1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ICS 29.080.10 ISBN 0-626-16814-7 SANS 61211:2005Edition 2IEC 61211:2004Edition 2 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Insulators of ceramic material or glass
4、for overhead lines with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V Impulse puncture testing in air This national standard is the identical implementation of IEC 61211:2004 and is adopted with the permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr latega
5、n road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 61211:2005 Edition 2 IEC 61211:2004 Edition 2 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Abstract Covers impulse puncture testing in air of ceramic
6、 and glass insulator units of class B cap and pin, pin type (including pin-past type) and class B long rod insulators. Keywords ceramics, electrical insulation, electric power transmission lines, glass, insulators, overhead power lines, puncture tests. National foreword This South African standard w
7、as approved by National Committee StanSA SC 67D, Electricity distribution systems and components Insulators, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS edition cancels and replaces the first SABS edition (SABS IEC 61211:199
8、4). NORME INTERNATIONALECEIIECINTERNATIONAL STANDARD 61211Deuxime ditionSecond edition2004-11Isolateurs en matire cramique ou en verre destins aux lignes ariennes de tension nominale suprieure 1 000 V Essais de perforation par chocs dans lair Insulators of ceramic material or glass for overhead line
9、s with a nominal voltage greater than 1 000 V Impulse puncture testing in air Numro de rfrence Reference number CEI/IEC 61211:2004 61211 IEC:2004 3 CONTENTS FOREWORD.5 INTRODUCTION.9 1 Scope and object13 2 Normative references13 3 Terms and definitions .13 4 Abbreviations15 5 Impulse voltage punctur
10、e test on insulators in air 15 5.1 General requirements for the test.15 5.2 Mounting arrangements .15 5.3 Number of insulators to be tested 21 5.4 Measurement of the test voltage 21 5.5 Test voltage.21 5.6 Test procedure 23 5.7 Puncture determination23 5.8 Acceptance criteria 25 5.9 Re-test procedur
11、e25 Annex A (normative) Method for determining U50of the insulator for the basis of per unit (p.u.) values .27 Annex B (informative) Information on measuring short front high voltage impulses29 Bibliography33 Figure 1 Mounting arrangements of cap and pin and long rod insulators17 Figure 2 Mounting a
12、rrangements of different pin insulators .19 Figure 3 Example of the applied impulse chopped at the test voltage by flashover of the insulator23 Figure A.1 Example for the per unit values .27 Figure B.1 Example of a recommendable configuration of a small size voltage divider.29 61211 IEC:2004 5 INTER
13、NATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ INSULATORS OF CERAMIC MATERIAL OR GLASS FOR OVERHEAD LINES WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1 000 V IMPULSE PUNCTURE TESTING IN AIR FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all
14、 national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Tec
15、hnical Specifications, Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory wo
16、rk. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations. 2
17、) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested IEC National Committees. 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommen
18、dations for international use and are accepted by IEC National Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any e
19、nd user. 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional public
20、ation shall be clearly indicated in the latter. 5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication. 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication. 7
21、) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for co
22、sts (including legal fees) and expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications. 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct appli
23、cation of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 61211 has been prepared by subcommit
24、tee 36B: Insulators for overhead lines, of IEC technical committee 36: Insulators. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition which was issued as a technical report in 1994. It constitutes a technical revision and now has the status of an International Standard. The main changes from
25、 the previous edition are related to using per unit values in the specification of test voltage, defining measurement uncertainty and improvements in the test procedure. In addition, minor clarifying changes have been made in the test assembly and in requirements for test voltage measuring systems.
26、Unnecessary annexes have been deleted and replaced by a bibliography. 61211 IEC:2004 7 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 36B/239/FDIS 36B/242/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting i
27、ndicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the
28、 data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. 61211 IEC:2004 9 INTRODUCTION The text of this International Standard is based on the work of Maintenance Team 13 of IEC SC 36B and CIGRE Task Force 33.
