1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20331-3 SANS 297:2009Edition 3.1Any reference to SABS 297 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 Nove
4、mber 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Mastic asphalt for roofing Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2
5、009 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to remove reference to the standardization mark, to update the definition of “acceptable“, and to update the referenced standards. Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance deri
6、ved from publications of the following organizations: American Society for Testing and Materials British Standards Institution Institute of Petroleum (UK) Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 59, Construction standards, in accordance with the SABS Standards
7、 Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/ TBT agreement. This document was published in October 2009. This document supersedes SABS 297:1975 (edition 3). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been technically modified by amendment No. 1. Preface This standard was first publi
8、shed in 1951 and subsequently revised in 1954. Edition 3 has been necessitated by the changeover in the Republic of South Africa from non-metric to metric units and, in addition to the substitution of metric values and the replacement of descriptions of the relevant test methods by references to AST
9、M and IP test methods (where applicable), the standard has, in line with current practice, been amended to a) allow for additional suitable types of fine and of coarse aggregates (see 3.1.1 and 3.1.2); b) change the type 2 binder to a bituminous blend that incorporates Gilsonite, or another acceptab
10、le natural bituminous substance, or both (see 3.1.3(a); c) rationalize the requirements for type 1 binder (see 3.1.3(b); d) restrict the range of the amount of lake asphalt that may be incorporated in type 3 binder; e) bring, where appropriate, the requirements for binders of types 2 and 3 (see 3.1.
11、3(c), into line with those for type 1 binder; and f) allow for a slightly harder mastic asphalt by lowering the minimum requirement for hardness number. SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword Preface 1 Scope . 3 2 Definitions 3 3 Requirements . 4 4 Marking. 6 5 Sampling a
12、nd compliance with the specification. 6 6 Methods of test. 7 Appendix A Applicable standards 9 Appendix B Notes to users . 9 SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 3 Mastic asphalt for roofing 1 Scope This specification covers mastic asphalt for r
13、oofing, other than mastic asphalt designed to withstand the exceptional conditions experienced in ammunition factories, etc., and direct chemical attack by industrial liquors. NOTE a) The titles of standards referred to by number in the specification are given, and the methods referred to are listed
14、, in appendix A. b) The attention of users of this specification is drawn to the information given in appendix B. c) Assessment of compliance with the requirements for the bitumen binder (see 3.1.3) requires special agreement between supplier and purchaser regarding the sampling procedure to be used
15、. Amdt 1 2 Definitions For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant Amdt 1 aggregate fragmentary or particulate mineral matter asphalt
16、a bitumen that contains a substantial proportion of inert mineral matter NOTE The term “asphalt“ must always be used with a suitable qualifying adjective. ASTM method a test method published by the American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa 19103, United States of
17、 America bitumen a non-crystalline solid or viscous mixture of complex hydrocarbons that possesses characteristic agglomerating properties, softens gradually when heated, is substantially soluble in trichlorethylene, and is found (in association with mineral matter) as a component of natural asphalt
18、, or is obtained from petroleum by refining processes SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 4 bitumen binder the binder obtained by so processing bituminous materials that the binder complies with specific requirements and has qualities suitable for the manufacture of mastic asphalt Gilsonite a natural bitumino
19、us substance that exists in well defined underground veins, has a softening point (ring and ball) higher than 120 C, and is substantially soluble in trichlorethylene hardness number the numeral denoting the depth, in tenths of a millimetre, to which a flat-ended steel rod of diameter 6,35 mm penetra
