1、SSPC-Guide 9July 1, 1994Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-291. Scope1.1 This guide covers the procedures for planning, perform-ing, and documenting fi eld evaluations of atmospheric testing of coatings applied to steel panels or steel structures.1.2 It is intended for coating systems applied to
2、new or previously coated structures.1.3 It is intended for use by coatings specifi ers, end users, manufacturers, formulators, and test laboratories.2. Description2.1 USE OF GUIDE: Coating fi eld evaluation data devel-oped in accordance with this guide may be used to document fi eld performance requ
3、irements of SSPC specifi cations, facility owner specifi cations, or other purchaser documents. SSPC specifi cations with fi eld performance requirements include Paints 28, 29, 31, 34 and 36, and Painting System 24.2.2 CONTENT OF GUIDE: The procedures for planning, performing, and documenting fi eld
4、 evaluations are organized into the following steps, as outlined in Appendix A: Establish Scope and Objectives of Field Testing Program (Section 4) Select and Identify Coating Systems (Section 5) Select and Characterize Test Structure (Section 6) Apply Coatings (Section 7) Design Periodic Rating and
5、 Inspection Procedure (Section 8) Perform Field Inspection and Rating (Section 9) Assess and Analyze Data (Section 10)3. Referenced Standards3.2 SSPC AND JOINT STANDARDS:PA 1 Shop, Field and Maintenance Painting of SteelPA 2 Measurement of Dry Film Thickness with Magnetic GagesPA Guide 3 A Guide to
6、Safety in Paint ApplicationPaint 28 Water-Borne Epoxy Primer for Steel SurfacesPaint 29 Zinc Dust Sacrifi cial Primer, Performance-BasedPS 24.00 Latex Painting System for Indus-trial and Marine Atmospheres,Performance-Based SP 1 Solvent Cleaning SP 2 Hand Tool Cleaning SP 3 Power Tool Cleaning SP 5/
7、NACE No 1 White Metal Blast Cleaning SP 6/NACE No. 3 Commercial Blast Cleaning SP 7/NACE No. 4 Brush Off Blast Cleaning SP 10/NACE No. 2 Near White Blast Cleaning SP 11 Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal VIS 1 Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abrasive Blast CleaningV
8、IS 2 Standard Method of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces 3.3 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS (ASTM) STANDARDS:A 36 Specifi cation for Carbon Structural SteelD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 610 Method of Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel SurfacesD 66
9、0 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Check-ing of Exterior PaintsD 714 Test Method of Evaluating Degree of Blister-ing on Painted Steel SubstratesD 1654 Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Dif-f
10、erences of Opaque MaterialsD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior PaintsD 4417 Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profi le of Blast Cleaned SteelD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coat-ings Using Po
11、rtable AdhesionTestersD 4940 Test Method for Conductimetric Analysis of Water Soluble Ionic Contamination of Blasting AbrasiveD 5065 Guide for Assessing the Condition of Aged Coatings on Steel SurfacesSSPC: The Society for Protective CoatingsTECHNOLOGY GUIDE NO. 9Guide for Atmospheric Testing of Coa
12、tings in the FieldSSPC-Guide 9July 1, 1994Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-30F 1133 Practice for Inspecting the Coating System of a Ships Underwater Hull and Boottop During Drydocking (withdrawn, replaced by F 1130)G 92 Practice for Characterization of Atmospheric Test Sites3.4 NACE INTERNATION
13、AL STANDARDS:RP0287 Standard Recommended Practice for Field Measurement of Surface Profi le of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel Surfaces Using a Rep-lica Tape4. Establish Scope and Objectives of Field Testing Program4.1 ESTABLISH OBJECTIVES: The evaluator should prepare a short written statement on the
14、objectives of the fi eld evaluation. Examples of objectives are as follows: To compare new coatings with standard (reference) coatings used by a facility. To evaluate the merits of a variety of new coatings for fi eld practicality and performance. To evaluate the infl uence of surface preparation an
15、d coating application variations on coating per-formance.Specific items to be addressed in the statement include: The intended exposure environment. The approximate or desired service life (e.g., com- parison with standard). The type of structure. The condition of the steel. The primary functions of
16、 coatings (e.g., to provide corrosion protection, good appearance, and iden-tifi cation or safety related information).It is recommended that the objective statement be signed or authorized by appropriate supervisory or management personnel.4.2 DETERMINE SCOPE OF TESTING PROGRAM: The evaluator shoul
17、d identify the general nature of the test program, including the type of candidate and control coatings, the intended exposure environment, and the type of structure.4.2.1 Coating Systems4.2.1.1 Candidate Coating: Identify the types of coatings to be evaluated (e.g., low-VOC alternatives or one-coat
