1、SSPC Guide 17January 1, 2004SSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsGuide No. 17Guide to Developing a Corporate Safety Programfor Industrial Painting and Coating Contractors1WHY A SAFETY PROGRAM?Federal and State Safety Regulations have greatlyreduced the incidence of accidents and injuries over th
2、e lastthirty years. Public Law 91-596, 91st Congress, S.2193,dated December 29, 1970 created the Occupational Safetyand Health Administration (OSHA). At that time OSHAmade it the duty of each industrial employer to furnish toeach of his employees a place of employment which is freefrom recognized ha
3、zards that are causing or are likely tocause death or serious physical harm. (This has becomeknown as the OSHA General Duty Clause). In addition, theOSHA Construction Standard, Section1926.20 requires allemployers in the construction industry to avail themselvesof safety training and programs to pro
4、tect workers.Statistics as of July 2001 show that privately employedworkers are 60% less likely to die and 40% less likely to gethurt on the job than in 1971 when OSHA came into exist-ence. Although there has been much progress in reducingthe number of deaths and accidents, a total of 5,915 fatalwor
5、k injuries were recorded in 2000. From 1998 to 1999there were 31,616 workers compensation claims in themanufacturing sector and 13,015 in the construction sectorof industry, while construction employs only about 8-12% ofU.S. workers.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE2. DEFINITIONS3. JUSTIFICATION FOR A SAFET
6、Y PROGRAM4. CORE ELEMENTS OF A COMPANY SAFETY PRO-GRAM5. MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEE PAR-TICIPATION6. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION7. HAZARD PREVENTION AND CONTROL8. INFORMATION AND TRAINING9. EVALUATION OF PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS10. DOCUMENTS COMPRISING A SAFETY PROGRAM11. SAFETY RESOURCES12. APPENDIC
7、ESA. Example Figures1. Program Statement and Signature Page2. Safety Policy and Rules3. Safety Goals4. Safety Responsibilities5. Schedule of Training and ActivitiesB. Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs)C. Forms OSHA 300, 300 A and 301D. 1926 Designations for Applicable 1910 Standards1. SCOPEThis guide
8、has been developed to provide guidance indeveloping a company safety program for contractors whoapply industrial coatings. Contractors seeking to be certifiedin accordance with the requirements of SSPC QualificationProcedures (e.g. No.1, No. 2, and No. 3) must present writtenverification that their
9、company has a safety program in effectand that program rules are constantly monitored and en-forced. This guide identifies the core elements and require-ments for developing a company safety program that incor-porates good safety practice as well as regulatory require-ments, and complies with the re
10、quirements for SSPC certi-fication as well as meeting the current OSHA guidelines fora company safety program.Although it is intended for this guide to be a comprehen-sive document, some facility owners, such as the U.S ArmyCorps of Engineers, the U.S. Military, and the NuclearRegulatory Commission,
11、 may require companies working intheir facilities to include additional program elements. Also,regulations on a federal, state and local level are constantlychanging and program elements must be periodically re-viewed and supplemented or modified to ensure compli-ance.SSPC Guide 17January 1, 200422.
