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3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22316-8 SANS 6098:2009Edition 2SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Stock remedies Stability of cattle tickicides in plunge-dipping tanks Publi
4、shed by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 102
5、8E, Pesticides Livestock remedies, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in July 2009. This document supersedes SABS SM 1098:1987 (first edition). SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 1 Contents Page Forewor
6、d 1 Scope 3 2 Normative references . 3 3 Test animals 3 4 Equipment and materials 3 5 Procedure 4 Bibliography. 8 SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 3 Stock remedies Stability of cattle tickicides in plunge-dipping tanks 1 Scope This standard sp
7、ecifies a method for testing the validity of the recommended replenishment rate, the continued efficacy of the active ingredient under commercial plunge-dipping conditions, as well as the continued stability of the active ingredient under various field conditions. 2 Normative references The followin
8、g referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Information on currently valid national and international sta
9、ndards can be obtained from the SABS Standards Division. SANS 6095, Stock remedies Efficacy of chemicals against adult ticks. SANS 6096, Stock remedies Efficacy confirmation of tickicides on cattle. SANS 6097, Stock remedies Stripping rate of cattle tickicides in spray races. 3 Test animals At least
10、 200 head of cattle at each dipping tank. 4 Equipment and materials NOTE Forms such as those shown in figure 1 and figure 2 should be used for recording data and results. 4.1 Plunge-dipping tank, that is functional, with an operating volume of 12 000 L to 15 000 L, and within an enzootic cattle tick
11、 area of South Africa. An adequate water supply shall be made available to allow regular replenishment of active ingredient during the course of the test. 4.2 Calibrated dipstick. 4.3 Dipwash sampler. 4.4 Glass sample bottles, suitably labelled and of suitable capacity. NOTE At least eight glass sam
12、ple bottles for each dipping at each dipping tank should be used. SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 4 4.5 Plastics (or, in the case of pyrethroids, metal) sample bottles, suitably labelled and of capacity 15 L. 4.6 Sling psychrometer (wet and dry bulb thermometer). 4.7 Hand tally counter. 4.8 Test compound c
13、oncentrate. 5 Procedure 5.1 Initial dipping 5.1.1 Using a container of known volume, fill the clean dipping tank with clean water and calibrate the dipstick. Take a 250 mL sample of the water from the tank for determination of hardness and pH value. Record the results. 5.1.2 Preparation and mixing o
14、f the dipwash shall be as follows: a) Mix the required amount of test compound concentrate (determined in accordance with SANS 6096) in a bucket with approximately 8 L of water from the dipping tank. Pour the prepared dipwash slowly over the entire surface of the water in the tank. b) Mix the dipwas
15、h with the water in the tank by sending 50 head of cattle through the dipping tank without allowing them to drain in the dripping pen or race, or mix the dipwash for at least 1 h by means of a power-driven stirrer or a pump. 5.1.3 Record the following information on a form such as that shown in figu
16、re 1: a) date of dipping; b) locality of dipping tank; c) breed of cattle; d) physical properties of the dipping tank, e.g. absence or presence of a roof and footbath and the size of the dripping pen or race; e) volume of dipwash in the tank; f) dipwash temperature; g) ambient temperature and humidi
17、ty; and h) cloud cover. 5.1.4 Using two glass sample bottles, take two samples, each of 250 mL, of the dipwash, from 300 mm below the surface at the centre of the tank, and before the rest of the cattle are dipped, and refrigerate or stabilize the samples. SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 5 5.1.5 Dip the ca
18、ttle, taking two 250 mL samples of dipwash (see 5.1.4) after 50, after 100, and then after all the cattle have been dipped (fouling sample). When taking samples, ensure that approximately 50 mL of air is left in the bottle to allow proper mixing at the time of assay. NOTE The cattle should be observ
19、ed for any signs of toxicity. 5.1.6 Record the number of dipped cattle and the volume and temperature of the dipwash left in the tank. Remove floating hair from the surface of the dipwash. 5.1.7 Analyse the dipwash samples for active ingredient content as soon as possible, refrigerating or stabilizi
20、ng the samples if the testing is not done immediately. Record the results. 5.2 Subsequent dipping 5.2.1 Re-dip the cattle at intervals determined in accordance with SANS 6096. 5.2.2 Add water to the dipping tank if the volume of water has fallen to the lowest safe dipping level, and add the correspo
21、nding amount of test compound concentrate (see 5.1.2(a) for replenishment determined in accordance with SANS 6097. 5.2.3 Mix the dipwash in the tank in accordance with 5.1.2(b) and record the relevant of the information required in terms of 5.1.3. NOTE If oil slicks or other signs indicating the fai
22、lure of the formulation occur, consult the formulation chemists. 5.2.4 After each dipping and using the dipstick, determine and record the volume of the dipwash in the dipping tank. 5.2.5 Take samples of the dipwash and dip the cattle by following the procedure given in 5.1.4 to 5.1.7 (inclusive). 5
23、.2.6 Run the test for at least one year, following the relevant procedure given in 5.2.1 to 5.2.5 (inclusive). 5.2.7 Take two 250 mL samples and two 15 L samples of dipwash three months after the start of the test and then every three months until the end of the test. 5.2.8 In the laboratory, determ
24、ine the biological efficacy of the two 250 mL samples against five tick species, in accordance with SANS 6095 and using a freshly prepared dilution of the test compound as the reference control. 5.2.9 Determine the efficacy of the two 15 L samples of the dipwash in accordance with SANS 6096, but omi
25、t test compound group B and group C and use only two head of cattle for each treatment group. Use a freshly prepared dilution of the test compound as the reference control. 5.2.10 Summarize the resultant data on a form such as that shown in figure 2. 5.2.11 Repeat the procedure described in 5.1 to 5
26、.2.10 (inclusive) at the other three dipping tanks. 6 Sponsor: Date dipped: Locality: Week No.: Cattle breed: Formulation: Sample code No. Active ingredient content of concentrate mL/L or g/L Dilution rate required mg/L Concentration L or g Water used L Hardness of water (CaCO3) mg/L pH value of wat
27、er Climatic conditions Ambient temperature C Ambient humidity % Cloud cover 0/8 8/8 Operation of plunge-dipping tank (with/without roof; with/without footbath) Temperature of dip C Volume of dip L Total volume of dip removed L Total number of animals dipped Average volume removed per animal L Size o
28、f dripping pen/race Operating volume L Mixing time of dip or no. of cattle Before After Before After Results No. of cattle dipped Number of calves per group (younger than six months) Dipping time min Analysis of active ingredient of dip V/V or M/V 0 50 100 Fouling sample (state number of cattle dipp
29、ed) SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 Figure 1 Form for recording data on plunge-dipping tanks and results of analysis SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 Job No.: Location: Sponsor: Operating volume (L): Fresh fill/ Replenishment Dipwash volume L Dipwash concentration mg/L Removed Date Week H2O L Dip L Ratio Before Af
30、ter Total Per animal No. of animals dipped Pre-replenish After 50 After dipping Biological efficacy Figure 2 Form for summarizing data on plunge-dipping tanks 7 SANS 6098:2009 Edition 2 8 Bibliography Holdsworth, P.A., et al. 2006. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.
31、A.A.V.P.) Guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of acaricides against ticks (Ixodidae) on ruminants. Veterinary Parasitology, 136:29-43. SABS SABS Standards Division The objective of the SABS Standards Division is to develop, promote and maintain South African National Standards. This objective is
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