18、 epoxy mastics), including type and thickness of primer, intermediate coat and topcoat (as appropriate), and total fi lm build. Also identify the sources of the candidate coatings (e.g., submissions to a Qualifi ed Product List QPL), new proprietary products, or newly developed laboratory formulatio
19、ns). Adequate data to support special performance requirements, such as chemical resistance, should be available prior to fi eld testing.4.2.1.2 Control Coating: Include a control coating in the test to help account for the affect of the local environment on the coating performance. The specifi c co
20、ntrol coating materials should be identifi ed (e.g., standard coating in use at facility should be identifi ed by brand and generic name or by Federal or SSPC specifi cation). In addition, include a short explanation of why this particular control coating has been selected.4.2.1.3 Surface Preparatio
21、n: An important part of the coating system is the type of surface preparation to be evalu-ated in the program (e.g., blast cleaning or hand- or power-tool cleaning) and the specifi c degree of cleaning.4.2.1.4 Regulations: Ensure that the materials and pro-cedures selected comply with all local regu
22、lations. In addition, consider the impact of tests upon surrounding facilities and the local environment.4.2.1.5 Exposure Environment: Identify the types of exposures for which the coatings are intended. An SSPC classifi cation procedure may be used. If the environmental exposure zone is not one tha
23、t is listed in Note 12.1, identify the specifi c type of chemical or condition (e.g., fumes, de-icing salts, or waste treatment plant peroxide fumes).4.2.1.6 Surface Condition of Steel: Identify the surface condition of the steel to which each coating is to be applied, e.g., whether it is a new or e
24、xisting surface and the degree of pitting and salt contamination. If the surface is coated, measure the dry fi lm thickness and adhesion of the coating.4.2.1.7 Structure Type: Identify the structure type (e.g., bridge, fl oor, or tank) or structural details desired (e.g., lattice work, crevices, or
25、fl oating tank roof), including the type of steel, whether it is new or has been previously painted, and the area to be painted.5. Select and Identify Coating Systems5.1 This step is to identify, describe, and determine the sources of the candidate coating materials and the controls. In addition, th
26、e specifi c surface preparation and application details are to be established, along with any other special requirements.5.2 COATING SYSTEM: The test will normally include candidate coating systems and control or reference coating systems. Together, the surface preparation procedure, coating materia
27、ls, and application method make up a coating system. For each of the candidate and control coating systems, provide the following information:SSPC-Guide 9July 1, 1994Editorial Revisions November 1, 20049-315.2.1 Surface Preparation. The surface preparation for the test should be that expected to be
28、done for a full-scale job application. Applicable SSPC standards include SSPC-SP 1 (Solvent Cleaning), SSPC-SP 2 (Hand Tool Cleaning), SSPC-SP 3 (Power Tool Cleaning), SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3 (Commercial Blast Cleaning), SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4 (Brush-Off Blast Cleaning), SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 (Near-White
29、 Blast Cleaning), and SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1 (White Metal Blast Cleaning).Certain preparation methods may require additional infor-mation such as the surface profi le and method of measuring profi le, the type and qualifi cation of abrasive, and specifi c equipment or components such as nozzles, compr
30、essors, fi lters, and pressure for water jetting.5.2.2 Coating Materials. The minimum information re-quired for all coatings is the generic (chemical) type, number of components, volatile organic compound (VOC) content, recommended dry fi lm thickness (DFT), number of coats, and the specifi c source
31、 of the product (e.g., brand name, or govern-ment or SSPC paint specifi cation). Other physical properties that may be useful are the volume percent solids, theoretical spreading rate, active pigments (e.g., corrosion-inhibiting or sacrifi cial), dry time, and fl exibility. Prior to the application
32、of the coating, the evaluator must obtain product data sheets for application instructions and an MSDS for handling and safety instructions.5.2.3 Application. The application procedure that would be used for full-scale application of the coating should be selected. If another procedure is used, cons
33、ideration must be given to its effect on coating performance. Any application procedure must be approved by the coating manufacturer. Determine what information is to be monitored and recorded. The minimum information required is the application procedure, ambient weather conditions when the coating
