1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21078-6 SANS 182-2:2008Edition 1.4 Any reference to SABS 182-2 is deemed to be a reference to this standard (Government Notice No. 1373 of
4、 8 November 2002) SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Conductors for overhead electrical transmission lines Part 2: Stranded aluminium conductors Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12
5、 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 1980 Amended to bring the conductor sizes into line with those in current use and to amend certain corresponding electrical and physical requirements. Amdt 2 1980 Amended to bring the c
6、onductor sizes into line with those in current use and to amend certain corresponding electrical and physical requirements. Amdt 3 2001 Amended to change the definition of “acceptable“ and to replace reference standard test methods. Amdt 4 2008 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to
7、SANS standards, to remove reference to the standardization mark scheme, to change the chemical composition of aluminium and to update referenced standards. Acknowledgement Standards South Africa wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of the following organizations: B
8、ritish Standards Institution International Electrotechnical Commission. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 66, Electric cables, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document w
9、as published in May 2008. This document supersedes SABS 182-2:2001 (edition 1.3). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 4. Preface In this specification tests are not classified as type, sample, or routine tests. The requirements prescribed
10、, if determined in accordance with the appropriate standard test methods on samples taken in accordance with the sampling procedure given in the specification, are a method of assessing whether a production complies with the specification or not. During production control, the manufacturer may use w
11、hatever tests he deems necessary for ensuring compliance with the specification, but in a case of dispute only the appropriate standard test methods may be used. SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Material . 4 4 General constructional requirements . 4
12、5 Packing and marking . 7 6 Sampling and compliance with the specification . 8 7 Inspection and methods of test 8 Appendix A Applicable standards 10 Appendix B Notes to purchasers 10 Appendix C Standards for aluminium . 11 Appendix D Notes on the calculation of the properties of stranded aluminium c
13、onductors given in table 3 . 13 SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 3 Conductors for overhead electrical transmission lines Part 2 Stranded aluminium conductors 1 Scope 1.1 This part of the specification applies to uninsulated, hard-drawn a
14、luminium conductors for overhead transmission lines. NOTE a) The standards referred to in the specification are listed in appendix A. b) Requirements that must be specified by the purchaser are listed in appendix B. c) Assessment of compliance with the requirements of 3.1 and 4.1 requires special ag
15、reement between supplier and purchaser. Amdt 4 2 Definitions 2.1 For the purpose of this part of the specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 3 aluminiu
16、m aluminium which complies with the requirements of 3.1 defective reel or drum of stranded conductor that fails in one or more respects to comply with the relevant requirements of the specification diameter of wire mean of two measurements at right angles taken at the same cross-section direction of
17、 lay lateral direction of inclination to the axis, either right hand or left hand, of the receding helix formed by a wire of a stranded conductor NOTE With right hand lay, the wires conform to the direction of the central part of the letter Z when the conductor is held vertically. With left hand lay
18、, the wires conform to the direction of the central part of the letter S when the conductor is held vertically. lay ratio ratio of the axial length of a complete turn of the helix formed by an individual wire in a stranded conductor to the external diameter of the helix SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 4
19、 lot not more than 3 000 reels or drums of stranded aluminium conductor of the same reference area, from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing reference area cross-sectional area to be used for designation and purchasing purposes standard diameter of wire wire diamet
