1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21205-6 SANS 1923:2008Edition 1.1 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Scouring compounds Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road
4、 groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2008 Amended to delete a definition, to correct the active ingredient content req
5、uirement in table 1 from max. to min. and to replace the test method for the determination of the active ingredient content. Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5140.01B, Detergents, polishes and other chemicals Detergents, soaps and cleaners, in accorda
6、nce with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in March 2008. This document supersedes SANS 1923:2007 (edition 1). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been modified technically by amendment No. 1. Ann
7、exes A and B form an integral part of this standard. Annex C is for information only. A reference is made in 7.2.1 to national legislation. In South Africa this means the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics, and Disinfectants Act, 1972 (Act No. 54 of 1972) (as amended from time to time), and the Trade Metrology A
8、ct, 1973 (Act No. 77 of 1973) (as amended from time to time). SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 1 Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Requirements 4 5 Inspection . 5 6 Methods of test 5 6.1 All properties . 5 6.2 Active ingredient 5 7 Packing and marking . 9 Annex A
9、(normative) Notes to purchasers . 11 Annex B (normative) Sampling and compliance with this standard . 11 Annex C (informative) Quality verification of scouring compounds . 12 Bibliography 12 SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 3 Scouring comp
10、ounds 1 Scope This standard specifies the requirements for three types of scouring compounds used for the removal of tenacious soil from hard surfaces. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. All normative documents are subjec
11、t to revision and, since any reference to a normative document is deemed to be reference to the latest edition of that document, parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Informa
12、tion on currently valid national and international standards can be obtained from Standards South Africa. ASTM D 820, Standard test method for chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. Amdt 1 SANS 169, Free alkali content and free acid content of light coloured soap products. SANS
13、5186, Alkaline salt content of scouring compounds. SANS 5187, Fatty matter content of soap products. SANS 5190, Water insoluble matter content of soap products. SANS 5226, Volatile matter content of scouring products. SANS 5230, Fineness of water-insoluble matter of scouring compounds. SANS 5232, Ab
14、rasive number of scouring compounds. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant 3.2 ASTM method test method published by the A
15、merican Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA Amdt 1 SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 4 4 Requirements 4.1 Types The scouring compound shall be one of the following types, (see annex A): a) type 1: a scouring compound based on soap, in the form of a powder; b) ty
16、pe 2: a scouring compound based on soap, in the form of a paste; and c) type 3: a scouring compound based on a synthetic detergent, in the form of a powder. 4.2 General 4.2.1 Type 1 and 3 shall each be, a homogenous and free flowing product, and type 2 shall be water based and uniformly mixed. 4.2.2
17、 When stored or transported under normal conditions in the original containers, the scouring compound in the form of a powder shall not cake into hard lumps, and the scouring compound in the form of a paste shall show no separation. 4.2.3 The scouring compound shall not be irritating to normal human
18、 skin, and shall not contain ingredients in quantities that are toxic to human beings. 4.3 Odour The scouring compound, both as received and when mixed in hot water, shall possess an acceptable odour and shall retain an acceptable odour during six months storage in its original container at ambient
19、temperature. 4.4 Detailed requirements The scouring compound shall comply with the relevant requirements listed in table 1. 4.5 Stability After storage for 6 months in the original unopened container, at a temperature not exceeding 25 C and away from direct sunlight, the scouring compound shall stil
20、l comply with the requirements of this standard. SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 5 Table 1 Detailed requirements 1 2 3 4 5 Requirement Property type 1 type 2 type 3 Test method or subclause Abrasive number, mg, min. max. 5,0 15,0 5,0 15,0 5,0 15,0 SANS 5232 Active ingredient content, % (by mass), min. 2,
21、0 6.2 Alkaline salt content (as anhydrous sodium carbonate), % (by mass), max. 10,0 7,0 10,0 SANS 5186 Fatty matter contenta, % (by mass), min. 2,0 2,0 SANS 5187 Fineness of water insoluble matter Retained on a 425 m aperture sieve, % (by mass), max. Retained on a 180 m aperture sieve, % (by mass),
22、max. 0,1 7,5 0,1 7,5 0,1 7,5 SANS 5230 Free alkali contenta, (as sodium hydroxide), % (by mass), max. 0,1 0,1 0,1 SANS 169 Volatile matter contenta, % (by mass), max. 10,0 35,0 SANS 5226 Water insoluble matter contenta, % (by mass), min. 75,0 55,0 80,0 SANS 5190 a The determination shall be carried
