1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 77.140.65 ISBN 0-626-17137-7 SANS 2408:2005Edition 2ISO 2408:2004Edition 3SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minim
4、um requirements This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 2408:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012
5、344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 2408:2005 Edition 2 ISO 2408:2004 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Specifies the most commonly used wire ropes for general purposes. They are grouped by the number of strands and the number of o
6、uter wires in the strands. Keywords lifting equipment, specifications, steels, wire ropes. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5120.22, Lifting equipment, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the
7、 WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS edition cancels and replaces the first SABS edition (SABS ISO 2408:1985). Reference numberISO 2408:2004(E)ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO2408Third edition2004-02-01Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minimum requirements Cbles en acier pour usages courants Exigence
8、s minimales ISO 2408:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editin
9、g. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be fo
10、und in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at th
11、e address given below. ISO 2004 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below o
12、r ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 2408:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiCon
13、tents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Requirements 2 4.1 Material. 2 4.2 Rope manufacture. 3 4.3 Designation and classification 4 4.4 Dimensions 4 4.5 Breaking force . 6 5 Verification of requirements and test methods . 7 5.1 Material
14、s. 7 5.2 Rope manufacture. 7 5.3 Test on rope for diameter. 7 5.4 Test on rope for breaking force. 7 6 Information for use . 9 6.1 Certificate. 9 6.2 Packaging and marking 10 Annex A (normative) Dimensional and mechanical properties of round wires (before ropemaking). 11 Annex B (normative) Sampling
15、 and acceptance criteria for type testing of ropes produced in series 14 Annex C (normative) Tables of minimum breaking forces for more common rope classes, sizes and grades . 15 Annex D (normative) Calculation of minimum breaking force for ropes in the Tables of Annex C 30 Annex E (informative) Tes
16、ts on wires taken from the rope 31 Annex F (informative) Comparison between metric and imperial rope sizes 33 Annex G (informative) Rope grade equivalents. 34 Bibliography . 35 ISO 2408:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worl
17、dwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on
18、that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted i
19、n accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard
20、 requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 2408 was prepared by Tec
21、hnical Committee ISO/TC 105, Steel wire ropes. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 2408:1985), which has been technically revised. ISO 2408:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard was developed in response to a worldwide demand for a
22、 specification giving minimum requirements for ropes for general purposes. As in previous editions, this edition of ISO 2408 specifies metric sizes and grades of rope for the more common classes of rope. In addition, and for comparison, information is given in this edition on imperial rope sizes and
23、 grades in order to assist in the rope selection process and help to ensure that existing levels of safety are maintained on equipment originally designed to use such ropes. In these cases, it is recommended that the equipment designer or rope manufacturer (or other competent person) be consulted pr
24、ior to ordering a substitute rope. This International Standard does not restrict itself to those classes covered by the tables: other types, such as ropes with compacted strands and compacted (swaged) ropes, may also conform to it. Complementing this International Standard is ISO 17893, which covers
25、 definitions, designation and classification. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 2408:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Steel wire ropes for general purposes Minimum requirements 1 Scope This International Standard specifies minimum requirements for the manufacture and testing of stranded steel wire rop
26、es for general purposes, including lifting equipment such as cranes and hoists. Ropes for slings are also dealt with, and tables giving minimum breaking forces for the more common sizes, grades and constructions of stranded rope presented. It is applicable to single-layer, rotation-resistant and par
27、allel-closed ropes made from wires of uncoated (bright), zinc-coated and zinc-alloy coated finish in rope diameters of up to 60 mm, supplied as bulk manufacture. It is not applicable to ropes for mining purposes, aircraft control, the petroleum and natural gas industries, aerial ropeways and funicul
28、ars, lifts, or fishing purposes. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
29、plies. ISO 2232:1990, Round drawn wire for general purpose non-alloy steel wire ropes and for large diameter steel wire ropes Specifications ISO 3108, Steel wire ropes for general purposes Determination of actual breaking load ISO 4345, Steel wire ropes Fibre main cores Specification ISO 4346, Steel
30、 wire ropes for general purposes Lubricants Basic requirements ISO 6892, Metallic materials Tensile testing at ambient temperature ISO 7800, Metallic materials Wire Simple torsion test ISO 10425:2003, Steel wire ropes for the petroleum and natural gas industries Minimum requirements and terms of acc