20、er on which the requirements for the mass and resistance per unit length and the breaking strength of the wire are based stranded conductor conductor made up of a number of single wires of the same nominal diameter laid concentrically wire aluminium of circular cross-section, produced by cold drawin
21、g 3 Material 3.1 Aluminium from which the wires are drawn shall be in the H9 condition and shall comply with the requirements as given in table C.3, and its volume resistivity, density, coefficient of linear expansion, and coefficient of variation of resistance with temperature shall conform to the
22、relevant values given in IEC 60889 (see appendix C). Amdt 4 3.2 Welds are permitted in rods and wires before final drawing of the finished wire. 4 General constructional requirements 4.1 Wires The wires that comprise a stranded conductor shall, before stranding, comply with the following requirement
23、s: a) Diameter. The diameter of a wire, measured in accordance with 7.2, shall be within the appropriate limits given in columns 2 and 3 of table 1. b) Freedom from defects. The wires shall be smooth, uniform in quality, free from spills, splits, and other defects, and any departure from circularity
24、 of the cross-section shall not exceed 1 % of the mean diameter. c) Physical properties. The wires shall be hard-drawn, and shall, except as allowed in terms of 4.2(c), comply with the following requirements: 1) Resistance. The resistance of the wires, determined in accordance with 7.3, shall not ex
25、ceed the appropriate maximum given in column 6 of table 1. 2) Breaking strength. The breaking strength, determined in accordance with 7.4.1, shall be at least equal to the appropriate minimum given in column 7 of table 1. 3) Ductility. The ductility shall be such that the wires withstand lapping in
26、accordance with 7.5 without showing any sign of cracks (when examined by unaided normal vision) or of breaking. SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 5 Table 1 Hard-drawn circular aluminium wires for stranded aluminium overhead conductors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Wire diameter mm Resistance per km at 20 C Standard Maxim
27、um Minimum Nominal mass per km* kg StandardMaximumBreaking strength* N, min. 2,12 2,65 3,25 2,141 2,677 3,283 2,099 2,624 3,218 9,541 14,91 22,42 8,007 5,125 3,407 8,168 5,227 3,475 640 950 1 370 3,78 4,26 4,65 3,818 4,303 4,697 3,742 4,217 4,604 30,33 38,52 45,90 2,519 1,983 1,664 2,570 2,024 1,698
28、 1 800 2 270 2 700 *Based on standard diameters.These resistances are based on standard diameters and a volume resistivity of 0,028 264 .mm2/m at 20 C. Based on minimum diameters. Amdt 1; amdt 2 4.2 Joints in wires a) There shall be no joints in the wires of a stranded conductor comprised of seven w
29、ires. b) Joints in individual wires of a stranded conductor comprised of at least 19 wires shall be permitted, provided that 1) no two such joints are less than 15 m apart, 2) the joints are made by resistance or cold pressure butt welding and are substantially smooth, 3) joints made by resistance w
30、elding are, subsequent to welding, annealed over a distance of at least 200 mm on each side of the joint, and 4) the diameter of the stranded conductor is not increased materially by the joint. c) The section of a wire containing a joint shall be exempt from the requirements given in table 1. 4.3 St
31、randing 4.3.1 General The number and diameter of the wires in a stranded conductor shall conform to the values given in column 2 of table 3, appropriate to the reference area specified by the purchaser. The wires in each layer shall be evenly and closely stranded. The stranding shall be such that a)
32、 the overall diameter of the stranded conductor complies with the requirements of 4.4, b) the diameter, determined in accordance with 7.2, of individual wires taken from the stranded conductor is not more than 1 % below the appropriate minimum given in table 1, and SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 6 c) t
33、he mean and the minimum breaking strengths, determined in accordance with 7.4.2, of individual wires taken from the stranded conductor are at least 95 % and 90 % respectively of the appropriate minimum given in table 1. 4.3.2 Direction of lay In all constructions, successive layers of a stranded con
34、ductor shall have opposite directions of lay, the outermost layer being right-handed. 4.3.3 Lay ratio a) The lay ratio of the different layers shall be within the appropriate limits given in table 2. b) In a stranded conductor having multiple layers of wires, the lay ratio of any layer shall not be
35、greater than the lay ratio of the layer immediately beneath it. Table 2 Lay ratios for stranded aluminium conductors 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lay ratios 6-wire layer 12-wire layer 18-wire layer 24-wire layer Number of wires in conductor max. min. max. min. max. min. max. min. 7 19 37 61 14 16 17 17 10 10 1
