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19、 BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 REVISION HISTORY Ver. 1.0 Initial publication September 2014 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 i 1 CONTENTS 2 1 INTRODUCTION 1 3 1.1 Scope 1 4 1.2 Terminology 1 5 1.2.1 Definitions 1 6 1.2.2 Abbreviations 1 7 1.3 References 2 8 1.3.1 Informative
20、 References 2 9 2 General Problem Description 3 10 2.1 Scenario 1 - Different Services over Different Technologies 3 11 2.2 Scenario 2 - Different Applications over Different Technologies 4 12 3 Possible Solutions . 5 13 3.1 Solution A - Simultaneous IP flows across LTE and eHRPD . 5 14 3.1.1 Soluti
21、on A.1 Operator Policy via ANDSF . 6 15 3.1.2 Solution A.2 Operator Policy in Network . 9 16 3.1.3 Solution A.3 Load based dynamic flow management via ANDSF 12 17 3.1.4 Solution A.4 Load based dynamic flow management via EPC 12 18 3.2 Solution B - Switch Spectrum between LTE and eHRPD 12 19 3.3 Solu
22、tion C - Load Balancing between LTE and eHRPD 13 20 4 Analysis of Solutions . 14 21 4.1 Solution A - Simultaneous IP flows across LTE and eHRPD . 14 22 4.2 Solution B - Switch Spectrum between LTE and eHRPD 14 23 4.3 Solution C - Load Balancing between LTE and eHRPD 15 24 5 Conclusions . 16 25 26 27
23、 FIGURES 28 Figure 1 Optimize the Radio Spectrum Utilization 3 29 Figure 2 Support Different Services over Different Technologies 4 30 Figure 3 Support Different Applications over Different Technologies 4 31 Figure 4 Simultaneous IP flows across LTE and eHRPD 5 32 Figure 5 CA setup call flow - PGW A
24、nchor, policy via ANDSF . 7 33 Figure 6 CA setup call flow - PGW Anchor, policy in Network 10 34 35 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 FOREWORD 1 This foreword is not part of this document. 2 3 This document was prepared as a joint TSG effort led by Technical Specification Group SX 4 (TSG-SX) of the Third Generat
25、ion Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). 5 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Scope 2 Operators who have both an eHRPD (evolved high rate packet data) network and an LTE (long 3 term evolution) network need to optimize the use of the spectrum allocated to those two 4 technologies. 5 This document
26、 examines various aspects of the above need, and analyzes the benefits and issues 6 of each proposed solution. 7 This is an informative document only, and places no requirements on existing eHRPD and LTE 8 networks or equipment. 9 It is not intended to be used for technical reference by any other pu
27、blication. 10 1.2 Terminology 11 The terms and abbreviations used within this specification are defined as follows: 12 1.2.1 Definitions 13 Carrier Aggregation 14 The term “carrier aggregation” describes the ability of a RAN element, e.g., an eNodeB, to use 15 multiple segments of spectrum simultane
28、ously to send and/or receive traffic to and from the UE. 16 1.2.2 Abbreviations 17 ANDSF Access Network Discovery and Selection Function 18 APN Access Point Name 19 BE Best Effort 20 CA Carrier Aggregation 21 CDMA Code Division Multiple Access 22 eHRPD evolved High Rate Packet Data 23 E-UTRAN Evolve
29、d Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network 24 EPS Enhanced Packet System 25 HAAA Home Authentication Autentication and Accounting server 26 HSGW HRPD Serving Gateway 27 HSS Home Subscription Server 28 IFOM IP Flow Mobility 29 IM Instant Messaging 30 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 2 IP Internet Protocol 1 IP
30、-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network 2 LTE Long Term Evolution 3 M2M Machine to Machine 4 MAPCON Multi Access PDN Connectivity 5 MME Mobility Management Entity 6 PCRF Policy and Charging Rules Function 7 PDN Packet Data Network 8 PGW Packet Data Network Gateway 9 PMIP Proxy Mobile IP 10 QCI QoS Class
31、 Identifier 11 QoS Quality of Service 12 RAT Radio Access Technology 13 RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 14 SGW Serving Gateway 15 UE User Equipment 16 VSNCP Vendor Specific Network Control Protocol 17 1.3 References 18 All references are informative. The document references applicable to this spe
32、cification 19 include: 20 1.3.1 Informative References 21 1 3GPP2: C.S0087-A v3.0: E-UTRAN cdma2000 HRPD Connectivity 22 and Interworking: Air Interface Specification, December 2013. 23 2 3GPP2: X.S0057-B v1.0: E-UTRAN eHRPD Connectivity and 24 Interworking: Core Network Aspects, October 2012. 25 3G
33、PP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 3 2 General Problem Description 1 Operators who have both an eHRPD (evolved high rate packet data) network and an LTE (long 2 term evolution) network need to optimize the use of the spectrum allocated to those two 3 technologies. 4 As operators transition to LTE, their eHRPD netwo
34、rks will continue to operate for some period of 5 time that will vary from operator to operator. The spectrum assets of an operator are very 6 important and their usage should be optimized. The operator faces the issue of how to maximize 7 use of their spectrum, maximize services to their customers,