29、07.01 and on two ELECTRA reports. Reference is made to these two reports in the text by 1 and 21. A power frequency puncture test on insulators in oil is specified in IEC 60383-1(1993) as a sample test. An impulse voltage puncture test on insulators in air is required and applied in more and more co
30、untries and by a growing number of utilities. The applied test procedures differed from each other considerably. The first edition of IEC 61211(1994) gave a common specification for an impulse over-voltage test as an alternative. That edition specified the test method and acceptance criteria, and al
31、so gave guidance for performing the test and for measuring the test voltage. CIGRE WG 33.03 has followed up the edition 1 since its publication in 1994. Information has been gathered on the usage of the technical report and on the development of test and measurement techniques for impulse voltage pu
32、ncture withstand tests on insulators in air. In time, interest in this impulse puncture test on insulators in air has considerably increased. Based on follow-up by CIGRE WG 33.03, IEC subcommittee 36B (Insulators for overhead lines) decided to revise IEC 61211 with the aim to convert it into a stand
33、ard. In this standard, the changes vis-vis the technical report are not dramatic. The main changes are related to using per unit values in the specification of test voltage, defining measurement uncertainty and improvements in the test procedure. In addition, minor clarifying changes have been made
34、in the test assembly and in requirements for test voltage measuring systems. Unnecessary annexes have been deleted and replaced by a bibliography. In reference to the original motivation for the technical report and to gathered experience, the importance of the peak voltage criterion in specifying t
35、he test voltage magnitude is stressed for achieving reproducibility of the test. The steepness criterion cannot be adopted, because with this the test voltage strongly depends on source impedance of the test circuit and on impulse front linearity. Further to peak value, the test procedure has to be
36、specified in detail for reproducibility of the test. Polarity of the impulse related to the pin, starting polarity, possible polarity reversals and time interval between consecutive impulses may affect the severity of the test, and hence have to be specified. It is clear that measurement of these sh
37、ort impulse voltages needs special attention to achieve an acceptable accuracy. IEC 60060 does not fully cover this topic. Consequently, special requirements and guidance for measurements are given in Annex B. This international standard assumes that the manufacturer specifies the impulse puncture w
38、ithstand voltage as a characteristic of the insulator unit. This voltage is defined as peak value of the measured voltage across the insulator in the actual test. Until such time as the relevant product standards give specified values for the impulse puncture withstand voltage, this standard gives r
39、ecommended test voltage values for different types of insulator units on the basis of per unit (p.u.) values. _ 1References in square brackets refer to the bibliography. 61211 IEC:2004 11 The puncture strength of insulators depends on both design and quality of manufacturing. Therefore both a type t
40、est and a sample test procedure are given. 61211 IEC:2004 13 INSULATORS OF CERAMIC MATERIAL OR GLASS FOR OVERHEAD LINES WITH A NOMINAL VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1 000 V IMPULSE PUNCTURE TESTING IN AIR 1 Scope and object This International Standard deals with impulse puncture testing in air of ceramic and
41、 glass insulator units of class B (see IEC 60383-1): cap and pin, pin type (including pin-post type) and class B long rod insulators. This standard may be applied also in tests on Class B insulators of other materials (e.g. polymers and composites). However, it may be useful to consider the possible
42、 need to adjust the test procedure accordingly. This standard is published with the object of specifying a standard procedure for impulse voltage puncture tests on insulators in air. Both type and sample test procedures are given. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispe
43、nsable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC 60050-471, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary Chapter 471: Insulators IEC 60060-1, H
44、igh voltage test techniques Part 1: General definitions and test requirements IEC 60060-2, High voltage test techniques Part 2: Measuring systems IEC 60305, Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1 000 V Ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems Characteristics of insulat
45、or units of the cap and pin type IEC 60383-1, Insulators for overhead lines with a nominal voltage above 1 000 V Ceramic or glass insulator units for a.c. systems Definitions, test methods and acceptance criteria IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage impulse test
46、s Part 1: Requirements for instruments 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the definitions of IEC 60383-1 or IEC 60050(471) shall apply unless otherwise specified, as well as the following definitions. 61211 IEC:2004 15 3.1 impulse puncture withstand voltage specified peak vol
47、tage that the insulator withstands when applied according to this standard 3.2 test voltage actual peak voltage value determined by flashover of the applied impulse voltage 4 Abbreviations D divider G generator k coverage factor (according to IEC 60060-2) U5050 % flashover voltage at standard lightn
48、ing impulse p.u. per unit relation of the test voltage and U50. 5 Impulse voltage puncture test on insulators in air 5.1 General requirements for the test Unless otherwise specified, IEC 60060-1, IEC 60060-2 and 60383-1 are applicable. The test specimen shall be clean and dry, and in thermal equilib
49、rium with the surrounding environment before starting the test. 5.2 Mounting arrangements 5.2.1 General The mounting arrangement depends on the type of the insulator unit and on its possible integral metallic parts. The ground return conductor between the insulator and the divider shall be a plate. It is advisable to use a plate also in other parts of the ground return circuit. The test voltage shall be applied between the generator connector and ground return. 5
