1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 0-626-17999-8 SANS 8528-9:2006Edition 1ISO 8528-9:1995Edition 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alter
4、nating current generating sets Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 8528-9:1995 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr late
5、gan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa SANS 8528-9:2006 Edition 1 ISO 8528-9:1995 Edition 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scope National foreword This South African standard was appr
6、oved by National Committee StanSA TC 61, Rotating machinery, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 8528-9 First edition 1995-12-15 Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current ge
7、nerating sets - Part 9: Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations Groupes klectrogknes 2 courant alternatif entrahher authority, e.g. inspecting and/or legislative authorities, have to be met, the authority shall be stated by the customer Prior to placing the Order. a Peak value of acceler
8、ation f Frequency Any further additional requirements shall be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and cus- tomer. S Displacement s Peak value of displacement t Time 6 Measured values Velocity Acceleration, velocity and displacement are measured variables for the vibrations (see clause 10)
9、. Peak value of velocity x Axial Co-Ordinate In the general case of any Vibration over time interval t, to t2, the rms velocity is given by Y Transverse Co-Ordinate I t2 2 v dt 4 V rms = J t2 - 4 . . . z Vertical Co-Ordinate (1) Angular velocity In the particular case of sinusoidal Vibration the rms
10、 velocity is given by The following subscripts are used the Vibration quantities V, s and a. in conjunction with rms Value of Vibration quantity (2) x Measured value of Vibration quantity in the axial direction If the Vibration characteristics are analysed and if for angular frequencies ol, w2, . .
11、. . o, the Vibration vel- ocities G, G2, . . . . . c, are available, then the following relationships tan be used to determine the rms vel- ocity: Y Measured value of Vibration quantity in the transverse direction z Measured value of Vibration quantity in the vertical direction J A2 A2 A2 VI + v2 +
12、. . . + vn vrms = Ir . . . (3) 2 1, 2 . . . n Progressive values The following abbreviation is used. / V rms = d v&sj + v12,s2 + *- + VFmsn . . . (4) IMB Type or construction and mounting ar- rangement of generators according to IEC 34-7 NOTE 3 For acceleration and displacement rms values are calcul
13、ated in the same manner. 7 Measuring devices 5 Regulations and additional requirements The measuring System shall provide the rms values of displacement, velocity and acceleration with an ac- curacy of + 10 % over the range 10 Hz to 1 000 Hz - and an accuracy of TiE % over the range 2 Hz to 10 Hz. T
14、hese values may be obtained from a Single Sensor whose Signal is either integrated or differen- tiated, depending on the outcome of the measuring device, to derive the quantities not directly measured, provided the accuracy of the measuring System is not adversely affected. 5.1 For a.c. generating s
15、ets used on board ships and offshore installations which have to comply with rules of a classification Society, the additional require- ments of the classification Society shall be observed. The classification Society shall be stated by the cus- tomer Prior to placing the Order. For a.c. generating
16、sets in unclassed equipment, such additional requirements are in each case subject to agreement between the manufacturer and customer. NOTE 4 The accuracy of measurement is also affected by the method of connection between the transducer and 2 63 ISO ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) the Object being measured. Bo
17、th the frequency response and the measured Vibration are affected by the method of attaching the transducer. lt is especially important to main- tain good attachment between the transducer and the Point on the generating set being measured when Vibration levels are high. Refer to ISO 5348 for guidan
18、ce on the mounting of ac- celerometers. 8 Location of measuring Points and direction of measurements Figure 1 Shows the recommended Points of Vibration measurement in generating Sets. The specifications apply as appropriate for other types of design. If possible, measurements shall be taken at these
19、 Points in the three main directions, defined by X, y and 2. Figure 1 Shows the approximate positions of the measuring Points which have to be located on the solid engine block and on solid areas of the generator frame in Order to avoid measuring local structural vi- brations. If experience with sim
