1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-18998-3 SANS 3534-1:2007Edition 2ISO 3534-1:2006Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General
4、 statistical terms and terms used in probability This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 3534-1:2006, and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pret
5、oria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 3534-1:2007 Edition 2 ISO 3534-1:2006 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 169,
6、 Applications of statistical methods, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This standard was published in January 2007. This edition cancels and replaces edition 1 (SANS 3534-1/ISO 3534-1:1993). Reference numberNumro de rfrence
7、ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE ISO3534-1Second editionDeuxime dition2006-10-15Statistics Vocabulary and symbols Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probability Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles Partie 1: Termes statistiques gnraux et termes
8、utiliss en calcul des probabilits SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 The reproduction of the terms and definitions contained in this International Standard is permitted in teaching ma
9、nuals, instruction booklets, technical publications and journals for strictly educational or implementation purposes. The conditions for such reproduction are: that no modifications are made to the terms and definitions; that such reproduction is not permitted for dictionaries or similar publication
10、s offered for sale; and that this International Standard is referenced as the source document. With the sole exceptions noted above, no other part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without pe
11、rmission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. La reproduction des termes et des dfinitions contenus dans la prsente Norme internationale est autorise dans les manuels denseignement, les modes demploi, les publications et revues techniqu
12、es destins exclusivement lenseignement ou la mise en application. Les conditions dune telle reproduction sont les suivantes: aucune modification nest apporte aux termes et dfinitions; la reproduction nest pas autorise dans des dictionnaires ou publications similaires destins la vente; la prsente Nor
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22、S .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs iiiContents Page Foreword. v Introduction vii Scope 1 1 General statistical terms 2 2 Terms used in probability 37 Annex A (informative) Symbols 81 Annex B (informative) Statistical concept diagrams 84 Annex C (informative) Prob
23、ability concept diagrams. 90 Annex D (informative) Methodology used in the development of the vocabulary 94 Bibliography . 101 Alphabetical index . 102 French alphabetical index (Index alphabtique). 104 SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemail
24、ing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) iv ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsSommaire Page Avant-propos.vi Introduction .viii Domaine dapplication .1 1 Termes statistiques gnraux .2 2 Termes utiliss en probabilit .37 Annexe A (informative) Symboles.81 Annexe B (informative) Diagra
25、mmes de concept84 Annexe C (informative) Diagramme de concept de probabilit .90 Annexe D (informative) Mthodologie utilise pour laborer le vocabulaire .94 Bibliographie 101 Index alphabtique anglais (Alphabetical index) 102 Index alphabtique.104 SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard may only be used and pr
26、inted by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparin
27、g International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liai
28、son with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of t
29、echnical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is d
30、rawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 3534-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 69, Applications of statistical methods, Subcommittee SC 1, T
31、erminology and symbols. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3534-1:1993), which has been technically revised. ISO 3534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Statistics Vocabulary and symbols: Part 1: General statistical terms and terms used in probabili
32、ty Part 2: Applied statistics Part 3: Design of experiments SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) vi ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsAvant-propos LISO (Organisation internationale
33、de normalisation) est une fdration mondiale dorganismes nationaux de normalisation (comits membres de lISO). Llaboration des Normes internationales est en gnral confie aux comits techniques de lISO. Chaque comit membre intress par une tude a le droit de faire partie du comit technique cr cet effet.
34、Les organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec lISO participent galement aux travaux. LISO collabore troitement avec la Commission lectrotechnique internationale (CEI) en ce qui concerne la normalisation lectrotechnique. Les Normes internationales sont r
35、diges conformment aux rgles donnes dans les Directives ISO/CEI, Partie 2. La tche principale des comits techniques est dlaborer les Normes internationales. Les projets de Normes internationales adopts par les comits techniques sont soumis aux comits membres pour vote. Leur publication comme Normes i
36、nternationales requiert lapprobation de 75 % au moins des comits membres votants. Lattention est appele sur le fait que certains des lments du prsent document peuvent faire lobjet de droits de proprit intellectuelle ou de droits analogues. LISO ne saurait tre tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir i
37、dentifi de tels droits de proprit et averti de leur existence. LISO 3534-1 a t labore par le comit technique ISO/TC 69, Application des mthodes statistiques, sous-comit SC 1, Terminologie et symboles. Cette deuxime dition annule et remplace la premire dition (ISO 3534-1:1993), qui a fait lobjet dune
38、 rvision technique. LISO 3534 comprend les parties suivantes, prsentes sous le titre gnral Statistique Vocabulaire et symboles: Partie 1: Termes statistiques gnraux et termes utiliss en calcul des probabilits Partie 2: Statistique applique Partie 3: Plans dexprience SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard ma
39、y only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservs viiIntroduction The current versions of ISO 3534-1 and ISO 3534-2 are intended to be compatible. They share the common goal of restricting the
40、ir respective mathematical levels to the minimum levels necessary to attain coherent, correct and concise definitions. Part 1 on terms used in probability and statistics is fundamental, so by necessity is presented at a somewhat sophisticated mathematical level. Recognizing that users of ISO 3534-2
41、or other TC 69 standards on applied statistics may occasionally consult this part of ISO 3534for the definition of certain terms, several of the terms are described in a less technical manner within the notes and are illustrated with examples. Although these informal descriptions are not a substitut
42、e for formal definitions, they may provide a working, layman definition of concepts, thus serving the needs of multiple users of these terminology standards. To accommodate further the applied user who normally would be involved with standards such as ISO 3534-2 or ISO 5725, for example, notes and e
43、xamples are offered to make this part of ISO 3534 more accessible. A well-defined and reasonably complete set of probability and statistical terms is essential to the development of and effective use of statistical standards. The definitions provided here must be sufficiently accurate and mathematic
44、ally sophisticated to enable statistical standards developers to avoid ambiguities. Of course, more detailed explanations of concepts, their contexts and their realms of application can be found in introductory probability and statistics textbooks. Concept diagrams are provided in an informative ann
45、ex for each group of terms: 1) general statistical terms (in Annex B) and 2) terms used in probability (in Annex C). There are six concept diagrams for general statistical terms and four concept diagrams for terms related to probability. Some terms appear in multiple diagrams to provide a link from
46、one set of concepts to another. Annex D provides a brief introduction to Concept Diagrams and their interpretation. These diagrams were instrumental in constructing this revision as they assist in delineating the interrelationships of the various terms. These diagrams are also likely to be useful in
47、 translating the standard into other languages. As a general comment with respect to much of the standard, unless otherwise indicated, the definitions relate to the one-dimensional (univariate) case. This provision is admitted here to eliminate the need to mention repetitively the one-dimensional sc
48、ope for most of the definitions. SANS 3534-1:2007This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 3534-1:2006(E/F) viii ISO 2006 All rights reserved/Tous droits rservsIntroduction Les versions actuelles de lISO 3534-1 et de lISO 3534-2 sont destines tre compatibles. Elles partagent lobjectif commun de rduire leurs niveaux mathmatiques au strict minimum pour obtenir des dfinitions cohrentes, correctes et concises. La prsente partie de lISO 3534, relative aux termes utiliss dans le domaine des probabilits et des statistiques, est fond
