1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22667-1 SANS 4045:2010Edition 1ISO 4045:2008Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Leather Chemical tests Determination of pH This natio
4、nal standard is the identical implementation of ISO 4045:2008 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.c
5、o.za SABS SANS 4045:2010 Edition 1 ISO 4045:2008 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 120B, Leather Leather test methods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance w
6、ith annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2010. Reference numberISO 4045:2008(E)IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E)ISO 2008INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4045IULTCS/IUC11Second edition2008-02-15Leather Chemical tests Determination of pH Cuir Essais chimiques Dtermination du pH S
7、ANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4045:2008(E) IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed bu
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12、749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2008 All rights reservedSANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4045:2008(E) IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved iiiFor
13、eword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a tech
14、nical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
15、 electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated t
16、o the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for
17、 identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4045/IUC 11 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in collaboration with the Chemical Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Co
18、mmission, IULTCS), in accordance with the Agreement on technical co-operation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). It is based on IUC 11 originally published in J. Soc. Leather Trades Chemists, 49, pp. 25-29, 1965, and declared an official method of the IULTCS in 1965. IULTCS, originally formed i
19、n 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for sampling and the testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an interna
20、tional standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4045:1977), which has been technically revised. SANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the
21、 SABS .SANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4045:2008(E)IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 1Leather Chemical tests Determination of pH 1 Scope This International Standard spe
22、cifies a method for determining the pH value and the difference figure of an aqueous leather extract. It is applicable to all types of leather. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cit
23、ed applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 4044, Leathe
24、r Chemical tests Preparation of chemical test samples 3 Terms and definitions For the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 difference figure difference between the pH value of a solution and that of its ten-fold dilution NOTE The difference figure is a measure of
25、the strength of acids and bases and can never exceed a value of 1. The difference figure amounts to 0,7 to 1,0 when a solution contains a free strong acid (or a free strong base). The ionization of weak acids and bases increases with greater dilution, and therefore the difference figure can only act
26、 as a criterion for the presence of free strong acid or base in aqueous extracts with pH values below 4 or above 10. 4 Principle Preparation of an aqueous extract from a test portion of the leather and measurement of the pH of the extract, using a pH meter. In cases where the pH value obtained is be
27、low 4,00 or above 10,00, the pH value of a ten-fold dilution of the aqueous extract is also determined. 5 Reagents 5.1 Water, Grade 3 in accordance with ISO 3696. The water shall be kept in a freshly boiled-out container of resistant glass of low alkali content. 5.2 Buffer solution, for calibrating
28、the electrode system. SANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4045:2008(E) IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E) 2 ISO 2008 All rights reservedIt is preferable to purchase a commercially available standard buffer solution for measur
29、ement as recommended by the pH meter manufacturer. The length of time for which buffer solutions will keep depends on their composition and the method of use. Control of the accuracy of the buffer solution is therefore indispensable. Used buffer solution shall be discarded. 6 Apparatus 6.1 Suitable
30、shaker, adjusted to a frequency of (50 10) min1. 6.2 pH meter, with glass electrode, with a measuring range from 0 to 14 pH units, graduated in 0,05 pH units. The electrode system shall be calibrated prior to each series of measurements against the buffer solution (5.2). Aqueous extracts of heavily
31、fat-liquored leather may in time make the electrode membrane dirty. In such cases, the membrane shall be lightly rubbed with a piece of cotton wool dipped in acetone or the electrode should be suspended in a 1:1 water:acetone mixture. After cleaning, the membrane should again be thoroughly soaked in
32、 water. 6.3 Analytical balance, capable of weighing to an accuracy of 0,1 mg. 6.4 Wide mouthed flask, with leak-proof stopper, capacity 250 ml. 6.5 Measuring cylinder, capacity 100 ml, graduated in 1 ml divisions. 6.6 Volumetric flask, capacity 100 ml. 6.7 Pipette, capacity 10 ml. 7 Sampling and pre
33、paration of the samples If possible, sample in accordance with ISO 2418. If sampling in accordance with ISO 2418 is not possible, then details about sampling shall be given in the test report. Grind the leather in accordance with ISO 4044. Two separate samples shall be analysed. 8 Procedure 8.1 Prep
34、aration of the extract Weigh (5 0,1) g of the test sample into the wide mouthed flask (6.4) and add (100 1) ml of water (5.1) at (20 2) C. Shake well by hand for about 30 s so that the test portion is uniformly wet. Shake mechanically in the shaker (6.1) for between 6 h and 6,5 h. Allow the extract
35、to settle before decanting. If difficulty is experienced in decanting the extract from the slurry, it may be strained through a clean, dry, non-absorbent mesh (for example, nylon cloth or a coarse sintered glass filter), or centrifuged. 8.2 Determination of the pH value Standardize the pH meter with
36、 two buffer solutions; one below the expected value and one above the expected value. Both these buffer readings shall be within 0,02 pH unit of the correct reading when the meter is standardised. Ensure that the extract (8.1) is at (20 2) C. Immediately after stirring the extract solution, determin
37、e the pH value with the pH meter (6.2), to the nearest 0,05 pH unit, as soon as a steady reading has been reached. The reading shall be taken within 30 s to 60 s after rinsing the electrodes in the extract. SANS 4045:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freema
38、iling clients of the SABS .ISO 4045:2008(E) IULTCS/IUC 11:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved 38.3 Determination of the difference figure If the pH value is below 4 or over 10, the difference figure shall be determined. For this determination, transfer, using the pipette (6.7), 10 ml of the extract
39、 into the volumetric flask (6.6) and make up to the mark with water. Rinse the electrodes with approximately 20 ml of the diluted solution and then measure the pH value as in 8.2. 8.4 Calculation of the difference figure The difference figure is calculated by subtracting the pH value obtained in 8.3
40、 from that obtained in 8.2. The result is quoted to the nearest 0,05 pH unit. 9 Test report The test report shall include the following: a) reference to this International Standard (ISO 4045); b) details of any deviations from the prescribed test conditions; c) reference to any instability of the pH
41、 reading of the extract which prevents an unequivocal statement of the pH value or difference figure; d) a statement of the mean value of the individual determinations of pH value and, if this is below 4 or above 10, the difference figure. The figures shall be given to the nearest 0,05 pH unit. SABS
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43、ivision The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008). Amendments and Revisions South African National Standards are updated by amendment or revision. Us
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