1、 TSB-88.2-E January 2016Wireless Communications Systems Performance in Noise and Interference Limited Situations Part 2: Propagation and Noise NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and p
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20、-88.2-E i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD xiii INTRODUCTION xv 1. SCOPE . 1 1.1 The TSB-88 Series 1 1.2 TSB-88.2-E . 3 2. REFERENCES 4 3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS . 5 3.1 Definitions . 5 3.2 Abbreviations 11 4. TEST METHODS 14 5. NOISE . 15 5.1 Environmental RF Noise . 15 5.2 Environmental RF Noise
21、Data . 15 5.2.1 Measurements Referenced to Land Cover Categories 15 5.2.2 Historical RF Noise Data . 20 5.3 RF Noise Measurement Methodology . 21 5.3.1 Receiver Selection . 21 5.3.2 Antenna Selection . 21 5.3.3 RF Noise Measurement in a Mobile Environment . 22 5.3.4 Fixed RF Noise Measurement . 26 5
22、.3.5 Site Isolation 26 5.4 Symbolic RF Noise Modeling and Simulation Methodology 27 5.4.1 Receiver/Multicoupler Interference 27 5.4.2 Intermodulation 28 5.4.3 The Symbolic Method 31 5.4.4 Multicoupler Parametric Values . 35 5.4.5 Non-Coherent Power Addition Discussion . 36 5.4.6 Determining Unknown
23、Power from Sum Plus One Known Value 38 5.5 Noise-Adjusted Faded Performance Threshold 39 6. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION PREDICTIONS 41 6.1 Sub-Gigahertz Prediction Models Compared 41 6.1.1 Bullington Bullington 47, 57, 77 . 41 6.1.2 FCC (R-6406 Assessing and quantifying the interference impact
24、between narrowband technologies and broadband technologies; Address the methodology of minimizing system interference between current or proposed Noise Limited Systems in spectral and spatial proximity to current or proposed Interference Limited Systems; Assessing and quantifying the impact of new n
25、arrowband/bandwidth efficient digital and analog technologies on existing analog and digital technologies; Address the methodology to minimize intersystem interference between systems at national boundaries; Accommodating the design and frequency coordination of bandwidth-efficient narrowband techno
26、logies likely to be deployed as a result of the Federal Communications Commission “Spectrum Refarming” efforts; and Accommodating the design and frequency coordination of broadband technologies to be deployed in support of FirstNets nationwide interoperable broadband public safety network; The TSB-8
27、8 series of documents was prepared partially in response to specific requests from three particular user organizations: the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials, International (APCO), the Land Mobile Communications Council (LMCC) and the National Coordination Committee (NCC). In 200
28、3, the National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC) assumed the reponsibilites of NCC1 This document TSB-88.2-E is intended to address propagation and noise issues within the context described above. 1NPSTCs Broadband Requirements Report “Defining Public Safety Grade Systems and Facilit
29、ies“ describes best practices for coverage modeling based on recommendations from TSB-88 NPSTC 14. TSB-88.2-E x BLANK PAGE TSB-88.2-E 1 Wireless Communications Systems Performance in Noise and Interference-Limited Situations Part 2: Propagation and Noise 1. SCOPE 1.1 The TSB-88 Series The TSB-88 ser
30、ies of bulletins gives guidance on the following areas: Establishment of standardized methodology for modeling and simulating either narrowband/bandwidth efficient technologies or broadband technologies; Establishment of a standardized methodology for empirically confirming the performance of either
31、 narrowband/bandwidth efficient systems or broadband systems; Aggregating the modeling, simulation and empirical performance verification reports into a unified “Spectrum Management Tool Kit“ which can be employed by frequency coordinators, systems engineers, software developers, and system operator
32、s; Recommended databases that are available for improved results from modeling and simulation; and Providing current information for new and emerging bands. The purpose of these documents is to define and advance a scientifically sound standardized methodology for addressing technology compatibility
33、. This document provides a formal structure and quantitative technical parameters from which automated design and spectrum management tools can be developed based on proposed configurations that can temporarily exist during a migration process or for longer term solutions for systems that have diffe
34、rent technologies. As wireless communications systems evolve, the complexity in determining compatibility between different types of modulation, different operational geographic areas, and application usage increases. Spectrum managers, system designers and system maintainers have a common interest
35、in utilizing the most accurate and repeatable modeling and simulation capabilities to determine likely wireless communication system performance. A standardized approach and methodology is needed for the modeling and simulation of wireless communications system performance, considering both analog a
36、nd digital practices in all frequency bands of interest. TSB-88.2-E 2 In addition, subsequent to wireless communications system implementation, validity or acceptance testing is often an issue subject to much debate and uncertainty. Long after a system is in place and optimized, future interference
37、dispute resolution demands application of a unified quantitative methodology for assessing system performance and interference. These documents also provide a standardized definition and methodology to a process for determining when various wireless communications configurations are compatible. The
38、document contains performance recommendations for public safety and non-public safety type systems that are recommended for use in the modeling and simulation of these systems. These documents also satisfy the desire for a standardized empirical measurement methodology that is useful for routine pro
39、of-of-performance and acceptance testing and in dispute resolution of interference cases. To provide this utility necessitates that specific manufacturers define various performance criteria for the different modulations and their specific implementations. Furthermore, sufficient reference informati
40、on is provided so that software applications can be developed and employed to determine if the desired system performance can be realized. Wireless system performance can be modeled and simulated with the effects of single or multiple potential distortion sources taken into account. These sources in
41、clude: Performance parameters Co-channel users Off-channel users Internal noise sources External noise sources Equipment non-linearity Transmission path geometry Delay spread and differential signal phase Over the air and network protocols Performance verification methods Predictions of system perfo
42、rmance can then be based on the desired RF carrier versus the combined effects of single or multiple performance degrading sources. Performance is then based on a faded environment to more accurately simulate actual usage and considers both signal magnitude and phase attributes. It is anticipated th
43、at this series of documents will serve as the standard reference for developers and suppliers of land mobile communications system design, modeling, simulation and spectrum management software and automated tools. TSB-88.2-E 3 1.2 TSB-88.2-E This document, Part 2 of TSB-88, addresses propagation and
44、 noise issues within the context described in 1.1, above. TSB-88.2-E 4 2. REFERENCES This Telecommunications System Bulletin contains informative information. There may be references to other TIA standards which contain normative elements. These references are primarily to indicate the methods of me
45、asurement contained in those documents. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standard indicated in
46、Section 3. ANSI and TIA maintain registers of currently valid national standards published by them. TSB-88.2-E 5 3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS There is a comprehensive Glossary of Terms, Acronyms, and Abbreviations listed in Annex-A of TIA TSB-102. In spite of its size, numerous unforeseen terms
47、still might have to be defined for the compatibility aspects. Additional TIA references will also be included as applicable. Items being specifically defined for the purpose of this document are indicated as (New). All others will be referenced to their source as follows: ANSI/IEEE 100-2000 Standard
48、 Dictionary IEEE Recommendation ITU-R P.1407-4 ITU3 TIA-845-B 845 TSB-88.1-D 88.1 TSB-88.3-D 88.3 TSB-88.42 88.4 The preceding documents are referenced in this bulletin. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All such documents are subject to revision, and parties to agreemen
49、ts based on this document are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below: 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply: ACCPR Adjacent Channel Coupled Power Ratio: The ratio of the average power of a transmitter under prescribed conditions and moduation to the energy coupled into a victim receiver. The selectivity of the victims receiver, the offset frequency and the Spectral Power Densi