20、ilar generating sets has shown at which Points the maximum Vibration severity is to be expected, not all the Points given in figure 1 need necessarily be measured. 6 8 / a) Generating set driven by a vertical in-line engine with flange housing coupled generator with integral bearings. b) Generating
21、set driven by a vertical in-line engine and a generator with pedestal bearings 1, 2 Front end top edge and back end top edge 3, 4 Front and rear end of engine base 5, 6 Generator main bearing housing 7, 8 Generator base NOTE - The vertical in-line engine shown is given as an example only. Measuring
22、Points 1 to 4 are applicable as appropriate for other types of engine, e.g. V-engines, horizontal engines. Figure 1 - Arrangement of measuring Points ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) Q ISO 9 Operating conditions during measurement The measurements shall be taken with the generating set at its operating temperatu
23、re and rated frequency, at both zero power and rated power. If the rated power of the generating set is not attainable, it should be tested at the maximum power that tan be at- tained. 10 Evaluation of results The main excitation frequencies of the RIC engine it- self are found in the range 2 Hz to
24、300 Hz. However, when considering the Overall generating set structure and components, a range of 2 Hz to 1 000 Hz is re- quired to evaluate the Vibration. Additional testing may be necessary to ensure that no local structural resonances contribute to the measurement result. Assessment of the potent
25、ial effects of Vibration are made by reference to table C.l which gives rms val- ues of Vibration displacement, velocity and acceler- ation. These values tan be used as guidelines for evaluating the measured Vibration levels. Experience has shown that with a Standard design of generating set structu
26、re and components, darnage would not be expected if Vibration levels remain be- low value 1. If the Vibration levels fall between values 1 and 2, as- sessment of the generating set structure and com- ponents may be required along with an agreement between the generating set manufacturer and the comp
27、onent supplier in Order to ensure reliable oper- ation. In some cases Vibration levels tan be above value 2 but only if individual special designs of generating set structure and components are applied. In all cases the generating set manufacturer remains responsible for the compatibility with each
28、other of the generating set components (see ISO 8528-5:1993, 15.10). 11 Test report The indicated measurement results shall include the main data of the generating set and the measuring equipment used. These data are to be recorded using annex D. Annex A (informative) ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) Typical gen
29、erating set configurations There are a number of possibilities for the assembly of a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a generator. Figures A.1 to A.6 show examples of typical configurations. I I I I I I I I Id - I v I _- - -_ I m I IJ Figure A.l - Engine and generator rigidly mounted I I
30、 I I I I I I 1, T m -_- _-_ L Figure A.2 - Engine resiliently mounted, generator rigidly mounted, flexible coupling r I I I I I I I I 1, m I - -_- -_ _ - I w 1 Figure A.3 - Engine and generator rigidly mounted on resiliently mounted base frame ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) Figure A.4 - Engine resiliently moun
31、ted, generator rigidly mounted on resiliently mounted base frame, flexible coupling Figure A.5 - Assembly with flange housing and resilient mounting on the engine and generator Figure A.6 - Assembly with flange housing and resilient mounting of the engine ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) Annex B (informative) Re
32、marks on the assessment of vibrations of the generating set It has been found that generators operating in gener- ating sets suffer higher values of Vibration severity compared with those running independently. Typical features of RIC engines are the oscillating masses, torque fluctuation and pulsat
33、ing forces in the associated Pipe-work. All these features exert con- siderable alternating forces on the main supports and give rise to high Vibration amplitudes on the main frame. The Vibration amplitudes are generally higher than those for rotating machinery, but since they are largely influenced
34、 by the design features of the gen- erating Sets, they tend to remain more constant over the life of the RIC engine than they do for rotating machinery. The Vibration values determined by using this part of ISO 8528 allow us to make a general Statement on the vibrational behaviour of the generating
