1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22260-4 SANS 4098:2010Edition 1ISO 4098:2006Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Leather Chemical tests Determination of water-soluble
4、 matter, water-soluble inorganic matter and water-soluble organic matter This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 4098:2006 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof
5、 Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 4098:2010 Edition 1 ISO 4098:2006 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 120B, Leather Leather test met
6、hods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2010. Reference numberISO 4098:2006(E)IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E)ISO 2006INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4098IULTCS/IUC6First edition2006-01-15Leath
7、er Chemical tests Determination of water-soluble matter, water-soluble inorganic matter and water-soluble organic matter Cuir Essais chimiques Dtermination des matires solubles dans leau, des matires inorganiques solubles dans leau et des matires organiques solubles dans leau SANS 4098:2010This s ta
8、ndard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited u
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12、including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Pu
13、blished in Switzerland ii ISO 2006 All rights reservedSANS 4098:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative refere
14、nces . 1 3 Principle. 1 4 Terms and definitions. 2 5 Reagents 2 6 Apparatus 2 7 Sampling and preparation of samples 3 8 Procedure 3 8.1 General. 3 8.2 Water-soluble matter 3 8.3 Water-soluble inorganic matter. 3 9 Remarks on the procedure 3 10 Calculation and expression of results 4 11 Test report .
15、 5 12 Repeatability 5 SANS 4098:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) iv ISO 2006 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federati
16、on of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee
17、. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance w
18、ith the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires appr
19、oval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4098 was prepared by the European Comm
20、ittee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in collaboration with the Chemical Tests Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Commission, IULTCS), in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
21、CEN (Vienna Agreement). It is based on IUC 6 originally published in J. Soc. Leather Trades Chemists, 49, p. 13, 1965 and declared an official method of the IULTCS in 1965. IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of
22、 leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. SANS 4098:2010This s tand
23、ard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4098:2006(E)IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 1Leather Chemical tests Determination of water-soluble matter, water-soluble inorganic matter and water-soluble orga
24、nic matter 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of determination of water-soluble matter, water-soluble inorganic matter and water-soluble organic matter. It is applicable to all leather types. The result obtained by this analysis depends on factors such as: the degree to which the
25、 leather is ground; the extraction temperature; the extraction period; the ratio of leather to water. To obtain comparable results, it is consequently imperative that test conditions should be accurately reproduced. In all cases, any ammonium salts in the filtrate are included as part of the water-s
26、oluble matter and are then decomposed on ignition. Thus they contribute towards the result for water-soluble organic substances. The concentration of the ammonium salts can be determined in the filtrate separately if required. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensab
27、le for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 3696,
28、Water for analytical laboratory use Specification and test methods ISO 4044, Leather Preparation of chemical test samples ISO 4048, Leather Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane ISO 4684, Leather Chemical tests Determination of volatile matter 3 Principle Following aqueous extraction of
29、 a prepared sample under specified conditions, the water-soluble matter is quantified by evaporation and drying at (102 2) C. Sulfating and ashing of the residue at 700 C yields the water-soluble inorganic matter. The water-soluble organic matter is derived by difference. SANS 4098:2010This s tandar
30、d may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) 2 ISO 2006 All rights reserved4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 water soluble matter substance wh
31、ich, under the conditions described in this method, is dissolved out of the leather by water 4.2 water soluble inorganic matter sulfated ash of the water-soluble matter prepared in accordance with this method 4.3 water soluble organic matter difference between total water-soluble matter and water-so
32、luble inorganic matter 5 Reagents 5.1 Sulfuric acid solution,1 mol/l. 5.2 Distilled or deionized water, conforming to the requirements of Grade 3 of ISO 3696. 6 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus is required and, in particular the following: 6.1 Flasks, with a wide neck and a close fitting stopper
