1、SSPC-Guide 7January 1, 2004Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-171. Scope1.1 This guide provides information regarding handling, testing, and disposal of solid debris generated during prepa-ration of surfaces previously painted with lead-containing paint.1.2 This guide is based on federal regulati
2、ons only. States or other local jurisdictions may have requirements that are stricter, such as requiring additional analytical procedures or regulating other metals. Non-hazardous waste containing lead is also regulated in some states.1.3 This guide does not cover removal of the coating from the str
3、ucture or containment of the debris. These activities are described in SSPC-Guide 6.1.4 While this guide is written primarily with reference to removing lead-based paints, other elements as presented in Table 1 may also cause the debris to be classifi ed as a hazard-ous waste.TABLE 1TOXICITY LEACHAT
4、E LEVELS FOR METALS(40 CFR 281 as of November 1, 1993)Concentration EPA HazardousElement mg/L Waste NumberArsenic 5.0 D004Barium 100.0 D005Cadmium 1.0 D006Chromium (total) 5.0 D007Lead 5.0 D008Mercury 0.2 D009Selenium 1.0 D010Silver 5.0 D0112. Description and Defi nitions2.1 GENERAL: Surface prepara
5、tion debris usually includes old paint, spent abrasives, corrosion products, dirt, dust, grease, and salts. Constituents such as lead, cadmium, chromium, or other heavy metals may result in the waste stream being classifi ed as hazardous waste, requiring special handling and disposal. Under certain
6、circumstances, special handling and disposal may also be required for non-hazardous wastes. It is important to note that the surface preparation debris is not classifi ed as hazardous waste until tested, although it must be regarded and handled as a hazardous material until shown to be non-hazardous
7、.2.2 OUTLINE OF PROCEDURE: The major activities covered in this guide are as follows:2.2.1 Site Procedures Prior to and Including Classify-ing Waste (Section 5): These include collecting, packaging, transporting to a temporary storage area, as well as temporary storage, sampling, testing, and classi
8、fying waste.2.2.2 Procedures for Disposing of Hazardous Waste (Section 6): The generator must obtain an EPA ID number and determine the disposal options. For disposing of waste offsite, the generator must select a TSD (treatment, storage, and disposal) site, select a waste hauler, prepare a manifest
9、, ship the waste, and prepare a biennial report. For treatment of waste on-site, in accumulation containers, the generator must determine the time allowed for treatment, select a treat-ment method, prepare and submit a waste analysis plan, treat the waste, and verify that it is non-hazardous and can
10、 be disposed of at a non-hazardous site.2.2.3 Procedures for Disposing of Non-Hazardous Waste (Section 7): The generator must identify any state or local requirements or restrictions, select a non-hazardous disposal facility, and ship the waste to the facility.2.2.4 Commentary (Section 8): In additi
11、on, the guide provides an extensive commentary section discussing regula-tions, testing and sampling procedures, and other important considerations. 2.3 DEFINITIONS: The defi nitions below do not appear in the current version of the Protective Coatings Glossary.Landfi ll - Subtitle C: A landfi ll pe
12、rmitted in accordance with Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act for the disposal of hazardous waste.Landfi ll - Subtitle D: A landfi ll permitted in accordance with Subtitle D of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act for the disposal of non-hazardous waste.SSPC: The Society
13、for Protective CoatingsTECHNOLOGY GUIDE NO. 7Guide to the Disposal of Lead-ContaminatedSurface Preparation DebrisSSPC-Guide 7January 1, 2004Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-18Manifest: The shipping document U.S. EPA Form 870022 and, if necessary, U.S. EPA Form 8700-22A, originated and signed by
14、 the generator.On-Site: The same or geographically contiguous property, which could be divided by a public or private right-of-way, provided the entrance and exit between the properties is at a crossroads intersection, and access is by crossing as opposed to going along the right-of-way. Noncontiguo
15、us properties owned by the same person but connected by a right-of-way, which the owner controls and to which the public does not have access, are also considered on-site property.3. Referenced Documents3.1 SSPC STANDARDS AND PUBLICATIONS:PA Guide 5 Guide to Maintenance Painting Programs Guide 6 Gui
16、de for Containing Debris Generated During Paint Removal OperationsPCG Protective Coatings Glossary3.2 CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS:140 CFR Part 261 Identifi cation and Listing of Haz-ardous Waste40 CFR Part 262 Standards Applicable to Gen-erator of Hazardous Waste40 CFR Part 263 Standards Applicable
17、to Trans-porters of Hazardous Waste40 CFR Part 265 Interim Status Standards for Owners and Operators of Hazardous Waste Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Facilities40 CFR Part 268 Land Disposal Restrictions3.3 U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (EPA):SW 846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes2