12、 DEFINITIONSCompetent Person: As defined in OSHA 29 CFR1926.32 the Competent Person is capable of identifyingexisting and predictable hazards in the surroundings orworking conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, ordangerous to employees, and who have authorization totake prompt corrective measur
13、es to eliminate them. Numer-ous other OSHA Standards include a similar definition ofCompetent Person but additional requirements are includedto address the specific hazard.Control: Reduce or eliminate worker exposure to haz-ards in the workplace in accordance with OSHA standards.General methods of c
14、ontrol include elimination, substitu-tion, engineering, work practice, personal protective equip-ment, and training.Contract Employer: A contract employer performswork for a host employer at the host employers work place.A contract employer does not include an employer whoprovides incidental service
15、s that do not influence the workplace safety program, whose employees are only inciden-tally exposed to hazards at the host employers workplace.Employee: As defined in this guide, all persons whoare considered employees under the Occupational Safetyand Health Act, including temporary, seasonal, and
16、leasedemployees.Employer: All persons who are considered employersunder the OSH Act.Exposure (exposed): means that an employee in thecourse of employment is reasonably likely to be subjected toa hazard.General Duty Clause: the General Duty Clause of theOSH Act of 1970 Section 5(a)(1).Each employer(1
17、.0) Shall furnish employment and a place of employ-ment free from recognized hazards that are caus-ing or are likely to cause death or serious physi-cal harm to his employees;(2.0) Shall comply with occupational safety and healthstandards promulgated under this Act.(3.0) Each employee shall comply w
18、ith occupationalsafety and health standards and all rules, regula-tions, and orders issued pursuant to this Act thatare applicable to his own actions and conduct.Host Employer: An employer who controls conditionsat a multi-employer work site.Program: Procedures, methods, processes, and prac-tices th
19、at are part of the management system at the work-place.Severity: The likelihood of employee exposure, theseriousness of harm associated with the exposure, and thenumber of exposed employees.Train: To teach so as to make fit, qualified, or proficient.3. JUSTIFICATION FOR A SAFETY PROGRAMAccidents and
20、 injuries create an unnecessary expenseand loss of profit for United States corporations and work-ers. For every dollar spent on the direct cost of a workersinjury or illness an employer will spend a greater amount forindirect and hidden costs.The loss of one workday by an accident or illness costst
21、he employer:1. One days productivity by the injured worker.2. The cost of all or part of the employees wagesduring the absence.3. Time lost by others; managers, fellow workers, andclerical staff attending to the accident victim andcompleting forms and reports.4. The time lost due to the interruption
22、 caused by theaccident5. Reduced morale and efficiency among coworkers6. The time required to hire and retrain a replacementwhile the injured employee is absent.7. The cost and time to make repairs to materials andequipment.8. Increased workers compensation insurance rates.An effective safety progra
23、m reduces the number ofaccidents, which in turn lowers insurance rates and workercompensation costs. Lower accident rates result in moreprofit for the company along with an added benefit ofincreased productivity because employees are safer andhealthier. OSHA regulations require employers conductingc
24、ertain activities, such as working in confined spaces, tohave a program segment that specifically addresses thehazard and additional training requirements. In addition toeconomic losses caused by accidents is the pain and suffer-ing injured workers and their families experience. A corner-stone for a
25、n effective program should be the belief that everyworker deserves a workplace free from recognized hazards.4. CORE ELEMENTS OF A COMPANY SAFETYPROGRAMOSHA makes it the basic obligation of each employer toestablish a safety and health program to manage workplacesafety (by achieving compliance with O
26、SHA standards) toreduce injuries, illnesses and fatalities. An acceptable safetyprogram must have the following core elements: Management leadership and employee participation Hazard identification and assessment Information and training Evaluation of program effectiveness (enforcement)SSPC Guide 17
27、January 1, 200435. MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP ANDEMPLOYEE PARTICIPATIONCommitmentOwners and top management should make a sincerecommitment to the program and provide the financial andmanagement resources to support and foster the programfor it to be effective. There must be a signed written policystateme
28、nt by the companys top executive officer or man-ager stating the companys commitment to safety and asafety program. Failure to make a sincere commitment onlyadds to wasted company resources. An example of such astatement is: “Our company is committed to provide facili-ties, equipment and management
29、to assure a safe workingenvironment for employees and to achieve the lowest pos-sible personal and financial loss due to accidents andinjuries.” Every employee in the company must know andunderstand the companys safety goal and commitment.This includes the disciplinary policy and action for notfollo
30、wing the companys safety program.Organization and ReportsA management organizational structure must be pro-vided to insure the program functions effectively. At leastone manager, supervisor, or employee should be assignedthe job of receiving and responding to reports about work-place safety and heal
