1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 65.100.01 ISBN 0-626-17767-7 SANS 2570:2006Edition 1ISO 257:2004Edition 3 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Pesticides and other agrochemicals Principl
4、es for the selection of common names This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 257:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 01
5、2 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 2570:2006 Edition 1 ISO 257:2004 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Gives principles for creating common names for pesticides and other agrochemicals. These principles are defi
6、ned for the guidance of proposers of such common names. Keywords agricultural chemicals, agrochemicals, chemicals, common names, definitions, designations, pesticides, phytopharmaceuticals. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 5140.28, Pesticides
7、: Chemical and biological testing and common names, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. Reference numberISO 257:2004(E)ISO 2004INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO257Third edition2004-06-15Pesticides and other agrochemicals Principles f
8、or the selection of common names Produits phytosanitaires et assimils Principes pour le choix des noms communs ISO 257:2004(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless th
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12、g photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published
13、in Switzerland ii ISO 2004 All rights reservedISO 257:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Purpose of common names. 1 5 Principles for selection. 2 5.1 General. 2 5.2 Salts and esters. 2 5.3
14、 Purity of chemicals . 4 5.4 Isomers and isomeric mixtures . 4 5.5 Additional requirements. 5 5.6 Recommended stems . 6 6 Style of writing or printing common names.6 Annex A (informative) Procedure for the establishment of common names for pesticides and other agrochemicals . 8 Annex B (informative)
15、 System for constructing common names for isomers and isomer mixtures of pyrethroids and related compounds 15 Bibliography . 17 ISO 257:2004(E) iv ISO 2004 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
16、 member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, gover
17、nmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC D
18、irectives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member
19、bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 257 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 81, Common names for pestic
20、ides and other agrochemicals. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 257:1988), which has been technically revised. ISO 257:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved vIntroduction This International Standard contains principles for the construction of common names for pesticides
21、and other agrochemicals. The intention is to create short, distinctive, easily pronounced names, which will be common to all languages, as far as is possible. This International Standard contains recommended names for common ions and radicals, as well as recommended stems for different chemical stru
22、ctures. Therefore the common name should reflect any relationship with chemicals of a similar structure. However, it is important to avoid confusion between common names and existing names, whether they are other common names, trade names or chemical names. Recommendations on how to name isomers, sa
23、lts, esters, etc. are also included. These principles are defined for the guidance of proposers of such common names and for the operation of ISO/TC 81. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 257:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 1Pesticides and other agrochemicals Principles for the selection of common name
24、s 1 Scope This International Standard gives principles for creating common names for pesticides and other agrochemicals. These principles are defined for the guidance of proposers of such common names. The procedure for the establishment of common names is given in Annex A. 2 Normative references Th
25、e following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1750, Pesticides and other agrochemicals Common
26、 names 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 common name name freely available for common use in identifying a chemical substance without recourse to its systematic chemical name 4 Purpose of common names 4.1 The purpose of a common
27、 name (see ISO 1750) is to provide a short, distinctive, easily pronounced name for a substance, the full chemical name of which is too complex for convenient use in science, commerce and official regulations. 4.2 Because a common name has to be freely available for use in describing the substance f
28、or which it has been coined, it should not be permitted to become a privately owned trade mark with respect to identical or similar goods. 4.3 In order to achieve the desired goal of creating a common name that is generally acceptable internationally, rejection of any proposed common name by individ
29、ual ISO Member Bodies see A.3.1.3 and A.4.1.1 e) should only be based on serious grounds and then only after every possible effort has been made to overcome the impediment to local acceptability. ISO 257:2004(E) 2 ISO 2004 All rights reserved5 Principles for selection 5.1 General 5.1.1 No substance
30、should be given a common name if its chemical name is reasonably short and distinctive (e.g. metaldehyde, carbon tetrachloride). 5.1.2 The identity of a common name should be maintained in all languages, subject to necessary linguistic variations. 5.1.3 Common names should be as short as is practica
