can be maintai
41、ned. These two examples will be used throughout this part of ISO 16063. a) Example 1 The reference transducer is calibrated by primary means and documented uncertainty. The calibration may be transferred to a working standard for practical reasons. The temperature and other conditions are kept withi
42、n narrow limits during the comparison calibration as indicated in the appropriate clauses. b) Example 2 The reference transducer is not calibrated by primary means, but has a traceable calibration, as defined in VIM (see 2), with the corresponding uncertainty documented. The calibration may be trans
43、ferred to a working standard for practical reasons. The requirements on other parameters and instruments are indicated in the appropriate clauses. 3.2 For both examples, the minimum calibration requirement for the reference transducer is calibration under suitable reference conditions (i.e. frequenc
44、y, amplitude and temperature). Normally the conditions will be chosen as indicated in ISO 16063-11. It is applicable for the following parameters: Frequency range: 20 Hz to 5 000 Hz, optionally 0,4 Hz to 10 000 Hz (see Note 1) Dynamic range: 10 m/s2to 1 000 m/s2r.m.s., optionally 0,1 m/s2to 1 000 m/
45、s2(frequency dependent) NOTE The indicated frequency ranges are not mandatory and single-point calibrations are also acceptable. At any given frequency and amplitude of acceleration, velocity or displacement, the dynamic range will be limited by the noise floor and the amount of distortion produced
46、by the excitation apparatus (if no filtering is used) or its maximum power. (Techniques are also used to counteract the inherent distortion at large displacements for spring-controlled exciters by changing the waveform of the input voltage.) Typical maximum values for electrodynamic vibration excite
47、rs designed for the frequency range from 10 Hz to 10 kHz are 200 m/s2to 1000 m/s2r.m.s. acceleration, 0,5 m/s to 1 m/s r.m.s. velocity and 5 mm peak displacement. The lower limits will be set by the noise in the two measurement channels, and by the bandwidth used. Typical values used for measurement
48、 are 50 m/s2to 100 m/s2r.m.s. acceleration or 0,1 m/s r.m.s. velocity. For calibrators, values between 1 m/s2and 10 m/s2r.m.s. are normally used. A graph similar to the one shown in Annex C is useful when considering the ranges covered. When measurements are performed at the lowest frequencies, the
49、limiting factor is normally displacement. At 1 Hz, typical values for long-stroke vibrators are 1 m/s2to 2 m/s2r.m.s. acceleration or 0,1 m/s to 0,3 m/s r.m.s. velocity. 3.3 The attainable uncertainties (expanded uncertainties calculated using a coverage factor of 2 in accordance with ISO 16063-1) for the two examples are given in Table 1. In practice, these limits may be exceeded depending on the uncertainty with which the reference transducer has been calibrated, the response characteristics of the reference transducer a
