1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22063-1 SANS 17381:2008Edition 1ISO 17381:2003Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Water quality Selection and application of ready-to
4、-use test kit methods in water analysis This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 17381:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001T
5、el: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 17381:2008 Edition 1 ISO 17381:2003 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 147A, Water Water sampling and analysis, in accordance with
6、procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in October 2008. Reference numberISO 17381:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO17381First edition2003-12-15Water quality Selection and application of ready-to-use tes
7、t kit methods in water analysis Qualit de leau Choix et application des mthodes utilisant des kits prts lemploi en analyse de leau SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file m
8、ay contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the res
9、ponsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creat
10、ion parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless
11、 otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO cop
12、yright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedSANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of
13、the SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiContents PageForeword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Classification of ready-to-use methods 2 5 Typical areas for the application of ready-to-use methods 2 6 Selecting an analytical metho
14、d . 3 7 Requirements for the application of ready-to-use methods. 4 8 Quality assurance . 7 9 Documentation 7 Annex A (informative) Decision-making process 9 Annex B (informative) Case studies for the decision-making process 10 SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved s
15、ubscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) iv ISO 2003 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally ca
16、rried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work
17、. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare Intern
18、ational Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the
19、 elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 17381 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147, Water quality. SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscriptio
20、n and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved vIntroduction In water and waste-water monitoring, an appropriate, standardized procedure exists for practically every parameter to be investigated. However, in certain circumstances, the employment of a simpler, f
21、aster and often more economical method is preferred, provided that this does not entail a breach of legislation. This International Standard refers to methods for the analysis of water samples which can be undertaken outside the analytical laboratory, either on-site or as a field test, when the purp
22、ose of the test is to characterize the water under test for either quality or control purposes. In the case of determinands which are unstable after sampling, and which cannot be stabilized, ready-to-use methods provide the most suitable means of obtaining reliable test results. The test methods are
23、 simple procedures for use by a non-chemist after suitable training as well as by the trained chemist. The methods described in this International Standard are not intended as a substitute for, or alternative to, other standards on the quantitative analysis of waters, which remain the reference meth
24、ods for use in the laboratory. The choice of the most suitable method depends upon the type of analysis required, and on the necessary quality of the results. This International Standard is intended to set out boundary conditions for selecting a non-standardized analytical method and to define the r
25、equirements with regard to both the application and the production of ready-to-use methods. When applying the information contained in this International Standard, highly specialized expert knowledge is required when selecting suitable methods, whereas less stringent demands are made upon the subseq
26、uent application, in particular of simplified methods. SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INT
27、ERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17381:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Water quality Selection and application of ready-to-use test kit methods in water analysis WARNING Persons using this standard should be familiar with normal laboratory practice. This standard does not purport to address all of the
28、safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. 1 Scope This International Standard gives guidance on the selection, and requirements for the
29、application, of ready-to-use methods in water analysis. The so-called “ready-to-use methods“ are of increasing interest because, compared to standard methods, they allow fast and often inexpensive results for analytical problems. Under certain conditions these methods can be applied in routine contr
30、ol of water quality, provided they give reliable results. This International Standard deals with practical aspects concerning quantitative ready-to-use methods. Statistical evaluations for establishing the equivalence of ready-to-use methods and standard methods are only mentioned briefly. As the av
31、ailable ready-to-use methods are based on different analytical principles and also show different degrees of accuracy, they are classified into several groups. The aim of this International Standard is to set up criteria as to when the different kinds of ready-to-use methods may be applied for the a
32、nalysis of distinct parameters in water samples (e.g. potable water, river water, process water, waste water) and which steps are necessary to prove their suitability for a certain application. Ready-to-use methods have to meet special requirements because they are often used by non-chemists. This I
33、nternational Standard lists requirements for the producers of these tests, concerning safety and environmental aspects as well as handling and a description of the procedure. There are also several requirements concerning the training and supervision of the users of ready-to-use methods. 2 Normative
34、 references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 8466-1, Water quality Calibration
35、 and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics Part 1: Statistical evaluation of the linear calibration function ISO 8466-2, Water quality Calibration and evaluation of analytical methods and estimation of performance characteristics Part 2: Calibration strategy
36、for non-linear second-order calibration functions ISO/TR 13530, Water quality Guide to analytical quality control for water analysis SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reserv
37、ed3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 reference method analytical method that is stipulated by law and is usually standardized 3.2 ready-to-use method analytical method that is ready-made for use, and may be employed in the field
38、with no need for a laboratory NOTE A more familiar name is “field method“. 3.3 decision value discrete indication of concentration derived from legal, technical and other requirements 3.4 accuracy degree of agreement of the observed value with the true value of the quantity of interest NOTE Both ran
39、dom and systematic errors can contribute to a reduction in accuracy. 4 Classification of ready-to-use methods Ready-to-use methods are characterized by their readiness for use and their suitability for use in the field. As a rule they require less expenditure, less technical equipment and less exper
40、tise than the corresponding reference method. Depending upon the nature of the task involved and the method employed, the quality of the analytical results obtained using ready-to-use methods may equal the result gained when applying the corresponding standardized methods. Ready-to-use methods may b
41、e classified according to various different aspects: a) according to the type of method (e.g. photometric cuvette test, comparator test, test sticks, simple volumetric determination); b) according to the accuracy of the reading of a discrete analytical finding, or of a range of results. Ready-to-use
42、 methods are frequently based on standard methods that have been miniaturized to allow their direct application. They may also differ in part from the standard method in their method of detection. 5 Typical areas for the application of ready-to-use methods 5.1 General Case studies outlining the use
43、of ready-to-use methods in the different areas of application are contained in Annex B. Ready-to-use methods constitute a useful addition to standard procedures in the following areas. SANS 17381:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the
44、SABS .ISO 17381:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 35.2 Screening Ready-to-use methods may be used for preselection of samples for analysis in the laboratory, and selection of the most suitable analytical method (concentration range, interferences). 5.3 Faults in waste-water facilities Ready-to-us
45、e methods may be used for rapid detection of the uncontrolled ingress of pollutants in waste-water facilities. 5.4 Accidents with damaging consequences for surface water and ground water Ready-to-use methods are a particularly useful means of limiting the amount of damage in the event of accidents,
46、due to the rapid availability of the analytical information that they provide. 5.5 Control measurements in waste water, drinking water, swimming-pool water, surface water, water containing fish, and water for maintaining aquatic animal and plant life Ready-to-use methods are employed, for example, f
47、or monitoring compliance with the permissible concentration range for a given parameter. 5.6 Monitoring of processes Ready-to-use methods can be used to monitor and control processes (e.g. in waste-water facilities, production plants, internal water treatment plants and disinfection systems). 5.7 Te
48、sting for the presence of a given substance The question as to whether or not a given substance (e.g. cyanide in waste water) is present may also be answered by means of ready-to-use methods. The desired detection limit and ability of the test to overcome possible interference from other components
49、in the test sample are the decisive factors in selecting the most suitable ready-to-use method. 6 Selecting an analytical method 6.1 Selection criteria The following criteria should be taken into consideration when selecting the appropriate analytical method. The decision-making process (see flow chart in Annex A) shall be documented. A prerequisite is a known parameter. a) Basic premises: question posed by analysis/aim of determination; parameter definition (individual species, e.g. total Fe, Fe2+, Fe3+). b) Fie