35、set and a general assessment of the running behaviour and the Vibration interactions of the total set. However, the determined Vibration values do not allow us to make a Statement on the mechanical Stresses of fixed or moving Parts of the generating Sets. Neither do the determined values of Vibratio
36、n severity allow us to make a Statement of the torsional and linear vibrational behaviour of the shaft System. Even if accurate assessment of mechanical Stresses in the generating set by using Vibration measurement is not possible, experience has shown that the vi- bration level above which importan
37、t Parts of the gen- erating set are mechanically damaged by undue Vibration stress is usually significantly higher than the level which is accepted as “usual” from experience with similar generating Sets. However, if the above “usual” ranges are exceeded, darnage to additional attachments and connec
38、ting Parts of the generating set, as well as to governing and monitoring devices, etc., may occur. The sensitivity of these components depends on their design and how they are mounted. Thus, in some in- dividual cases, it may be difficult to avoid Problems even when the assessment value lies in the
39、“usual” range. Such Problems have to be rectified by specific “local measures” on the generating set (e.g. by elim- ination of mounted component resonances). ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) (Blank Page) Annex C (informative) Vibration values ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) 0 Declared engine Rated power output of the genera
40、ting set Vibration displacementl), s, Vibration velocity, v, Vibration accelerationl), arms Speed (cos cp = 0,8) RIC Generator 2) RIC RIC engine *) 3, engine 2)s) Generator 2) engine *)3) Generator 2) value 1 value 2 value 1 value 2 value 1 value 2 min-l kVA kW mm mm mm mm/s mm/s mm/s m/s* m/s* m/s*
41、 GI5 GI2 (1 -cylinder (1 -cylinder 1,ll 1,27 70 80 44 50 2 000 but engine) engine) 50 40 0,64 4) 0,8 4 40 4) 50 4) 25 4) 31 4) 10 but 8 but 1 300 but 50 but 40 but 125 but 100 but 250 200 0,72 0,32 0,45 45 20 28 28 13 18 250 but 200 but 720 but 1 250 1 000 0,29 0,35 18 22 11 14 13 1250 1 000 0,72 0,
42、24 0,32 15 20 92 (0,16) 5 (0,24) 5 45 (IO) 5) (15) 5) 28 65) 5 (9,5) 5 NOTE - The relationship between Vibration velocity and Vibration frequency is shown in figure Cl. 1) The values of s, and arms are determined from the following equations by using the values given in the table for v,. S rms = 0,0
43、159 x vrms a rms = 0,628 x v,ms 2) In the case of flange housing coupled generating sets the values measured at Point 5 see figure 1 a) shall meet the values for generators. 3) The stated values for RIC engines are applicable for engines with power Outputs of more than 100 kW. For smaller engines wi
44、th power Outputs below 100 kW, no typical values exist. 4) These values are subject to agreement between the manufacturer and customer. 5) The values given in parentheses are applied to generators mounted on solid concrete foundations. In these cases the axial measurement for Points 7 and 8 in figur
45、e 1 a) and b) shall be 50 % of the values given in parentheses. m 0 v, 0 ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) t 500 400 Vi 300 c z (1 t 0 .- + 100 d k .- 80 60 50 40 30 / /IO a 8 6 5 / b 4 3 2 8 6) A 9 t$ b CP 9 b* 00 P 800 0 -7 9. $2 Vibration frequency, min- - 3 4 5 6 7 10 20 30 40 60 80 100 90 300 Vibration frequ
46、ency, Hz - Examples for limiting curves for sinusoidal vibrations Curve a: Example RIC engine (see table C.l), v, = 45 mm/s Curve b: Example generatot- (see table C.l), v, = 20 mm/s Figure C.l - Relationship between Vibration velocity and Vibration frequency 11 ISO 8528-9: 1995(E) Annex D (informati
47、ve) Measuring report D.1 General data Company responsible for the measurement: Customer/User: Report No.: Place of measurement: Date: Operator: Data of the RIC engine and generator to be measured Manufacturer Type Manufacturing No. Declared or rated power Declared or rated Speed Declared or rated fr
48、equency Construction design Number of Operating System Coupling arrangement RIC engine . . . . . . kW . . . . . . min- Cl In-line engine Cl V-engine Cylinders: . . . . . . Bearings: . . . . . . 0 Two-stroke 7 Synchronous 0 Four-stroke 0 Asynchronous 0 Flexible plate coupling I Direct coupling EI Ela
49、stic coupling Generator . . . . . . kV.A cos cp = . . . . . . min- Hz 0 IMB 20 1) 0 IMB 520 0 IMB 16 0 Others: . . . . . . c IMB3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1) Abbreviation for type of construction and mounting of generators according to IEC 34-7, code 1. 1 D.2 Data of configuration Foundation drawing No . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Company responsi ble: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