31、eptance ISO 178931), Steel wire ropes Vocabulary, designations and classifications 1) To be published. ISO 2408:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 17893 apply. 4 Requirements 4.1 Material 4.1.1 Wire
32、Before ropemaking, wires shall conform to the diameter, torsion and, where applicable, coating requirements specified in Annex A. NOTE 1 Annex A is based on ISO 2232 but with extended wire sizes and wire tensile strength grades. NOTE 2 For a given wire size and tensile strength grade, the torsional
33、properties of the wires in A.2 of ISO 10425:2003 meet or exceed the values given in Annex A of this International Standard. For those ropes where a rope grade is applicable, the tensile strength grades of the wires shall be subject to the limits given in Table 1. Table 1 Tensile strength grades of w
34、ires (excluding centre and filler wires) for given rope grades Rope grade Range of wire tensile strength gradesN/mm21570 1 370 to 1 770 1770 1 570 to 1 960 1960 1 770 to 2 160 2160 1 960 to 2 160 NOTE 3 The minimum breaking force values of those ropes of grades 1570, 1770, 1960 and 2160 as covered b
35、y Tables C.1 to C.14 are calculated on the basis of rope grade and not individual wire tensile strength grades. All wires of the same nominal diameter in the same wire layer shall be of the same tensile strength grade. The methods of test shall be in accordance with ISO 2232. 4.1.2 Core Cores of sin
36、gle-layer stranded ropes shall normally be of steel or fibre, although other types such as composites (e.g. steel plus fibre or steel plus polymer) or solid polymer may also be supplied. The purchaser should specify any particular core type requirements. Fibre cores for single-layer stranded ropes s
37、hall conform to ISO 4345 and for rope diameters 8 mm and above shall be doubly closed (i.e. from yarn into strand and from strand into rope). Natural fibre cores shall be treated with an impregnating compound to inhibit rotting and decay. Steel cores shall be either an independent wire rope (IWRC) o
38、r a wire strand (WSC). Steel cores of single-layer stranded ropes larger than 12 mm diameter shall be an independent wire rope (IWRC), unless specified otherwise. ISO 2408:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 34.1.3 Lubricant Lubricants shall conform to ISO 4346. 4.2 Rope manufacture 4.2.1 General A
39、ll the wires in a strand shall have the same direction of lay. The core, except for compacted (swaged) ropes, shall be designed (steel) or selected (fibre) so that in a new rope under tension on the closing machine there is clearance between the outer strands. The completed rope shall be evenly laid
40、 and free from loose wires, distorted strands and other irregularities. When uncoiled and under no load the rope shall not be wavy. Rope ends that have no end fittings shall, when necessary, be so secured as to maintain the integrity of the rope and prevent its unravelling. 4.2.2 Wire joints Wires o
41、ver 0,4 mm in diameter shall, where necessary, have their ends joined by brazing or welding. Wires up to and including 0,4 mm diameter shall, where necessary, be joined by brazing, welding, twisting or by ends being simply inserted in the strands formation. If twisting as a joint is performed during
42、 rope manufacture, any protruding twisted wire ends shall be removed from the finished rope. 4.2.3 Lubrication The amount of lubrication and type of lubricant shall be appropriate to the rope duty. The purchaser should specify the rope duty or any particular lubrication requirements. 4.2.4 Preformat
43、ion and postformation Ropes shall be preformed and/or postformed unless specified otherwise by the purchaser. NOTE Some parallel-closed and rotation-resistant ropes could be non-preformed or be only partially preformed. 4.2.5 Construction The rope construction shall be either one of those covered by
44、 the following classes or a construction, including compacted strand ropes and compacted (swaged) ropes, as stated by the manufacturer: 6 7, 6 24FC, 6 37M, 6 19, 6 36, 8 19, 8 36, 6 25TS, 18 7, 34(M) 7 and 35(W) 7. Where only the rope class is specified by the purchaser the construction supplied sha
45、ll be decided by the manufacturer. The purchaser should specify the rope construction or class. 4.2.6 Grade The rope grades for the more common classes of ropes shall be as given in Tables C.1 to C.14. ISO 2408:2004(E) 4 ISO 2004 All rights reservedIntermediate rope grades, including those as given
46、in ISO 10425, may be supplied by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer providing all of the other requirements are met. NOTE Not all ropes will necessarily have a rope grade. 4.2.7 Wire finish The finish of the wires shall be uncoated (bright), zinc-coated Quality B or zinc coated Qua
47、lity A. For ropes of bright wire finish, substitution of bright wires by zinc-coated wires shall be limited to inner wires, centre wires, filler wires and core wires. For ropes of zinc coated wire finish, all of the wires shall be zinc coated, including those of any steel core. Where zinc-coated is
48、specified this may also include zinc alloy Zn95/Al5. 4.2.8 Direction and type of lay The direction and type of rope lay shall be one of the following: a) right ordinary lay (sZ)2); b) left ordinary lay (zS)3); c) right lang lay (zZ)4); d) left lang lay (sS)5); The direction and type of rope lay shou
49、ld be specified by the purchaser. 4.3 Designation and classification Rope designation and classification shall conform to the system requirements of ISO 17893. 4.4 Dimensions 4.4.1 Diameter 4.4.1.1 General The nominal diameter shall be the dimension by which the rope is designated. 4.4.1.2 Tolerance When measured in accordance with 5.3, the measured diameter shall be within the tolerances given in Table 2. 2) Formerly referred to as right hand ordinary (designated RHO) and right regu