18、Method 1320 Multiple Extraction Procedure3Method 1321 Standard Toxicity Leachate Procedure4. Procedures Prior to Waste Collection4.1 PLANNING: Surface preparation debris is a waste generated by the need to maintain structures by removing and replacing existing coatings. In planning maintenance paint
19、ing, one must take into account the regulations, restrictions, quality of protection, and economics of the entire operation. Activities range from condition assessment, to selecting a maintenance option, to containment and disposal of waste. Considerations and procedures for planning maintenance pai
20、nting programs are given in SSPC-PA Guide 5.4.2 FACTORS AFFECTING WASTE: The quantity of the waste generated and the concentration of lead and other composition factors are affected by the method used to remove the existing coating. Abrasive blasting with non-recyclable abrasive produces the greates
21、t volume of waste. Signifi cantly less waste is generated using recyclable abrasives. Non-blast-cleaning methods such as power tool cleaning generate the least waste.4.3 REMOVING AND CONTAINING LEAD AND OTHER PAINT: Methods for removing existing paint and preventing the paint from contaminating the
22、environment are described in SSPC-Guide 6. Guide 6 also describes methods for monitoring the effectiveness of containment.5. Site Procedures Prior to and Including Classifying WasteThe following procedures are required of the waste gen-erator prior to determining if the waste is hazardous. Although
23、the surface preparation debris is not classifi ed as hazardous waste until tested, it should be handled as a hazardous mate-rial until it is proven non-hazardous.5.1 COLLECT WASTE: Proper collection of the surface preparation debris is one of the most important steps in han-dling the debris. Precaut
24、ions to prevent release of the removed lead-containing paint into the air, water, or soil must be taken when transferring the debris from the work area to the stor-age containers. Collection of the potentially hazardous debris should be carried out frequently, typically at least once per day. Sample
25、s of material for analysis should be taken during collection, as described in Section 5.6. When containing dis-posable abrasives, collection may be done less frequently as long as the debris is not permitted to escape from containment. Whether collection is carried out using mechanical devices or ha
26、nd tools, it is important that the workers be fully protected against breathing, ingesting, or contacting any of the debris.5.2 PACKAGE AND LABEL WASTE: The lead-containing spent blast media or other debris must be stored in a man-ner that will not allow entry of any hazardous material into the envi
27、ronment. Leakproof drums or portable bins, such as gondolas, are generally acceptable. The lids of the drums, or the covers of the bins, must be fi rmly secured. The containers 1CFRs may be obtained online via http:/www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html2US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 1200 Penn
28、sylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20460; or online at http:/www.epa.gov/SW-846/6_series.htm Reference Test Methods)3Available online from: http:/www.epa.gov/SW-846/pdfs/1320.pdfSSPC-Guide 7January 1, 2004Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-19must be kept out of fl ood plains or areas where run-o
29、ff may occur. Weather resistant labels using indelible ink warning of the potential hazards associated with the material must be placed on the containers. The containers should be marked with the contents, tare weights of the containers, and the origin and date of collection of the material. The con
30、tainers must be keyed to the samples taken.5.3 TRANSPORT WASTE TO TEMPORARY STORAGE AREA: The fi lled containers can then be moved to a temporary holding area at the work site. During the moving operations, normal precautions must be taken to prevent damage that would result in spillage of contents
31、or entry of water into the containers. Transportation of hazardous or potentially hazard-ous waste to a temporary storage area on the job site can be performed by the generator. Transportation directly to a temporary or permanent off-site storage area must be done in accordance with 40 CFR Part 263,
32、 unless the owner has other arrangements with state and/or local regulatory agencies.5.4 STORE WASTE AT TEMPORARY SITE: Site stor-age involves grouping of materials by particular work site, even though the physical location of the storage site may be separated from the work site itself. Regardless o
33、f the location of the storage site, certain requirements remain constant.The site must be secure. Security begins with the choice of a suitable location. Storage sites must be on well- drained ground that is not subject to fl ooding (40 CFR Part 264.18). A fence should enclose the area, and prominen