33、 (650 ml to 750 ml capacity should be suitable). 6.2 Graduated measuring cylinder, capacity 500 ml. 6.3 Pipette, capacity 50 ml. 6.4 Evaporating basin, quartz, platinum or porcelain, with flat bottom, and a working capacity of at least 50 ml. 6.5 Appropriate shaking apparatus operating at (50 10) cy
34、cles per minute. 6.6 Thermometer of range from 0 C to 50 C. 6.7 Fluted filter paper of fast qualitative grade. 6.8 Boiling water or steam bath. 6.9 Oven, capable of being maintained at 102 C 2 C. 6.10 Muffle furnace, capable of being maintained at a temperature close to but not exceeding 700 C (see
35、9.4) 6.11 Desiccator. 6.12 Analytical balance weighing to an accuracy of 0,001 g. SANS 4098:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) ISO 2006 All rights reserved 37 Sampling and preparation of
36、samples If possible, sample in accordance with ISO 2418 and grind leather in accordance with ISO 4044. If sampling in accordance with ISO 2418 is not possible (e.g. in the case of leathers from finished products such as shoes or garments), details about sampling have to be given together with the te
37、st report. Weigh accurately approximately 10 g of ground leather and record the mass (m0). Extract the leather in accordance with ISO 4048 before determination of the water-soluble matter. If the result is to be presented on the basis of dry substance, then a further sample of the same leather shoul
38、d tested in accordance with ISO 4684, so that the moisture content can be calculated. 8 Procedure 8.1 General Quantitatively transfer the air-dried, ground, dichloromethane-extracted leather obtained from Clause 7 into a flask (6.1). Add 500 ml 10 ml of deionised water (5.2) at 22,5 C 2,5 C, close t
39、he stopper securely and shake mechanically (6.5) at (50 10) cycles per minute for 2 h 10 min at (22,5 C 2,5) C (see 9.1). Filter the contents of the flask through a fluted filter paper (6.7) until the filtrate is clear. Discard the first 50 ml. Determine the water-soluble organic matter and inorgani
40、c matter in subsequent 50 ml aliquot portions of the filtrate (see 9.2 and 9.3) 8.2 Water-soluble matter Pipette 50,0 ml (6.3) of filtrate into a basin (6.4) which has previously been prepared by heating at 700 C (6.10), cooled in a desiccator and accurately weighed. Evaporate the filtrate over the
41、water-bath (6.8) and dry the residue at 102 C 2 C (6.9) for approximately 2 h. Cool in a desiccator, using only one basin at a time in a small desiccator, and no more than two in a large desiccator. Weigh quickly, and repeat the drying, cooling and weighing procedure either until the further reducti
42、on in mass does not exceed 2 mg, or the total drying time equals 8 h. Record the final mass and calculate the mass of dry residue (m1). 8.3 Water-soluble inorganic matter Thoroughly wet the residue obtained in 8.2 (see 9.2) in the basin (6.4) with just sufficient 1 mol/l sulfuric acid, and heat gent
43、ly over a low flame until no more sulfur trioxide fumes are visible. Heat more strongly until the basin approaches red heat. Transfer to the muffle furnace (6.10) at 700 C for 15 min (see 9.4). Cool in the desiccator and weigh as quickly as possible. Repeat the addition of acid, heating, cooling and
44、 weighing until the further reduction in mass does not exceed 2 mg, or the total drying time equals 8 h. Record the final mass and calculate the mass of the sulfated residue, (m2). 9 Remarks on the procedure 9.1 If the specified extraction temperature of 22,5 C 2,5 C cannot be maintained in the test
45、 room, it is advisable to use a vacuum flask of 650 ml to 750 ml capacity. The range of values of the total water-soluble matter, wT,ws, is likely to differ by about 0,5 % over the permitted temperature range. 9.2 The water soluble matter and the water-soluble inorganic matter can each be determined
46、 separately. Water-soluble matter can be determined by evaporating 50 ml portions of the filtrate in previously dried platinum, quartz, silver, porcelain or glass dishes at 102 C 2 C, in accordance with 8.2. Water-soluble inorganic matter can be determined by evaporation of separate 50 ml portions i
47、n previously heated quartz, platinum or glazed porcelain dishes in accordance with 8.3. SANS 4098:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4098:2006(E) IULTCS/IUC 6:2006(E) 4 ISO 2006 All rights reserved9.3 If the mass of water
48、-soluble inorganic matter is likely to be less than 2,0 % of the leather mass, it is recommended that a 100 ml or 200 ml aliquot portion should be used. In cases where the result is likely to be less than 1,0 %, a 100 ml or 200 ml portion should always be used. 9.4 At temperatures above 700 C some l
49、oss of mass from the residue, owing to volatilisation of certain inorganic salts is possible. For this reason close control is essential to prevent the maximum furnace temperature from exceeding 700 C. 10 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the following percentages when the evaporated volume of water is 1/10 of the total volume. If other volumes are used then the factor 10 must be changed appropriately. a) Total water-soluble matter, wT,ws(mass fraction
