1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 29.220.20; 29.280 ISBN 0-626-15216-X SANS 61044:2004 Edition 2 IEC TR 61044:2002 Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Opportunity charging of le
4、ad-acid traction batteries This national standard is the identical implementation of IEC TR 61044:2002 and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 791
5、1 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa 2004 SANS 61044:2004 Edition 2 IEC TR 61044:2002 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Covers the opportunity charging of lead-acid batteries, i.e. the use of free time during a working period
6、to top up the charge and thus extend the working day of a battery whilst avoiding excessive discharge. The standard gives basic rules and precautions for the use of opportunity-charging of lead-acid traction batteries of vented and valve-regulated types, when the battery manufacturer has not recomme
7、nded the required operating procedures. Keywords batteries, battery chargers, lead-acid batteries, traction batteries. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA TC 63, Batteries, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with
8、 annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS edition cancels and replaces the first SABS edition (SABS IEC 61044:1990). RAPPORT TECHNIQUE CEI IEC TECHNICAL REPORT TR 61044 Deuxime dition Second edition 2002-12 Charge opportune des batteries de traction au plomb Opportunity charging of lead-acid trac
9、tion batteries IEC 2002 Droits de reproduction rservs Copyright - all rights reserved Aucune partie de cette publication ne peut tre reproduite ni utilise sous quelque forme que ce soit et par aucun procd, lectronique ou mcanique, y compris la photocopie et les microfilms, sans laccord crit de ldite
10、ur. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher. International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varemb, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Swi
11、tzerland Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmailiec.ch Web: www.iec.ch L Commission Electrotechnique InternationaleInternational Electrotechnical Commission Pour prix, voir catalogue en vigueur For price, see current catalogue CODE PRIX PRICE CODE TR 61044 IEC:2002 3 CON
12、TENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.9 1 Scope and object11 2 Definitions 11 3 Planning.13 4 Operational procedures 13 Bibliography21 Figure 1 Schematic patterns of a 24 h (daily) duty battery duty 17 Figure 2 Schematic patterns of a 24 h (daily) duty of a valve-regulated battery19 TR 61044 IEC:2002 5 INTE
13、RNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ OPPORTUNITY-CHARGING OF LEAD-ACID TRACTION BATTERIES FOREWORD 1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of th
14、e IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Com
15、mittee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
16、in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation
17、from all interested National Committees. 3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the form of standards, technical specifications, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense. 4) In order to p
18、romote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC International Standards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly
19、 indicated in the latter. 5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards. 6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this technical report may be
20、the subject of patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected d
21、ata of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art”. IEC 61044, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and batteries. This second edition cancels and replaces the first editi
22、on, published in 1990. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 21/546/DTR 21/563/RVC Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publicat
23、ion has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. TR 61044 IEC:2002 7 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until 2008. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed; withdrawn; replaced by a revised edition, or amended. TR 61
24、044 IEC:2002 9 INTRODUCTION Lead-acid traction batteries find widespread application in heavy-duty work vehicles because of their particular combination of well-known characteristics of power supply and environmental protection. In such applications, both monitoring and power management by electroni
25、c means are progressing rapidly, not only on the discharge side of the energy balance but in recharging as well. This permits the “refuelling” of a battery in a well-controlled manner during the idle periods in the course of a working schedule, thus substantially increasing the total capacity output
26、 (ampere-hour) of the battery beyond the maximum percentage of the nominal recommended discharge capacity per working day. However, such a procedure will provide improved capital efficiency only if adequate precautions are taken to prevent early deterioration of the state of a battery due to that pr
27、actice. This Technical Report is intended to present a few basic rules, derived from the field experience of battery manufacturers in general and from “opportunity-charging” of traction batteries in particular, with the aim of preventing detrimental effects on valuable equipment. TR 61044 IEC:2002 1
28、1 OPPORTUNITY-CHARGING OF LEAD-ACID TRACTION BATTERIES 1 Scope and object This Technical Report covers the opportunity charging of lead-acid traction batteries, i.e. the use of free time during a working period to top up the charge and thus extend the working day of a battery whilst avoiding excessi
29、ve discharge. The object of this report is to lay down rules or recommendations for the use of opportunity- charging of lead-acid traction batteries of vented and valve-regulated types, when the battery manufacturer has not recommended the required operating procedures. When the battery manufacturer