34、t warning signs should be displayed around the perimeter. If the same stor-age site is also used for equipment and supplies, the waste containers should be segregated within the site. All the waste debris should be placed in an assigned area within the secured site and surrounded with a temporary “f
35、ence” of ribbons or thin rope. Identifi cation and warning signs should be posted where the material is being stored, and all drums must be placed on pallets or dunnage to prevent corrosive attack from moist soil. The containers must be arranged so that the labels are vis-ible at all times. The site
36、 must be adequately protected from vandalism or unauthorized access by the public (40 CFR Part 264.14).5.5 ACCUMULATION TIME AND REQUIREMENTS5.5.1 Accumulation Time: Hazardous waste can be ac-cumulated on-site for purposes of collecting enough waste to make transportation more cost effective. The le
37、ngth of time hazardous waste can remain in on-site storage is primarily dependent upon the amount of waste generated.5.5.1.1 Large-quantity generators produce 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) or more of waste per month. For large-quantity generators, the accumulation period is a maximum of 90 days. A 30-day ext
38、ension can be granted at the discretion of the Regional U.S. EPA Administrator on a case-to-case basis.5.5.1.2 A small-quantity generator who produces greater than 100 kg (220 lbs) but less than 1,000 kg (2,200 lbs) per month may accumulate waste on-site for a maximum of 180 days. If the waste is to
39、 be transported over 200 miles for treatment or disposal, the time is extended to 270 days. The Regional U.S. EPA Administrator can grant 30-day extensions on a case-by-case basis.5.5.1.3 Generators exceeding the allowed accumulation period are considered to be the operators of hazardous waste stora
40、ge facilities, and must comply with the regulations in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 265. 5.5.2 Emergency Plan: A contingency plan and procedures for use in an emergency must be developed. Large-quantity generators must have a written contingency plan. Small-quantity generators are not required to have the p
41、lan in writing.5.5.3 Personnel Training: Workers involved in handling and storage of hazardous waste must successfully complete a program of classroom instruction or on-the-job training that teaches them to perform their duties in a manner consistent with the regulations and how to respond in emerge
42、ncies (40 CFR Part 265.16). The employer must maintain records of training received by each employee. An annual review by employees is required.5.6 SAMPLING: Sampling of debris for testing and analysis (see Section 5.7) is the responsibility of the generator (40 CFR Part 262.11). Information on samp
43、ling methods is given in 40 CFR Part 261, Appendix 1.5.6.1 Sampling Plan: A sampling plan must be developed prior to beginning work. The sampling plan should include who will be responsible for the sampling, how often samples will be taken, how the samples will be obtained, where the samples will be
44、 taken, and how the samples will be handled.5.6.2 Representative Samples5.6.2.1 It is necessary to obtain representative samples in order to obtain legitimate results. The proper method for spent abrasive is to use a random sampling technique. A representa-tive sample of a days work might consist of
45、 one shovelful from each wheelbarrow of spent abrasive. The spent abrasive is then mixed and quartered until it is reduced to one gallon.5.6.2.2 If one waits until the end of the job to lift samples, the task becomes very diffi cult. There are thieving devices avail-able for such sampling, but a som
46、ewhat non-uniform material like spent abrasives would still be very diffi cult to sample.5.6.2.3 For small jobs, in which the surface preparation is completed in one month or less, the samples could be retained until the end of the job and then tested. For longer jobs, the samples should be tested w
47、hen about 25 percent of the surface SSPC-Guide 7January 1, 2004Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-20preparation is completed, provided the 90-day accumulation period for large quantity generators is not exceeded. It is rec-ommended that additional samples be retained from this fi nal operation in
48、 case there are any questions later.5.6.3 Number of Samples: The number of samples needed is determined by the variability of the laboratory test results. SW 846, Chapter 9 - Sampling Plan, presents the requirements for determining the number of samples. Appendix A presents a detailed discussion of
49、sampling requirements and interpreting results. 5.6.3.1 Minimum Number of Samples: The minimum number of samples to be collected is four, unless the owner has determined that the waste is to be classifi ed as hazard-ous.5.6.4 Testing of Initial Sample: The samples should be sent to the laboratory with instructions to analyze just one. Some states require a Chain of Custody Form to accompany the samples sent to the laboratory.If the results are 10 mg/L or greater for leachable lead, the waste should be declared hazardous, and no further labora-tory testing is needed. If 10 mg/L leach