31、ble, but should not include single letters and/or numerals except as structural qualifiers. NOTE While the formation of common names from initials and numerals is no longer acceptable, exceptions (e.g. MCPA, 2,4,5-T) have been made for substances which are so well known by such names that to use oth
32、er names would cause confusion. 5.1.4 Common names should be distinctive in sound and spelling and should be neither difficult to pronounce nor liable to confusion with existing names (see 5.5.1). 5.1.5 To facilitate international spelling and translation, “f” instead of “ph” should be used in commo
33、n names; the suffix “-phenyl” in the names of esters, however, should retain its normal spelling. Similarly “t” should be used instead of “th” with the permitted exceptions “thrin” and “thiuron”. Methyl and ethyl esters retain their normal spelling. 5.2 Salts and esters 5.2.1 Simple salts The common
34、 name for a simple salt should be that of the parent acid, alcohol or base. In the case of an acid or alcohol, the complementary cation may be given as a hyphenated suffix and, in the case of a base, the complementary anion may be stated. A quaternary ammonium or phosphonium salt should be treated a
35、s a salt of a base. EXAMPLES: alloxydim-sodium, bromoxynil-potassium, imazalil nitrate, chlormequat chloride. 5.2.2 Simple esters Similarly, where the substance is a simple ester or other derivative, and the existence of biological activity derives from the parent form, the common name should be tha
36、t of the parent. This should be taken as the case if other esters or derivatives are known, or are expected, to exhibit similar biological activity. The complementary esterifying radical may be indicated. EXAMPLES: mecoprop-methyl, dinoseb acetate. ISO 257:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 35.2.3
37、 Complex esters and salts If neither moiety of an ester or salt is simple, the common name should be that of the whole molecule. EXAMPLES: bupirimate, decafentin. 5.2.4 Recommended names for ions and radicals Recommended names have been developed for some of the more commonly occurring ions and radi
38、cals. These are listed in Table 1 and should be used in place of the chemical names. Table 1 Names for ions and radicals Recommended name Chemical name albesilate butometyl butotyl diclexine dimolamine diolamine ethadyl etotyl isoctyl meptyl metilsulfate mexyl olamine tefuryl trimesium trolamine alk
39、ylbenzenesulfonate 2-butoxy-1-methylethyl 2-butoxyethyl dicyclohexylammonium (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium ethylene (ethane-1,2-diyl) 2-ethoxyethyl “iso-octyl” (mixed C-8 alkyl radical) 1-methylheptyl methylsulfate 1-methylhexyl 2-hydroxyethylammonium tetrahydrofurfury
40、l trimethylsulfonium tris(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium Traditional names for radicals, as retained in Reference 2, should be used in place of systematic or semi-systematic names that include locants. EXAMPLES: butyrate, dimethylammonium, fumarate, isobutyl, isopropyl, isopropylammonium, ISO 257:2004(E) 4
41、 ISO 2004 All rights reserved methylammonium, triethylammonium. 5.2.5 Multiplying affixes Multiplying affixes should be used when the parent is a dibasic (or higher) acid, alcohol or base and more than one possible derivative could be produced. Affixes should also be used in any other case where the
42、re is a need to avoid ambiguity. EXAMPLES: chlorthal-dimethyl, chlorthal-monomethyl, diquat dibromide, iminoctadine triacetate, streptomycin sesquisulfate, thiosultap-disodium. It is not normally necessary to use multiplying affixes with the parent substance. EXAMPLES: dalapon-magnesium 2:1 ratio, f
43、osetyl-aluminium 3:1 ratio, oxpoconazole fumarate 2:1 ratio. 5.3 Purity of chemicals Although common names should be given to chemical entities of known structure, in exceptional cases they may be given to mixtures whose composition is constant for all practical purposes and whose concentrations of
44、active components can be specified. Such exceptional cases may include: a) a reaction product mixture, provided that the concentrations of the main active components fall within acceptable limits about specified proportions; b) a polymeric reaction product mixture, provided that the concentrations o
45、f the main active component polymers (the repeating units of which are specified) in the reaction product mixture are known and are constant to within acceptable limits; c) an extract or derivative of a natural product (from animal, plant, fungal or bacterial sources), the composition of which is co
46、nstant within acceptable limits. 5.4 Isomers and isomeric mixtures 5.4.1 The following special considerations should be taken into account when coining names for mixtures of isomers. ISO 257:2004(E) ISO 2004 All rights reserved 55.4.2 The common name for a substance that can exist in enantiomeric (o
47、ptically isomeric) forms owing to a single asymmetric centre should be assigned, without affixes, either to the racemate or to one of the enantiomers, depending on the form for which the common name is first required. If a common name is required subsequently for another stereochemical variant, it s
48、hould be the original common name with the appended suffix “-MP”, “-M” or “-P”, for the racemate, the () isomer or the (+) isomer, respectively. If more than one chiral centre is present, it may be necessary to adopt special measures, such as a system based on appropriate modification of the origina
49、l common name, for example that developed for the synthetic pyrethroids (see Annex B). 5.4.3 The common name of a substance which consists of complementary geometrical isomers should indicate the essential familial features (see 5.6). A specific isomer or subgroup of isomers of such a substance may be assigned a common name which may include a syllable or letter(s) implying a cis-, trans-, (E)- or (Z)- form only if the substance is produced commercially in a substantially
