1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23407-2 SANS 17090-1:2009Edition 2 ISO 17090-1:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Health informatics Public key infrastructure P
4、art 1: Overview of digital certificate services This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 17090-1:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pret
5、oria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 17090-1:2009 Edition 2 ISO 17090-1:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 215, Health informatics, in accordance with pr
6、ocedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in December 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 17090-1:2003 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 17090-1:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17090-1First edition2008-
7、02-15Health informatics Public key infrastructure Part 1: Overview of digital certificate services Informatique de sant Infrastructure de cl publique Partie 1: Vue densemble des services de certificat numrique SANS 17090-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and
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11、entral Secretariat at the address given below. COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2008 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permiss
12、ion in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reserve
13、dSANS 17090-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17090-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 3.1 Healthcare co
14、ntext terms. 2 3.2 Security services terms . 3 3.3 Public key infrastructure related terms 6 4 Abbreviations 9 5 Healthcare context 10 5.1 Certificate holders and relying parties in healthcare 10 5.2 Examples of actors. 10 5.3 Applicability of digital certificates to healthcare.12 6 Requirements for
15、 security services in healthcare applications 12 6.1 Healthcare characteristics . 12 6.2 Digital certificate technical requirements in healthcare . 13 6.3 Separation of authentication from encipherment . 14 6.4 Health industry security management framework for digital certificates. 15 6.5 Policy req
16、uirements for digital certificate issuance and use in healthcare . 15 7 Public key cryptography 15 7.1 Symmetric vs asymmetric cryptography . 15 7.2 Digital certificates. 16 7.3 Digital signatures 16 7.4 Protecting the private key 16 8 Deploying digital certificates. 17 8.1 Necessary components . 17
17、 8.2 Establishing identity using qualified certificates 18 8.3 Establishing speciality and roles using identity certificates . 19 8.4 Using attribute certificates for authorization and access control . 20 9 Interoperability requirements 20 9.1 Overview 20 9.2 Options for deploying healthcare digital
18、 certificates across jurisdictions 21 9.3 Option usage . 22 Annex A (informative) Scenarios for the use of digital certificates in healthcare. 23 Bibliography . 35 SANS 17090-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17090-1:2
19、008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body
20、 interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotec
21、hnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by
22、the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent righ
23、ts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17090-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 215, Health informatics. This first edition cancels and replaces the Technical Specification (ISO/TS 17090-1:2002), which has been revised and brought to the st
24、atus of International Standard. ISO 17090 consists of the following parts, under the general title Health informatics Public key infrastructure: Part 1: Overview of digital certificate services Part 2: Certificate profile Part 3: Policy management of certification authority SANS 17090-1:2009This s t
25、andard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17090-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction The healthcare industry is faced with the challenge of reducing costs by moving from paper-based processes to automated electronic processe
26、s. New models of healthcare delivery are emphasizing the need for patient information to be shared among a growing number of specialist healthcare providers and across traditional organizational boundaries. Healthcare information concerning individual citizens is commonly interchanged by means of el
27、ectronic mail, remote database access, electronic data interchange and other applications. The Internet provides a highly cost-effective and accessible means of interchanging information, but it is also an insecure vehicle that demands additional measures be taken to maintain the privacy and confide
28、ntiality of information. Threats to the security of health information through unauthorized access (either inadvertent or deliberate) are increasing. It is essential to have available to the healthcare system, reliable information security services that minimize the risk of unauthorized access. How
29、does the healthcare industry provide appropriate protection for the data conveyed across the Internet in a practical, cost-effective way? Public key infrastructure (PKI) and digital certificate technology seek to address this challenge. The proper deployment of digital certificates requires a blend
30、of technology, policy and administrative processes that enable the exchange of sensitive data in an unsecured environment by the use of “public key cryptography” to protect information in transit and “certificates” to confirm the identity of a person or entity. In healthcare environments, this techn
