1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-23547-5 SANS 25577:2009Edition 1ISO 25577:2008Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Information and documentation MarcXchange This nati
4、onal standard is the identical implementation of ISO 25577:2008, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sab
5、s.co.za SABS SANS 25577:2009 Edition 1 ISO 25577:2008 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 46C, Information and documentation Identification and description, in accordance with procedures of the SABS
6、 Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in December 2009. Reference numberISO 25577:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO25577First edition2008-12-01Information and documentation MarcXchange Information et documentation MarcXchan
7、ge SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be e
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12、 copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction
13、v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions .2 4 XML schema exchange of MARC records.3 4.1 General3 4.2 Structure of XML schema .4 Annex A (informative) The generic MarcXchange schema.6 Annex B (informative) Examples .9 Annex C (informative) Applications of the generic MarcXchange s
14、chema.14 Bibliography 15 SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) iv ISO 2008 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national s
15、tandards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
16、organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules gi
17、ven in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least
18、 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 25577 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, I
19、nformation and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability. SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved vIntroduction In 2001, the U.S. Library of Congress dev
20、eloped a framework for working with MARC data in an XML environment. The core of the framework is a MARCXML schema that allows lossless round-trip conversion of an ISO 2709 MARC 21 record and an XML-encoded MARC 21 record. MARCXML is tightly coupled to ISO 2709. It was obvious to generalize this to
21、an XML-based alternative for ISO 2709 such that any existing format based on ISO 2709 could be represented. This International Standard describes a schema which is a generalized version of, and with as few changes as possible to, MARCXML but which retains the original MARCXML structure. The resultin
22、g schema is an XML extension to ISO 2709. Thus, the original elements of MARCXML are reused and verbal links to the terminology of ISO 2709 have been added. MarcXchange is useable as a framework for conversion of all records using the ISO 2709 syntax into XML. Extensions to MarcXchange might be requ
23、ired to retain the definition and application of fields, subfields and control characters employed in data representation techniques specific to implementations of ISO 2709. The international exchange of records uses local variations of internationally recognized formats as much as it uses internati
24、onally recognized formats in the precise way in which they are prescribed for international exchange. MarcXchange, as an internationally recognized format, is mainly intended as a framework for making local schemas, or to which local extensions can be added. Experience has shown that there is a need
25、 for local deviations even if MARC 21 or UNIMARC is chosen as the local format. This schema provides a specification for the development of local specific schemas, ensuring compatibility. The relationship of the schema described in this International Standard to MARC and ISO 2709 are as follows. The
26、 XML schema is constructed to contain MARC data. The schema can be used for the exchange of MARC records or to act as a “bus” to enable MARC data records to go through further transformations such as to Dublin Core and/or processes such as validation. The basic components of ISO 2709 are treated in
27、the following way in the XML schema: the record label is treated as a simple string; the directory has no counterpart in the schema; when converting from MarcXchange to ISO 2709 the directory has to be recalculated; the record identifier field and the control fields are treated as elements with the
28、tag as an attribute; data fields are treated as elements with the tag and indicators as attributes; subfields are treated as sub-elements with the subfield code as an attribute. SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .S
29、ANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 25577:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Information and documentation MarcXchange 1 Scope This International Standard specifies the requirements for
30、a generalized XML-based exchange format for bibliographic records as well as other types of metadata. It does not define the length or the content of individual records and does not assign any meaning to tags, indicators, or identifiers, these specifications being the functions of an implementation
31、format. This International Standard describes a generalized structure, a framework designed primarily for communication between data processing systems, but may also be relevant for use as a processing format within systems. MarcXchange could potentially be used as follows: for representing a comple
32、te MARC record or a set of MARC records in XML; for original resource description in XML syntax; as an extension schema to METS (Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard); for exchange of MARC records in XML; for transfer of MARC records in web services like SRU (search/retrieval via URL); for pu
33、blisher transmission of data; as a temporary format in all kinds of data transformation or manipulation, e.g. conversion, publication, editing, validation; for metadata in XML that may be packaged with an electronic resource. Validation of MARC records content is not enforced by the schema but by de
34、dicated software tailored for the specific usage (e.g. the specific MARC-format). 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the
35、referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2709, Information and documentation Format for information exchange ISO/IEC 646, Information technology ISO 7-bit coded character set for information interchange ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character
36、 Set (UCS) SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reserved3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 MAchine-Readab
37、le Cataloguing MARC family of format standards for the storage and exchange of bibliographic records and related information in machine-readable form NOTE All MARC standards conform to ISO 2709. 3.2 collection set of records NOTE 1 In the schema, this is represented by a root element named “collecti
38、on“. NOTE 2 The terms root element, element and attribute are in line with the definitions in XML. The term sub-element is used for an element which is the content (or child) of another element (the parent). 3.3 record collection of fields, including record label, directory and data NOTE In the sche
39、ma, this is represented by a root element named “record“. It can occur alone or as a sub-element of a the “collection“ element. 3.4 format specification of the information content of record label, control fields, data fields, indicators and subfields of an ISO 2709 record NOTE In the schema, an attr
40、ibute, named “format“, of the “record“ element is used to specify the MARC format used in the particular record. 3.5 type sub-application of format NOTE In the schema, an attribute, named “type“, of the “record“ element is used to specify the application. EXAMPLE Bibliographic record, holdings recor
41、d. 3.6 record label field occurring in an ISO 2709 record NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named “leader“, of the “record“ element. 3.7 directory index used in ISO 2709 records 3.8 control field record identifier field or reference field in ISO 2709 NOTE In the schema, this
42、is represented by a sub-element, named “controlfield“, of the “record“ element. SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 33.9 data field type of field in ISO 2709 NOTE In th
43、e schema, this is represented by a sub-element, named “datafield“, of the “record“ element. 3.10 tag three characters associated to a control field or a data field in ISO 2709 and used to identify it NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named “tag“, of the “controlfield“ element
44、and the “datafield“ element. 3.11 indicator data element in a data field in ISO 2709 NOTE In the schema, this is represented by an attribute, named “ind1“, , “ind9“, of the “datafield“ element. 3.12 subfield part of a data field in ISO 2709 NOTE In the schema, this is represented by a sub-element, n
45、amed “subfield“, of the “datafield“ element. 3.13 subfield identifier data element consisting of a control code followed by from zero to eight characters identifying a subfield in an ISO 2709 record NOTE In the schema, the subfield identifier excluding the control code is represented by an attribute
46、, named “code“, of the “subfield“ element. 4 XML schema exchange of MARC records 4.1 General The generic schema is listed in Annex A. Examples of formatted records are listed in Annex B. References to applications of the schema are listed in Annex C. The MarcXchange schema supports XML markup of MAR
47、C records, using terminology and element names consistent with ISO 2709. ISO 2709 defines the general structure illustrated in Figure 1. Record label Directory Fields Record separator Figure 1 ISO 2709 general structure SANS 25577:2009This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscript
48、ion and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 25577:2008(E) 4 ISO 2008 All rights reservedAn ISO 2709 record contains the following components: a) a record label (fixed length); b) a directory (variable length); c) a record identifier field (variable length); d) a number of reference fields (variable
49、 length); e) a number of data fields (variable length); f) a field separator, i.e. separator IS2 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates the directory and each field; g) a record separator, i.e. separator IS3 conforming to lSO/IEC 646, which terminates each record. In MarcXchange the element “leader” is used for the ISO 2709 record label. Part of the ISO 2709 record label (positions 0 to 4 record length and positions 12 to 16 base address of data), contains information, which is only meaningful for t