30、s recommendations are available, they take precedence over these rules and guidelines. 2 Definitions For the purpose of this report the following definitions apply. 2.1 opportunity charging use of periods of inactivity of a partially discharged battery (i.e. state of charge lower than 80 % of the no
31、minal capacity) to increase its state of charge 2.2 regular charge charge of a battery necessary to attain the state of maximum storage of electric energy see 3.3 of IEC 60254-1 2.3 self-compensating charger charger which continuously monitors the state of charge of the battery and terminates the ch
32、arge when the correct amount of electric energy has been supplied, and which will provide only minimal overcharging if a fully charged battery is connected to the charger 2.4 vented (secondary) cell secondary cell having a cover provided with an opening through which gaseous products may escape. IEV
33、 486-01-18, modified 2.5 valve-regulated (secondary) cell secondary cell which is closed under normal conditions but has an arrangement which allows the escape of gas if the internal pressure exceeds a predetermined value. The cell cannot normally receive addition to the electrolyte. see IEV 486-01-
34、20 2.6 excessive discharge vented battery: discharge 80 % of the nominal capacity valve-regulated battery: discharge 60 % of the nominal capacity or other limit indicated by the manufacturer. NOTE Definitions 3.1 and 3.6 are illustrated graphically in Figures 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b. TR 61044 IEC:2002 13
35、3 Planning The following points should be considered when planning to introduce opportunity-charging: Indications that opportunity-charging may be beneficial a) When the maximum permissible size of the battery for the vehicle does not have enough capacity to do the work required. b) When the operati
36、onal requirements of the vehicle are such that it is impossible to predict when it will be next released for a complete recharge (for example, places such as airports where 24 h working is a rule). c) When a battery is close to the end of its life and the use of opportunity charging can be shown to
37、be maintaining its work period. NOTE 1 If the periods available for charging are of short duration and infrequent, then opportunity-charging will be of little benefit. NOTE 2 When opportunity-charging enables the user to discharge substantially more than the recommended percentage of the nominal cap
38、acity each day, battery-life measured in terms of cumulative ampere-hours should remain about the same. In consequence, the battery-life measured in years can be reduced. Opportunity-charging may result in higher working temperatures; this may further reduce battery life. It is essential, therefore,
39、 to discuss the proposed operation with the battery manufacturer as modification of his normal guarantee may be necessary. 4 Operational procedures The following points should be considered when operational procedures are being generated. 4.1 Self-compensating chargers shall be preferred for use wit
40、h opportunity-charging. A correctly sized battery/charger combination is essential for all batteries. For opportunity-charging of valve-regulated batteries it is of utmost importance that only chargers with a characteristic in accordance with the battery manufacturers recommendation are used. In ord
41、er to maximize the efficiency of opportunity-charging, it should preferably be applied only if the battery has been discharged by at least 30 % of its nominal capacity (vented type) or 20 % of its nominal capacity (valve-regulated type). Should a non-self-compensating charger be used for opportunity
42、-charging, which would be permissible with vented batteries only, the 30 % pre-discharge limit is of great importance. NOTE Where a known duty cycle exists, a calculation of the energy or ampere-hour balance is recommended. It should be established that adequate charging periods are available for op
43、portunity-charging. 4.2 The frequency of regular charge, whereby the battery is allowed to complete its charging cycle to prevent deterioration of the battery, should be for standard vented batteries, 1 period of regular charge in every working day; for vented batteries with acid agitation system, a
44、 longer interval between complete recharges may be allowed; for valve-regulated traction batteries, a complete recharge at least every 3 working days. TR 61044 IEC:2002 15 4.3 During opportunity-charging, adequate battery ventilation consistent with local safety codes and relevant standards shall be
45、 provided. If, during any charging period, the battery temperature exceeds the manufacturers recom-mendation, then charging shall be stopped until the battery has cooled down (with or without forced air ventilation). This implies that means for measuring the temperature of a battery shall be availab
46、le to the operating personnel, as well as information on the upper temperature limit set by the manufacturer. If no other recommendation is available, a maximum tem-perature of 50 C should be applied. TR 61044 IEC:2002 17 030801000 8 12 24020100Recharge RechargeState ofchargeDepth ofdischarge %Parti
47、aldischargeMax. discharge80 % of C5Excessive discharge 80 % of C5Time hIEC 2723/02Figure 1a Discharges/Recharges and partial discharges/partial recharges 030801003050801000 8 12 24Time h Partial (boost) charges3 h additional discharge time = 37,5 % additional discharge capacity Partial dischargesAdd
48、itional dischargecapacity %020100Partial dischargesRechargeDepth ofdischarge %State ofcharge11IEC 2724/02Figure 1b Partial discharges/partial recharges final recharge Figure 1 Schematic patterns of a 24 h (daily) duty battery duty TR 61044 IEC:2002 19 RechargeRecharge020601000 8 12 24040100State ofc
49、hargeDepth ofdischarge %PartialdischargeMax. discharge60 % of C5Excessive discharge 60 % of C5Time hIEC 2725/02Figure 2a Discharges/Recharges and partial discharges/partial recharges 0206010020400 8 12 24Time h040100RechargeAdditional dischargecapacity %L Partial (boost) chargesAdditional discharge time Partial dischargesState ofchargeDepth ofdischarge %Partial dischargesIEC 2726/02Figure 2b Partial discharge