23、out on the scouring compound as received. Amdt 1 5 Inspection Inspect the containers taken in accordance with B.2 for compliance with the relevant requirements of the standard for which tests to assess compliance are not given in column 5 of table 1. 6 Methods of test 6.1 All properties For all othe
24、r properties, use the applicable methods listed in column 5 of table 1. Use the composite sample taken in accordance with B.3. 6.2 Active ingredient Use the test method, for anhydrous salt-free soap content, given in ASTM D 820. Amdt 1 6.2.1 Apparatus 6.2.1.1 Analytical balance, with a resolution of
25、 0,01g or better. 6.2.1.2 Laboratory-grade beaker, with a capacity of 250 mL. 6.2.1.3 Steam bath. 6.2.1.4 Glass-fibre filter, that has approximately the same retention as a Whatman No. 5 cellulose filter and approximately the same speed as a Whatman No. 4 cellulose filter. 6.2.1.5 Laboratory-grade f
26、ilter flask, with a capacity of 500 mL. 6.2.1.6 Forced-draught oven, maintained at 105 C 5 C. Amdt 1 SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 6 6.2.1.7 Stokes flask, 100 mL round-bottom flask (with the bottom blown out) sealed on to a 150 mL conical flask (see figure 1). 6.2.1.8 Siphon, consisting of a two-hole r
27、ubber stopper (that fits into the neck of the Stokes flask) fitted with small-diameter glass tubing of the shapes shown in figure 2. 6.2.1.9 Laboratory-grade separating funnel, with a capacity of 500 mL. Figure 1 Stokes flask Figure 2 Siphon 6.2.2 Reagents and material 6.2.2.1 General Use only analy
28、tical grade reagents and carbon dioxide-free distilled or demineralised water. 6.2.2.2 Freshly boiled ethanol, with a volume fraction concentration of at least 95 % and neutral to phenolphthalein. 6.2.2.3 Freshly boiled (absolute) ethanol, neutral to phenolphthalein. 6.2.2.4 Sulphuric acid, produced
29、 by cautiously adding 97 mL sulphuric acid (density 1,84 g/mL) to 100 mL water. 6.2.2.5 Petroleum ether, with a boiling range of between 60 C and 80 C. 6.2.2.6 Anhydrous sodium sulphate. Amdt 1 SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 7 6.2.2.7 Screened methyl orange indicator, produced by dissolving 0,2 g methyl
30、 orange and 0,28 g xylene cyanole FF in 100 mL freshly boiled ethanol that has a volume fraction of 50 % and filter. 6.2.2.8 Phenolphthalein indicator, produced by dissolving 0,5 g of phenolphthalein in 100 mL absolute ethanol (see 6.2.2.3). 6.2.2.9 Standard sodium hydroxide solution, approximately
31、0,1 N solution, accurately standardized against potassium hydrogen phthalate. 6.2.3 Procedure 6.2.3.1 Alcohol-soluble matter 6.2.3.1.1 Weigh out (see 6.2.1.1) and accurately record the mass, in grams, of approximately 2 g of the composite test sample (see B.3) into a 250 mL beaker (see 6.2.1.2). 6.2
32、.3.1.2 Add 100 mL of the 95 % ethanol (see 6.2.2.2), cover the beaker with a watch-glass, and heat on a steam bath (see 6.2.1.3), with frequent stirring, until all the alcohol-soluble matter has been dissolved. 6.2.3.1.3 Allow the insoluble matter to settle and filter, under suction, the supernatant
33、 liquid through the glass-fibre filter (see 6.2.1.4), retaining as much of the insoluble matter as possible in the beaker and collecting the filtrate in a 500 mL filter flask (see 6.2.1.5). 6.2.3.1.4 Repeat this extraction three times with 25 mL portions of hot 95 % ethanol, each time retaining as m
34、uch of the insoluble matter as possible in the beaker and combining the filtrates in the filter flask. 6.2.3.1.5 Evaporate the remaining ethanol from the residue on a steam bath (neglect the small amount of residue in the filter), then dissolve the residue in 5 mL hot water. 6.2.3.1.6 Re-precipitate
35、 the alcohol-insoluble matter by slowly adding, while stirring vigorously, 50 mL absolute ethanol (see 6.2.2.3) and then heat the solution to boiling point on the steam bath. 6.2.3.1.7 Filter the solution through the glass-fibre filter. 6.2.3.1.8 Wash the beaker and the residue on the filter with th
36、ree 25 mL portions of hot 95 % ethanol, and collect the filtrate and washings in the same filter flask. 6.2.3.1.9 Transfer the combined filtrate and washings quantitatively to a tared beaker. 6.2.3.1.10 Evaporate on a steam bath and then dry in a forced-draught oven (see 6.2.1.6) at 105 C 5 C until
37、constant mass is attained and record the mass, in grams, as the oven-dry mass of the test specimen after treatment. NOTE Constant mass is assumed to have been attained when successive weighings, at intervals of 20 min, differ by less than 0,05 %. Amdt 1 SANS 1923:2008 Edition 1.1 8 6.2.3.1.11 Calcul
38、ate the percentage alcohol-soluble matter as follows: 100121=mmmA where A is the alcohol-soluble matter content, expressed as a mass fraction percentage of the test specimen; m1is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen before treatment (see 6.2.3.1.1); m2is the oven-dry mass, in grams, of the test
39、 specimen after treatment (see 6.2.3.1.10). 6.2.3.1.12 Reserve the beaker and contents for the determination of saponifiable matter. 6.2.4 Saponifiable matter 6.2.4.1 Dissolve the alcohol-soluble matter (see 6.2.3.1.12) in 25 mL hot water, add 25 mL 95 % ethanol, then add 5 mL sulphuric acid (see 6.