34、 was applied, including air and surface temperatures, humidity and dew point, and time intervals after surface preparation and before painting, as well as between coats. Other information, such as the manufacturer of the spray equipment, may be desirable.6. Select and Characterize Test Structure6.1
35、SELECT STRUCTURE AND APPROPRIATE ENVI-RONMENT: Based on the requirements set out in the planning stage, select a structure or structures in the appropriate expo-sure environment. Because of the limited availability of sites and access to structures, it is not always possible to match the exposure co
36、nditions proposed in the planning stage. Docu-ment the structure, test locations, and other local conditions that may affect the test with photographs and written records. A model report form is found in Appendix B.When selecting a structure, the following points should considered: Authorization to
37、use for testing Clearances and access for application Access for inspection Security Condition of steel and confi guration Environmental impact Expected duration of test site Direction of exposure for gloss retention studies6.2 SELECT STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS FOR TESTING6.2.1 Select a portion of the st
38、ructure for the coating testing program. The portion should be readily dividable into a minimum of two locations. The different locations should be relatively similar in surface condition, exposure, corrosiv-ity (e.g., exposure to chemicals, water runoff, and saltwater runoff), and structural confi
39、guration. The test location for each coating system should be picked at random. Test each coating system, including candidates and controls, in more than one location since the reliability of the results increases as the number of replicates increases. This will also permit comparisons of candidate
40、coatings with control coatings and with one another. Document the selection with photographs.6.2.2 Three levels of fi eld site evaluations have been established:Level A - Production Scale Structure Evaluation: Each test area should be a minimum of 40 square feet (4 m2). The area should include a var
41、iety of confi gurations representative of the actual structural surface, such as planar areas, edges, and welded or bolted connections.Level B - Patch Scale Structure Evaluation: Each test area should be a minimum of 6 square feet (0.6 m2). If possible, at least two linear feet (0.6 m) of edge shoul
42、d be included in the test. Where early results are sought, scribes may be placed in three to fi ve locations on the fl at areas. With small areas, it is important that each candidate and each control system be applied on the most uniform area that can be found.Level C - Test Panel Evaluation: Where
43、suitable struc-tural surfaces are not available, or where there are a relatively large number of systems to be evaluated, test panels may be used. Test panels should be a minimum of 4 by 6 inches (100 by 150 mm) in area, at least 1/8 inch (6.4 mm) thick. They should be made of hot-rolled steel meeti
44、ng the requirements of ASTM A 36 unless otherwise agreed upon. Alternatively, use hot-rolled steel similar to the steel in structures to be coated. A minimum of four replicate test panels for each coating sys-tem or control system is recommended. The panels may be placed on test racks on the ground,
45、 on test racks suspended from the structure, or individually suspended from structures. The location of each panel on the rack or elsewhere should be chosen at random. Electrical insulation of the panels from a structure or other support must be assured.SSPC-Guide 9July 1, 1994Editorial Revisions No
46、vember 1, 20049-326.3 CHARACTERIZE EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENT: Exposure environments can be characterized by the environ-mental parameters or by the performance of standard materials in that environment. The SSPC zones provide a broad clas-sifi cation of exposure environments (see Note 12.1).6.3.1 Environ
47、mental Parameters. These include relative humidity, rainfall, temperature averages and ranges, acidity of rainfall, and the presence of contaminants such as chemicals or salts. The time of wetness, which is an important factor in determining corrosion rates, can be measured. The total ultraviolet ra
48、diation can be measured or the number of hours of sunlight can be estimated based on the direction of the exposure and weather data. Additional information on the weather and local environment can be obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Oceanic Atmosphere Admini
49、stration (NOAA), the U.S. Meteorological Society, or by specialized monitoring equipment.6.3.2 Performance of Standard Materials. The most common indicator of corrosion rates is the corrosion of bare steel coupons. A minimum corrosion rate of 1.0 mil (25 mi-crometers) per year is recommended for classifi cation as a moderate exposure environment. ASTM G 92 provides a method for site calibration. Other parameters used are the corrosion rate of bare zinc and the lifetimes of certain standard reference paints. Another potentially useful parameter is the scribe und
