1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22393-9 SANS 4684:2010Edition 1ISO 4684:2005Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Leather Chemical tests Determination of volatile matt
4、er This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 4684:2005 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 15
5、68 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 4684:2010 Edition 1 ISO 4684:2005 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 120B, Leather Leather test methods, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in
6、 compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was published in January 2010. Reference numberISO 4684:2005(E)IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E)ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO4684IULTCS/IUC5First edition2005-11-01Leather Chemical tests Determination of volatile matter Cuir Essais chimiqu
7、es Dtermination des matires volatiles SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy,
8、 this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Sec
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10、nsure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or uti
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12、 + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedSANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserve
13、d iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for whic
14、h a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all ma
15、tters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circ
16、ulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held respons
17、ible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 4684 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in collaboration with the Chemistry Commission of the International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUC Commis
18、sion, IULTCS), in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement). It is based on IULTCS method IUC 5. IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to further the advancement of leather science and tec
19、hnology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for leather. SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and
20、 printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4684:2005(E)IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1Leather Chemical te
21、sts Determination of volatile matter 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method of determination of volatile matter which is applicable to all leather types. It is not possible to determine the exact moisture content of leather by this method. This is because at elevated temperatures oth
22、er volatile substances escape and tannins and fats can be oxidized. Some absorbed water may be left in the leather after drying. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
23、 undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2418, Leather Chemical, physical and mechanical and fastness tests Sampling location ISO 4044, Leather Preparation of chemical test samples 3 Principle Leather samples are finely ground and dri
24、ed in an oven at 102 C 2 C to constant mass. The volatile matter is expressed as the ratio of the change in mass of the sample to the initial mass before drying. 4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 4.1 volatile matter leather loss of
25、mass by leather when dried to constant mass at 102 C 2 C, as described in this method 5 Apparatus Usual laboratory apparatus is required and, in particular, the following. 5.1 Flat, shallow weighing vessels with ground glass stoppers, or flat open dishes. NOTE Small weighing vessels with ground glas
26、s stoppers allow more accurate work to be done than do open dishes. 5.2 Oven, capable of being maintained at 102 C 2 C. 5.3 Analytical balance, weighing to an accuracy of 0,001 g. 5.4 Desiccator, suitable for cooling the weighing vessels. SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by
27、approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reserved6 Sampling and preparation of samples If possible, sample in accordance with ISO 2418 and grind leather in accordance with ISO 4044. If sampling in accordance with ISO 2418
28、is not possible (e.g. leathers from finished products such as shoes, garments), details about sampling shall be given along with the test report. 7 Procedure Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g, an empty weighing vessel that has been dried at 102C prior to weighing and use. Weigh, to the nearest 0,001 g,
29、approximately 3 g of the sample into the tared weighing vessel and dry at 102 C 2 C for 5 h. Cool the vessel and contents for 30 min in a desiccator and weigh. When working with open dishes, not more than one dish should be put into a small desiccator to cool at any one time, and not more than two d
30、ishes should be put into a large desiccator. Repeat the drying, cooling and weighing, but with drying times of 1 h until the further loss in mass does not exceed 3 mg (i.e. 0,1 % of the sample mass), or the total drying time equals 8 h. Record the final mass of the sample and weighing vessel, and ca
31、lculate the dried mass of sample. 8 Calculation and expression of results Calculate the mass fraction of the volatile matter, w, in percent. ()121100 mmwm= % where m1is the mass of the sample before drying; and m2is the mass of the sample after drying. 9 Test report The test report shall include the
32、 following information: a) the results obtained; b) a reference to this International Standard, i.e. “ISO 4684:2005”; c) a description of the sample tested; d) details of any deviations from the procedure, or special circumstances which may have affected the results. 10 Repeatability The results of
33、duplicate determinations should not differ by more than 0,2 %, calculated on the original mass of leather. If the duplicates differ by more than 0,2 %, further repeat analysis shall be carried out. SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing cli
34、ents of the SABS .ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3Annex A (informative) Information for leathers which contain large quantities of oxidizable fats For leathers which contain large quantities of oxidizable fats, additional useful information may be gained by carryi
35、ng out the following procedure. Determine the fats and other solubles by using the method described in ISO 4048 1. Determine the dry mass of the resultant dichloromethane-extracted leather by drying in accordance with the procedure above. Calculate the total loss of mass, expressed as a percentage o
36、f the mass of the prepared sample taken, and subtract the percentage extractable substances, thus giving the percentage volatile matter. If this procedure is used, full details should be included in the test report. SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription a
37、nd freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 4684:2005(E) IULTCS/IUC 5:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reservedBibliography 1 ISO 4048, Leather Determination of matter soluble in dichloromethane SABSSANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients o
38、f the SABS .SABS Standards Division The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards. This objective is incorporated in the Standards Act, 2008 (Act No. 8 of 2008). Amendments and Revisions South African National Standards are updated
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45、trieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the SABS Standards Division. This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these details a
46、re to be used for any purpose other than implementation, prior written permission must be obtained. Details and advice can be obtained from the Senior Manager. Tel: +27 (0) 12 428 6666 Fax: +27 (0) 12 428 6928 E-mail: infosabs.co.za SANS 4684:2010This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .
