1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-20480-8 SANS 501:2008Edition 2 ISO 501:2003Edition 3SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Hard coal Determination of the crucible swelling numbe
4、r This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 501:2003 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 inter
5、national code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 501:2008 Edition 2 ISO 501:2003 Edition 3 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5140.20B, South African committee for solid mineral fuels Tes
6、t methods, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in February 2008. This SANS document supersedes SABS ISO 501:1981 (edition 1). Reference numberISO 501:2003(E)ISO 2003INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO501Thir
7、d edition2003-11-01Hard coal Determination of the crucible swelling number Houille Dtermination de lindice de gonflement au creuset SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may
8、contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be printed or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the respon
9、sibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no liability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation
10、 parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2003 All rights reserved. Unless ot
11、herwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyri
12、ght office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2003 All rights reservedSANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the S
13、ABS .ISO 501:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved iiiForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. E
14、ach member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the Internati
15、onal Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standa
16、rds adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject
17、 of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 501 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 27, Solid mineral fuels, Subcommittee SC 5, Methods of analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 501:1981), which has
18、 been technically revised. SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 501:2003
19、(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 1Hard coal Determination of the crucible swelling number 1 Scope This International Standard specifies a method for determining the swelling properties of hard coal when heated in a covered crucible. The terminology of “Crucible Swelling Number” or CSN is also known
20、as “Free Swelling Index” or FSI. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) ap
21、plies. ISO 13909-4:2001, Hard coal and coke Mechanical sampling Part 4: Coal Preparation of test samples 3 Principle A sample of coal is heated in a covered crucible under standard conditions of time and temperature. The shape of the coke button obtained is classified by comparison with the outlines
22、 of a set of standard profiles. 4 Preparation of the test sample The test sample is the general analysis sample prepared in accordance with ISO 13909-4. Ensure that the moisture content of the sample is in equilibrium with the laboratory atmosphere, exposing it, if necessary, in a thin layer for the
23、 minimum time required to achieve equilibrium. Avoid both very fine grinding and undue exposure of the ground coal to the atmosphere as oxidation of the coal provides misleading results. For coals that can be proven to be stable, analysis should be carried out as soon as possible after sample prepar
24、ation. With coals especially liable to oxidation, carry out the test as soon as possible, but not more than 2 h after grinding, unless the sample can be stored in an inert atmosphere. Before commencing the determination, thoroughly mix the test sample for at least 1 min. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Crucible and
25、 lid (see Figure 1) Silica crucible, squat form, and silica lid with ring handle. The crucible shall conform to the following specifications: External height: 26 1,0 mm External diameter at top: 41 1,0 mm SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemaili
26、ng clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) 2 ISO 2003 All rights reservedInternal diameter at base: 14 2,0 mm Mass: 12 1,0 g Capacity: 16 to 17,5 ml Dimensions in millimetres Key 1 Flat surface required 2 Lid 3 Crucible Figure 1 Crucible with lid for swelling test 5.2 Pierced silica lid (see Figure 2)
27、Similar to that described in 5.1 but with a 6 mm hole through which the thermocouple (5.7) can pass. Dimensions in millimetres Figure 2 Pierced crucible lid SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) ISO 2003
28、 All rights reserved 35.3 Triangle, consisting of silica tubing of 6 to 6,5 mm external diameter, mounted on nickel/chromium wire or a triangle formed of solid silica, the length of each side being approximately 55 mm to 60 mm. 5.4 Burner, capable of giving the required standard heating conditions.
29、For coal gas of calorific value of about 20 MJ/m3, a Teclu-type burner with an internal diameter of the burner tube of approximately 12,5 mm has been found satisfactory. For gases with higher calorific value, such as natural gas or LPG, a Teclu- or Meker-type burner could be used, but the diameter o
30、f the burner tube or burner grid should be substantially greater than that for the coal gas; approximately 30 mm has been found satisfactory. NOTE Alternatively, an electrical heating system may be used, provided that it has been shown to give results within unit of that obtained with the gas heatin
31、g method over the whole range of swelling numbers. 5.5 Gauge, for measuring gas pressure. 5.6 Draught shield, made from refractory piping approximately 150 mm in length, of 100 mm internal diameter and 110 mm external diameter. At one end, the piping shall have three slots 25 mm deep in which the wi
32、re portions of the silica triangle rest (5.3) (see Figure 3). 5.7 Thermocouple, of fine wire of diameter not greater than 0,5 mm if made of noble metals, or 0,8 mm if made of base metal. 5.8 Weight, of mass 500 10 g. 6 Preparation of apparatus Assemble the apparatus as shown in Figure 3. Place an em
33、pty crucible (5.1) on the silica triangle (5.3) and support it in the draught shield (5.6). Adjust the gas and air supplies to the burner (5.4), so that the temperature of the inner surface of the base of the crucible reaches 800 10 C in 1,5 min and 820 5 C in 2,5 min from first igniting the gas. Fi
34、nally, heat a crucible in the apparatus for at least 5 min. Replace the crucible and check the temperatures again. Make any minor adjustments which are necessary to meet the standard conditions. If a Teclu-type burner is used, it will generally be found that a flame approximately 300 mm long, with t
35、he crucible positioned just above the tip of the blue cone, will give the standard temperature conditions. If a Meker-type burner is used, place the crucible approximately 10 mm above the burner grid and adjust the flame so that the standard temperature conditions are attained. Measure the temperatu
36、re by means of the thermocouple (5.7) inserted through the pierced lid (5.2) and having its unprotected junction and a portion of each wire in contact with the centre of the base of the empty crucible. Check the apparatus at frequent intervals to ensure that the standard conditions apply. SANS 501:2
37、008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) 4 ISO 2003 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres Key 1 pressure gauge graduated in kilopascals Figure 3 Apparatus for the gas heating method 7 Procedure Preheat the app
38、aratus for approximately 5 min. Weigh 1,00 to 1,01 g of the freshly ground sample (see Clause 4) into a clean, dry, crucible (5.1) and lightly tap the crucible about 12 times on the bench to level the surface of the coal. Cover the crucible with the unpierced lid and place it upright on the silica t
39、riangle (5.3) supported in the draught shield (5.6). Light the gas and heat at the predetermined rate for such time as is required for the flame of the burning volatile matter to die out and in any case for at least 2,5 min. Turn off the gas and allow the crucible to cool. Remove the residue careful
40、ly from the crucible. If the residue is non-coherent, for example mostly loose powder, no further examination is needed and this result shall be designated as swelling number 0. If the residue is a coherent coke button but is not swollen, place it on a flat surface and rest the 500 g weight (5.8) on
41、 it. If the button supports the 500 g weight without breaking into more than two hard pieces, designate it swelling number 1; if it crumbles, disintegrates or breaks into more than two pieces, then designate it swelling number 1/2. SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved
42、 subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 5If the coke button is swollen, compare it with the standard numbered profiles shown in Figure 4. Rotate the button about its axis so that its largest profile is presented for comparison; designate the re
43、sult by the swelling number inscribed in the outline of the profile in Figure 4 which it most nearly matches. For coke buttons that do not conform in shape to the standard profiles, the overlapping areas may be fitted by estimation into the uncovered areas of the standard profiles. A method of viewi
44、ng to avoid the effect of parallax is shown in Figure 5. Figure 4 Determination of crucible swelling number Standard profiles (actual size) and corresponding swelling numbers SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 50
45、1:2003(E) 6 ISO 2003 All rights reservedDimensions in millimetres Key 1 standard profile template Figure 5 Apparatus for viewing the button After each test, burn off the carbon residue, cool and wipe the crucible and lid with a clean cloth. If the spread of values for three determinations exceeds 1/
46、2, carry out two more single determinations. If the five results do not agree within one unit, repeat the five determinations. 8 Expression of results Report the swelling number of the coal sample as follows: Swelling number 0: non-coherent residue. Swelling number 1/2: non-swollen coke button that
47、crumbles, disintegrates or breaks into more than two pieces, under the 500 g weight. Swelling number 1: non-swollen coke button that supports the 500 g weight without breaking into more than two hard coherent pieces. SANS 501:2008This s tandard may only be used and printed by approved subscription a
48、nd freemailing clients of the SABS .ISO 501:2003(E) ISO 2003 All rights reserved 7Swelling number 11/2to 9: number of the profile in Figure 4 that a swollen coke button most nearly matches Swelling number greater than 9: profile exceeds that for 9 Report the mean swelling number to the nearest 1/2un
49、it. NOTE It is acceptable to report 1/2 as 0,5, and profile greater than 9 as 9 or 9+. 9 Precision of the method 9.1 Repeatability The range of the results of either three or five tests, carried out in the same laboratory by the same operator using the same apparatus on the same analysis sample, shall not exceed the values in Table 1. 9.2 Reproducibility The means of the five results obtained in each of two different laboratories on representative portions taken from the same sample after the last s