20、tes, after 60 s, a sample of the mastic asphalt that is at a temperature of 25 C, when the rod is applying a pressure of 9,8 MPa to the sample IP method a test method published by the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish Street, London, W1M 8AR, England lake asphalt a semi-fluid natural asphalt
21、existing in well defined deposits lot that quantity of mastic asphalt for roofing bearing the same batch identification, from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing mastic asphalt a type of asphalt composed of suitably graded mineral matter and a bitumen binder in suc
22、h proportions as to form a coherent, voidless, impermeable mass that is solid or semi-solid under normal temperature conditions, but is sufficiently fluid, when brought to a suitable temperature, to be spread by means of a hand float natural as found in nature 3 Requirements 3.1 Components 3.1.1 Fin
23、e aggregate The fine aggregate shall consist of finely ground naturally-occurring consolidated limestone or slate or other acceptable aggregate, and shall be free from foreign matter. The size grading of the fine aggregate shall be such that the finished mastic asphalt complies with 3.2.3 in respect
24、 of the size grading of the total fine aggregate content. 3.1.2 Coarse aggregate Coarse aggregate (when incorporated) shall consist of a water-worn siliceous grit or crushed angular stone fragments derived from clean igneous or calcareous rock, and shall be as free from dust as is practicable. At le
25、ast 95 % shall be retained on an 850 m sieve and 100 % shall pass through a 4,75 mm sieve. 3.1.3 Bitumen binder a) The binder shall not contain any mineral matter other than that naturally present in the binder. It shall be homogeneous and free from water and shall not foam when heated to applicatio
26、n temperature. It shall be one of the following types: Type 1: A bitumen obtained from petroleum by refining processes. SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 5 Type 2: A mixture of bitumen and Gilsonite or other acceptable natural bituminous substance, or of all three. Type 3: A mixture of bitumen and lake asph
27、alt. b) Type 1 binder. The binder shall comply with the requirements for one of the grades of penetration grade type bitumen of SANS 317. c) Type 2 and Type 3 binders. The binder shall comply with the appropriate requirements given in table 1. Table 1 1 2 3 4 Requirement Property Type 2 Type 3 Test
28、method Penetration 15-40 15-40 ASTM D 5-IP 49 using a needle pretreated with oleic acid Softening point (ring and ball), C 55-75 55-75 IP 58 Ductility at 25 C, mm, min. a) Binder with a penetration value of 15-20 50 50 b) Binder with a penetration value higher than 20 up to and including 4010 the ac
29、tual numerical value of the penetration10 the actual numerical value of the penetrationASTM D 113 Solubility in tri-chlorethylene, % (m/m) 95,0 min. 70-94 IP 47 or ASTM D 2042 using tri-chlorethylene as the solvent Loss on heating, % (m/m), max. 1,0 1,0 IP 506 Mineral matter (ash) content, % (m/m) 5
30、,0 max. 5-25 IP 223 Amdt 13.2 Mastic asphalt 3.2.1 Bitumen content The bitumen content, determined in accordance with 6.2, shall be 11,5-15,0 % (m/m). 3.2.2 Coarse aggregate content The coarse aggregate content, determined in accordance with 6.3, shall not exceed 20 % (m/m). 3.2.3 Size grading of fi
31、ne aggregate The size grading of the fine aggregate in the mastic asphalt, determined in accordance with 6.3, shall be as given in table 2. SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 6 Table 2 Size grading of fine aggregate 1 2 Fraction Requirement, % (m/m) of total fine aggregate Pass 75 m sieve Pass 180 m sieve Pa
32、ss 425 m sieve Pass 850 m sieve 42-55 58-79 84-93 100 min. 3.2.4 Hardness number The hardness number, determined in accordance with 6.4, shall be in the range 15-40. 4 Marking The following information shall appear in legible and indelible marking on each block of mastic asphalt or, when the mastic
33、asphalt is supplied in a mixer, in the relevant consignment documents: a) the manufacturers name or trade name or trade mark; b) a description of the product; c) the batch identification. 5 Sampling and compliance with the specification 1)5.1 Sampling The following sampling procedure shall be applie
34、d in determining whether a lot complies with the requirements of the specification. The sample so drawn shall be deemed to represent the lot. 5.1.1 Composite sample After inspecting for compliance with section 4, proceed as follows: a) Blocks. Take seven blocks at random from the lot and, from about
35、 the middle of each block, break off a piece of mass at least 0,5 kg, and combine the pieces to form a composite sample. b) Sampling from a mixer. During discharge from the mixer take three portions, each of mass at least 6 kg, representing (respectively) mastic asphalt from the beginning, middle, a