40、2.2.4). 6.2.4.2 Transfer the solution to the Stokes Flask (see 6.2.1.7), wash the beaker alternately with equal volumes of hot water and hot 95 % ethanol and add the washings to the Stokes flask. 6.2.4.3 Repeat the washing several times but restrict the total volume of the solution to the conical po
41、rtion of the Stokes flask. 6.2.4.4 Wash the beaker with 5 mL petroleum ether (see 6.2.2.5) and add it to the Stokes flask. 6.2.4.5 Cool the solution to below 25 C, add 50 mL petroleum ether, and allow to stand for 30 min without shaking. 6.2.4.6 Using the siphon (see 6.2.1.8), transfer the petroleum
42、 ether layer to a 500 mL separating funnel (see 6.2.1.9). 6.2.4.7 Repeat the extraction five more times with 50 mL portions of petroleum ether but stopper and shake the Stokes flask thoroughly each time. NOTE If an emulsion is formed, it may be broken by the addition of 10 g anhydrous sodium sulphat
43、e (see 6.2.2.6). 6.2.4.8 Combine the petroleum ether extracts and wash with 25 mL portions of water until the water washings are no longer acid to the screened methyl orange indicator (see 6.2.2.7). 6.2.4.9 Dry the combined petroleum ether extracts with anhydrous sodium sulphate and filter through f
44、ilter paper into a tared 500 mL beaker. 6.2.4.10 Wash the separating funnel with two 10 mL portions of the petroleum ether and filter the washings into the beaker. 6.2.4.11 Evaporate the petroleum ether on a steam bath until the odour of petroleum ether is no longer perceptible. Amdt 1 SANS 1923:200
45、8 Edition 1.1 9 6.2.4.12 Dry the residue in a force-draught oven at 105 C 5 C for 5 min, weigh accurately and record the mass, in grams, of the saponifiable matter. 6.2.4.13 Dissolve the saponifiable matter in 50 mL of 95 % ethanol, warming if necessary. 6.2.4.14 Add 0,5 mL phenolphthalein indicator
46、 (see 6.2.2.8) and titrate with standard sodium hydroxide (see 6.2.2.9) to a pink end point. 6.2.5 Calculation Calculate the active ingredient as follows: 1000,022)(+=DNcBAAI where AI is the active ingredient content, expressed as a mass fraction percentage of the test specimen; A is the percentage
47、alcohol-soluble matter (see 6.2.3.1.11); B is the mass, in grams, of the saponifiable matter (see 6.2.4.12); c is the volume, in millilitres, of the standard sodium hydroxide solution used in the titration (see 6.2.4.14); N is the normality of the standard sodium hydroxide solution (see 6.2.2.9); D
48、is the mass, in grams, of the test specimen used (see 6.2.3.1.1). Amdt 1 7 Packing and marking 7.1 Packing The scouring compound shall be so packed as to prevent leakage, drying out and contamination of the product. The containers shall prevent leakage and contamination of the product and shall be s
49、trong enough to withstand normal handling and transportation. These containers can then be packed in bulk packages and each bulk package shall contain only one size of container. Only scouring compound of the same type and the same batch shall be packed together in one container and, when relevant, in one bulk package. 7.2 Marking 7.2.1 Containers Each container and bulk package shall bear, in prominent, legible, and indelible marking, the following information and any additional information required in terms of the regulations