35、 and minimize disruptions due to 8 transitions from one technology to the other. 9 Optimization involves both the current day-to-day use of spectrum, as well as the future direction 10 of movement from eHRPD to LTE that is expected in the industry. The solution(s) chosen by 11 operators need to addr
36、ess both aspects. 12 Frequency resources are becoming more precious for operators as the amount of data traffic 13 increases. Operators are using two or more radio systems simultaneously, running at different 14 radio spectrum ranges. Operators are also dealing with non-contiguous (fractional) spect
37、rum 15 ranges. In order to increase throughput and utilize the spectrum efficiently, this document is 16 designed to help operators optimize the radio spectrum utilization. The following subsections 17 describe two different approaches for distributing data traffic over multiple technologies. 18 par
38、t1 of DataPart2 of DataeHRPD NetworkEUTRAN networkpart1 of DataPart2 of DataP-GW19 Figure 1 Optimize the Radio Spectrum Utilization 20 Section 3 of this document provides a set of possible solutions to this issue. 21 Section 4 of this document analyzes each of these solutions and indicates some poss
39、ible ways 22 forward for consideration by operators. 23 24 2.1 Scenario 1 - Different Services over Different Technologies 25 The ability of the UE to initiate several different services simultaneously, and distribute the 26 bearers over the different technologies based on QoS is very important. 27
40、3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 4 Data of BE serviceData ofother serviceeHRPD NetworkEUTRAN networkData of BE serviceData ofother serviceP-GW1 Figure 2 Support Different Services over Different Technologies 2 2.2 Scenario 2 - Different Applications over Different Technologies 3 It is also useful to differentia
41、te traffic on the basis of the application. The operator may choose to 4 assign the different network technologies based upon the application types, e.g., the IM 5 applications could be carried by the eHRPD network, while the FTP applications could be carried 6 by the EUTRAN network. 7 Data of App1D
42、ata of App2eHRPD NetworkEUTRAN networkData of App1Data of App2P-GW8 Figure 3 Support Different Applications over Different Technologies 9 10 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 5 3 Possible Solutions 1 The following sections describe these possible solutions: 2 Solution A: Dual UEs that transmit separate IP flows
43、simultaneously across LTE and 3 eHRPD independently at the lower layers, with the IP flows being managed between the 4 IP client in the UE and the IP control in the PGW. 5 Solution B: Switching of spectrum use between LTE use and eHRPD use based on 6 various criteria, e.g., load, time of day. 7 Solu
44、tion C: Load balancing between LTE and eHRPD. 8 3.1 Solution A - Simultaneous IP flows across LTE and eHRPD 9 Solution A involves the simultaneous use of two radios (two transmitters and two receivers) 10 within the same UE that operate independently, with coordination of user traffic occurring at t
45、he 11 IP layer. 12 In Solution A, some IP packet flows are transmitted over LTE, and other IP packet flows are 13 transmitted over eHRPD. The IFOM (IP flow mobility) 1 and MAPCON (multi access PDN 14 connectivity) 1 features defined by 3GPP are utilized to transmit specific IP flows over LTE and 15
46、others over eHRPD. MAPCON provides the ability to set up IP packet flows over either radio 16 technology, but the IP packet flows should remain on those radio technologies and cannot be 17 moved to the other technology. IFOM provides the ability to set up IP packet flows over either 18 radio technol
47、ogy, and those IP packet flows can be moved to the other technology dynamically. 19 The use of IFOM and MAPCON maintains the independence of the radio access networks, each 20 of which is not aware that the other technology is simultaneously in use. Operator policies can 21 take into account the sub
48、scription priority, the QCI (QoS class identifier) of the bearers, the 22 identity of the APN (access point name), and other factors to determine whether to set up a PDN 23 connection and its associated bearers on a specific technology to optimize spectrum utilization. 24 Figure 4 below illustrates
49、Solution A. 25 26 Figure 4 Simultaneous IP flows across LTE and eHRPD 27 3GPP2 S.R0153-0 v1.0 6 3.1.1 Solution A.1 Operator Policy via ANDSF 1 Solution A.1 involves the simultaneous use of two radios (two transmitters and two receivers) 2 within the same UE that operate independently, with coordination of user traffic occurring at the 3 IP layer. 4 In solution A.1, the data flow between UE and PGW is split/aggregated based on the operator 5 policy. The ANDSF is responsible for distributing operator policy to the UE. Static policies can 6 be pre-configured in the