31、ology uses authentication, encipherment and digital signatures to facilitate confidential access to, and movement of, individual health records to meet both clinical and administrative needs. The services offered by the deployment of digital certificates (including encipherment, information integrit
32、y and digital signatures) are able to address many of these security issues. This is especially the case if digital certificates are used in conjunction with an accredited information security standard. Many individual organizations around the world have started to use digital certificates for this
33、purpose. Interoperability of digital certificate technology and supporting policies, procedures and practices is of fundamental importance if information is to be exchanged between organizations and between jurisdictions in support of healthcare applications (for example between a hospital and a com
34、munity physician working with the same patient). Achieving interoperability between different digital certificate implementations requires the establishment of a framework of trust, under which parties responsible for protecting an individuals information rights may rely on the policies and practice
35、s and, by extension, the validity of digital certificates issued by other established authorities. Many countries are deploying digital certificates to support secure communications within their national boundaries. Inconsistencies will arise in policies and procedures between the certification auth
36、orities (CAs) and the registration authorities (RAs) of different countries if standards development activity is restricted to within national boundaries. Digital certificate technology is still evolving in certain aspects that are not specific to healthcare. Important standardization efforts and, i
37、n some cases, supporting legislation are ongoing. On the other hand, healthcare providers in many countries are already using or planning to use digital certificates. ISO 17090 seeks to address the need for guidance of these rapid international developments. SANS 17090-1:2009This s tandard may only
38、be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17090-1:2008(E) vi ISO 2008 All rights reservedISO 17090 describes the common technical, operational and policy requirements that need to be addressed to enable digital certificates to be used in protecting the exc
39、hange of healthcare information within a single domain, between domains and across jurisdictional boundaries. Its purpose is to create a platform for global interoperability. It specifically supports digital certificate-enabled communication across borders, but could also provide guidance for the na
40、tional or regional deployment of digital certificates in healthcare. The Internet is increasingly used as the vehicle of choice to support the movement of healthcare data between healthcare organizations and is the only realistic choice for cross-border communication in this sector. ISO 17090 should
41、 be approached as a whole, with the three parts all making a contribution to defining how digital certificates can be used to provide security services in the health industry, including authentication, confidentiality, data integrity and the technical capacity to support the quality of digital signa
42、ture. This part of ISO 17090 defines the basic concepts underlying the use of digital certificates in healthcare and provides a scheme of interoperability requirements to establish digital certificate-enabled secure communication of health information. ISO 17090-2 provides healthcare-specific profil
43、es of digital certificates based on the international standard X.509 and the profile of this, specified in IETF/RFC 3280 for different types of certificates. ISO 17090-3 deals with management issues involved in implementing and using digital certificates in healthcare. It defines a structure and min
44、imum requirements for certificate policies (CPs) and a structure for associated certification practice statements. ISO 17090-3 is based on the recommendations of the informational IETF/RFC 3647, and identifies the principles needed in a healthcare security policy for cross border communication. It a
45、lso defines the minimum levels of security required, concentrating on the aspects unique to healthcare. Comments on the content of this document, as well as comments, suggestions and information on the application of these standards, may be forwarded to the ISO/TC 215 secretariat at adickersonhimss.
46、org or WG4 convenor, Ross Fraser, and WG4 secretariat at w4consecmedis.or.jp. SANS 17090-1:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17090-1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Health informatics Public
47、key infrastructure Part 1: Overview of digital certificate services 1 Scope This part of ISO 17090 defines the basic concepts underlying use of digital certificates in healthcare and provides a scheme of interoperability requirements to establish a digital certificate-enabled secure communication of
48、 health information. It also identifies the major stakeholders who are communicating health-related information, as well as the main security services required for health communication where digital certificates may be required. This part of ISO 17090 gives a brief introduction to public key cryptog
49、raphy and the basic components needed to deploy digital certificates in healthcare. It further introduces different types of digital certificate identity certificates and associated attribute certificates for relying parties, self-signed certification authority (CA) certificates, and CA hierarchies and bridging structures. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest editi