36、0 10 14 16 16 10 10 10 14 15 10 10 14 10 4.4 Overall diameter The overall diameter of a conductor, determined in accordance with 7.2, shall not exceed the appropriate maximum given in column 3 of table 3. Table 3 Stranded hard-drawn aluminium overhead conductors 1 2 3 4 5 6 Reference area Number and
37、 diameter of wires Overall diameter Approximate mass per km* Calculated maximum resistance per km at 20 C* Calculated breaking strength* mm2No./mm mm, max. kg kN, min. 25 39 58 7/2,12 7/2,65 7/3,25 6,42 8,03 10,15 68 106 152 1,182 0,756 3 0,502 9 4,12 6,12 8,82 100 158 273 7/4,26 19/3,25 19/4,26 12,
38、91 16,92 21,52 273 434 745 0,292 9 0,196 2 0,108 4 14,6 23,4 38,8 323 415 527 19/4,65 37/3,78 37/4,26 23,49 26,73 30,12 888 1 145 1 454 0,090 96 0,070 85 0,055 80 46,2 59,9 75,6 685 869 61/3,78 61/4,26 34,36 38,73 1 891 2 402 0,043 07 0,033 92 96,6 122 * For information only. (For basis of calculati
39、on see appendix D.) Amdt 1; amdt 2 SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 7 4.5 Freedom from defects and foreign matter Stranded conductors shall be free from dirt, grit, excessive amounts of drawing lubricant and other foreign matter, and from broken wires. 4.6 Length Unless stranded conductors of other lengt
40、hs are specified by the purchaser, the conductors shall be supplied in the manufacturers usual production lengths. In addition, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, it shall be permissible to supply not more than 5 % of the length ordered on any one order in random lengths, provided that no
41、random length is shorter than one-third of the appropriate production length. The actual length of the conductor on a drum or reel shall be at least equal to the nominal length (i.e. the production length or, when relevant, the length specified by the purchaser) and shall not exceed it by more than
42、5 % or 50 m, whichever is less. 5 Packing and marking 5.1 Packing 5.1.1 General Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the conductor shall be packed on a robust drum or reel that has a barrel of diameter 30 d, where d is the nominal overall diameter of the conductor. 5.1.2 Continuity Unless ot
43、herwise acceptable, each continuous length of a stranded conductor shall be packed individually. 5.1.3 Wooden drums and reels a) Where wooden drums or wooden reels are used, the moisture content of the wood used for fabrication of the drums or reels shall not exceed 15 %. b) When wooden drums or ree
44、ls resistant to biological attack are required by the purchaser, the wood shall have been impregnated (by pressure or in a hot/cold open tank) in accordance with SANS 10005, with a class C preservative or with chromated copper arsenate. Amdt 4 5.2 Marking Each reel or drum shall bear the following i
45、nformation legibly and indelibly marked on a firmly attached label or printed on a cheek of the reel or drum: a) the manufacturers trade name or trade mark or both; b) reference area and material of conductors; c) nominal length in metres (i.e. the production length or the specified length, as relev
46、ant (see 4.6); d) gross mass in kg; and e) year of manufacture. SANS 182-2:2008 Edition 1.4 8 6 Sampling and compliance with the specification NOTE This section applies to the sampling for inspection and testing before acceptance or rejection of single lots (consignments) in cases where no informati
47、on about the implementation of quality control or testing during manufacture is available to help in assessing the quality of the lot. The cost of sampling, inspection and testing is a matter for agreement between manufacturer and purchaser. 6.1 Sampling The following sampling procedure shall be app
48、lied in determining whether a lot complies with the appropriate requirements of the specification. The samples so drawn shall be deemed to represent the lot for the respective properties. 6.1.1 Sample for inspection From the lot take at random a sample of the size given in column 2 of table 4 relati
49、ve to the appropriate lot size given in column 1. 6.1.2 Sample for testing After inspection (see 7.1.1) of the sample taken in accordance with 6.1.1, cut off and discard the first 300 mm length of the outer end of the wire or conductor on each reel or drum and then cut the length required for the test pieces. Table 4 Sample sizes for stranded conductors 1 2 3 Lot size, coils, reels or drumsSample size, coils reels or drums Number of defectives 1 31 501 801 1 301 305008001 3003 000All 30 40 55 75 0 1 2 2 3 6.2 Compliance If after i