31、th concerns. Reporting proceduresmust be established which document all job related fatali-ties, injuries, illnesses and near misses so that hazards canbe clearly identified. An employer must keep and maintainvarious safety records. Medical records on all employeesmust be kept for the period of empl
32、oyment plus thirty years(OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1020). Employee training must bedocumented to verify compliance with OSHA requirements.Numerous training requirements specify a time period forretraining. Accident reports are required to justify and pro-cess workers compensation claims. Accident and inciden
33、treports are also used to investigate the cause and to effectprevention measures. Appropriate ways to control the haz-ard must be devised and a prompt response composed thatincludes a recommendation for how to deal with the hazard.The following checklist may be useful for keeping records.Are all occ
34、upational injuries and illnesses, exceptfor minor injuries requiring only first aid, beingrecorded as required in the OSHA 300 log?Are employee medical records and records of ex-posure to hazardous substances up-to-date withcurrent OSHA requirements? Have the required OSHA training records beenkept
35、current and are they easily accessible forreview?Have arrangements been made to maintain recordsfor the term of employment plus 30 years?Are inspection tags, operating permits and otherrecords up-to-date for such items as firefightingequipment, elevators, air pressure tanks, etc.?Examples of the for
36、ms used to track the above informationare included in Appendix A.AuthorityManagers, supervisors and employees must be pro-vided with the authority and resources to carry out theirsafety and health responsibilities. Company managementmust promptly oversee the correction of unsafe conditionsand/or act
37、ivities. Equipment that cannot be operated safelymust be repaired to ensure safe operation, or replaced.Although disciplinary action may be required when employ-ees do not follow safety rules and policies, an employershould encourage employees to report accidents and “near-misses” and to make recomm
38、endations to improve work-place health and safety concerns.Equipment, Facilities and Competent and ResponsiblePersonnelThe company must maintain facilities that ensure a safework environment and provide equipment that can be safelyoperated. Personal protective equipment (PPE) must beprovided to work
39、ers when engineering controls do not elimi-nate a hazard. The use of PPE should be considered afterall other means of reducing the employees exposure to ahazard is implemented. The company must provide forcompetent persons who inspect equipment, audit employeeactivities, train employees, and who act
40、 with the authority tostop and correct unsafe activities. Some industrial paintingoperations that require competent persons under existingOSHA standards applicable to construction include:29 CFR 1910.146 Permit Required Confined Spaces20 CFR 1910.66 Powered platforms for buildingmaintenance1910.66 A
41、pp. C, Powered Platforms, Man lifts,and Vehicle-Mounted Work Platforms,Personal Fall Arrest System(Section I Mandatory; Sections IIand III(Non-Mandatory)29 CFR 1926.20 General safety and health provisions1926.62 Lead1926.101 Hearing Protection1926.251 Rigging equipment for material handling.1926.354
42、 Welding, cutting, and heating in way ofpreservative coatings1926.404 Wiring design and protectionSSPC Guide 17January 1, 200441926.451 Scaffolds1926.454 Scaffolds, Training requirements1926.500 Fall Protection: Scope, application, anddefinitions applicable to this subpart1926.502 Fall protection sy
43、stems: Criteria andpractices1926 Subpart M App C, Personal Fall Arrest Systems Non-Mandatory Guidelines forComplying with 1926.502(d)1926 Subpart M App E, Sample Fall Protection Plan Non-Mandatory Guidelines forComplying with 1926.502(k)1926.503 Fall Protection, Training Requirements1926.550 Cranes
44、and derricks1926.552 Material hoists, personnel hoists, andelevators1926.1053 Ladders1926.1060 Stairways and Ladders, Training require-ments1926.1127 CadmiumNote that OSHA standards for general industry, miningand/or marine/shipyards may create additional obligationsfor competent persons.Employee Pa
45、rticipationEmployees should participate in the company safetyprogram. An employer should provide employees with anopportunity to assist with the establishment, implementationand evaluation of the program. This can be accomplished byrequiring employees to assist with safety training, audits,and incid
46、ent investigations. The establishment of a commu-nication system between all levels of management andworkers is essential. Safety data must be collected and evalu-ated on a regular basis. All employees should be informedabout any safety concerns. Employers must regularly com-municate with all employ
47、ees about workplace safety andhealth matters. Employees must be provided with access toinformation relevant to the program. Mechanisms should beimplemented for employees at all levels to become involvedin the identification and assessment of hazards. They shouldassist in prioritizing hazards, traini
48、ng about the hazards andevaluation of program elements that deal with the hazard.Provisions for employees to be away from their normal workactivities must be made so that they may receive training,attend meetings and conduct other activities that may berequired by the program. An effective safety pr
49、ogram inte-grates safety into the employees daily job performance andbehavior, and rewards employees who have good safetyperformance.6. HAZARD IDENTIFICATIONThe employer must systematically identify and assesshazards prior to employee exposure to validate the effec-tiveness of the company safety program and to ensurecompliance with OSHA regulations. The employer mustconduct regular inspections of the workplace and reviewsafety and health information on a regular schedule. Newequipment, materials and processes must be evaluated forhazards before they are introduc