36、nd end of the discharge. Thoroughly mix the portions at a temperature of 150-200 C and, with the aid of a wooden float, “float out“ on an iron plate to a thickness of at least twice that of the largest aggregate particle present. While still warm, loosen the mastic asphalt from the plate and take en
37、ough representative pieces to provide a composite sample of mass at least 3,5 kg. 1) This section applies to the sampling for inspection and testing before acceptance or rejection of single lots (consignments) in cases where no information about the implementation of quality control or testing durin
38、g manufacture is available to help in assessing the quality of the lot. It is also used as the procedure for adjudicating in cases of dispute. SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 7 5.1.2 Sample for testing Break all the pieces in the composite sample drawn in accordance with 5.1.1 to a size of approximately 2
39、0 mm, mix the broken pieces thoroughly, and then quarter them down to provide a sample of the size required for the relevant tests given in section 6. 5.2 Compliance with the specification The lot shall be deemed to comply with the requirements of the specification if, after inspection and testing,
40、the sample taken in accordance with 5.1.2 is found to comply with all the relevant requirements of the specification. 6 Methods of test 6.1 Penetration, softening point, ductility, solubility in trichlorethylene, loss on heating, and mineral matter (ash) content of binder See column 4 of table 1. 6.
41、2 Bitumen content of mastic asphalt Use IP method 160 but use trichlorethylene as the solvent. Retain the dried and weighed aggregate for the size grading test (see 6.3). Amdt 1 When relevant, correct, as follows, the result so obtained for the coarse aggregate content of the mastic asphalt: aCorrec
42、ted bitumen content, %(m/m) = 100(100 b)where a = uncorrected bitumen content (IP method 160), % (m/m) Amdt 1 b = coarse aggregate content of the mastic asphalt, % (m/m) (from 6.3) 6.3 Size grading of aggregate Grade the sample of dried aggregate (retained in terms of 6.2) using a suitable set of si
43、eves of the nominal aperture sizes given in column 1 of table 2, plus a sieve of nominal aperture size 4,75 mm. After checking that all the aggregate has passed the 4,75 mm sieve, record, as coarse aggregate, the portion of the aggregate retained by the 850 m sieve and calculate the coarse aggregate
44、 content as a percentage of the mastic asphalt. Express the fine aggregate fractions as percentages of the total fine aggregate portion, i.e. the portion of the aggregate that passed the 850 m sieve. 6.4 Hardness number 6.4.1 Apparatus a) Steel rod. A stainless steel rod of suitable length, of diame
45、ter 6,35 mm, and having a square-cut lower end with sharp and true edges. b) Hardness number apparatus. An apparatus that consists essentially of 1) a water bath maintained at a temperature of 25 0,25 C, above which is mounted SANS 297:2009 Edition 3.1 8 2) an arm, equipped with means for gripping t
46、he steel rod in a vertical position, and so pivoted and loaded as to allow the rod to apply a pressure of 9,8 MPa to the specimen under test, and fitted with an indicator that registers, in tenths of a millimetre, downward movements of the rod. c) Stop-watch. 6.4.2 Preparation of test specimen Melt
47、a portion of the sample (5.1.2) in a clean pot at the lowest temperature at which the mastic asphalt becomes homogeneous and can be floated. So float this portion into a mould (of diameter about 100 mm and thickness at least 38 mm) that consolidation is complete, and that the upper and lower surface
48、s of the specimen are as nearly flat and parallel to each other as practicable. 6.4.3 Procedure a) Examine the surface of the test specimen and mark precisely at least three spots at which indentations will be made. Choose these spots so that 1) individual tests will be at points that are at least 2
49、5 mm apart and at least 25 mm from the edge of the sample, and 2) the surface at each point is absolutely flat and free from chippings. After ensuring that the bottom of the water bath is level and clean, submerge the test specimen in the bath for at least 2 h. b) Immerse the lower end of the steel rod in the water bath for long enough to ensure that its temperature reaches 25 0,25 C. c) So position the test specimen in the water bath that the indentation rod is immediately above a test point and, avoiding excessive pressure on the specimen, lower the rod u
