1、 TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS BULLETIN Wireless Communications Systems - Performance in Noise and Interference - Limited Situations - Recommended Methods for Technology - Independent Modeling, Simulation, and Verifications TSB-88-B SEPTEMBER 2004 TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION The Telecom
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30、ided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA TSB-88-B i TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD xiii INTRODUCTION xv 1. SCOPE 1 2. REFERENCES 3 3. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS . 5 3.1. Definitions . 5 3.2. Abbreviations 14 4. TEST METHO
31、DS 18 5. WIRELESS SYSTEM TECHNICAL PERFORMANCE DEFINITION AND CRITERIA. 19 5.1. Service Area 19 5.2. Channel Performance Criterion (CPC) 19 5.2.1. CPC Reliability. 20 5.3. CPC Reliability Design Targets . 20 5.3.1. Contour Reliability . 20 5.3.2. CPC Service Area Reliability . 21 5.3.3. Tile Reliabi
32、lity Margin 23 5.3.4. Tile Reliability 23 5.3.5. Tile-based Area Reliability. 24 5.3.6. Bounded Area Percent Coverage 24 5.4. Margins for CPC 25 5.4.1. CPC Subjective Criterion. 25 5.5. Parametric Values. 30 5.5.1. BER vs. Eb/No. 31 5.5.2. Co-Channel Rejection and CPC 33 5.5.2.1. Channel Performance
33、 Criterion . 34 5.6. Propagation Modeling and Simulation Reliability 34 5.6.1. Service Area Frequency Selection 34 5.6.2. Proposed System Is PSA 35 5.6.3. Proposed System Is Not PSA 35 5.6.4. A Suggested Methodology for TSB-88 Pre-Analysis . 37 5.6.5. Modeling Receiver Characteristics 38 6. NOISE. 4
34、3 6.1. Environmental RF Noise . 43 6.2. Environmental RF Noise Data. 43 6.2.1. Measurements Referenced to LULC Categories. 43 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA
35、 TSB-88-B ii 6.2.2. Historical RF Noise Data . 45 6.3. RF Noise Measurement Methodology. 46 6.3.1. Receiver Selection 46 6.3.2. Antenna Selection . 46 6.3.3. RF Noise Measurement in a Mobile Environment . 47 6.3.4. Fixed RF Noise Measurement. 48 6.3.5. Site Isolation 48 6.4. Symbolic RF Noise Modeli
36、ng and Simulation Methodology 49 6.4.1. Receiver/Multicoupler Interference 49 6.4.2. Intermodulation . 51 6.4.3. The Symbolic Method 53 6.4.4. Multicoupler Parametric Values. 57 6.4.5. Non-Coherent Power Addition Discussion 58 6.4.6. Determining Unknown Power from Sum Plus One Known Value 60 6.5. No
37、ise-Adjusted Faded Performance Threshold 61 7. ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION PREDICTION STANDARD MODEL 63 7.1. The Okumura/Hata/Davidson Model. 63 7.1.1. Sample OKUMURA/HATA/DAVIDSON Program - Metric. 65 7.1.2. Sample OKUMURA/HATA/DAVIDSON Program - English . 66 7.2. Anderson 2D Model 67 7.2.1. P
38、ropagation Model Outline 67 7.2.2. Line-of-Sight (LOS) Mode . 68 7.2.2.1. Two-Ray Field Strength at the Receiver Using a Single Ground Reflection 69 7.2.2.2. Attenuation Due to Partial Obstruction of the Fresnel Zone 73 7.2.2.3. Summary of the Calculation of the Field Strength at the Receiver Under
39、LOS Conditions . 74 7.2.3. Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) Mode . 74 7.2.3.1. Diffraction Loss 75 7.2.3.2. Handling Anomalous Terrain Profiles 76 7.2.3.3. Summary Calculation, Field Strength at the Receiver Under NLOS Conditions 77 7.3. FCC Model R-6602. 77 7.3.1. Adjustments to R-6602 calculations 78 7.3.
40、1.1. Terrain roughness . 78 7.3.1.2. Short Paths 80 7.3.1.3. Low HAATs 80 7.3.1.4. High HAATs. 81 7.3.1.5. Number of Radials. 82 7.3.1.6. Database Resolution . 82 7.3.1.7. Contour Representation 83 7.4. Contour Calculations. 83 7.4.1. Background . 83 7.4.2. Basis . 83 7.4.3. Frequency Assignment Cri
41、teria . 83 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA TSB-88-B iii 7.4.3.1. Adjacent Channel Requirements . 86 7.5. HAAT Calculation 86 7.5.1. Terrain Database. 87 7.5.
42、1.1. Terrain Database resolution. 87 7.5.1.2. Basis and methodology for extracting values. 87 7.5.1.3. Data extents. 87 7.5.1.4. Data format 87 7.5.1.5. Reissue 87 7.5.1.6. Availability 87 7.5.2. HAAT DEFINITION 88 7.5.2.1. Station HAAT Definition . 88 7.5.2.2. Radial HAAT Definition 88 7.5.2.3. Sta
43、tion-to-Service Area HAAT Definition . 88 7.5.2.4. Radial Point extraction method 88 7.6. Terrain Elevation Dataset 88 7.6.1. Establishing Terrain Elevation Points Along a Profile Using the Terrain Dataset 90 7.6.1.1. Bilinear Interpolation 90 7.6.1.2. “Snap to Nearest Point” Method 90 7.7. Local Cl
44、utter Loss Attenuation Standard Values. 90 7.7.1. Classification Values . 91 7.7.2. NLCD92 Resampling. 96 7.8. Propagation Modeling and Simulation Benchmarks 97 7.9. Recommendations Concerning Tiled vs. Radial Metaphors 98 7.9.1. Radial Method . 98 7.9.2. Stepped Radial Method . 98 7.9.3. Grid Mappe
45、d from Radial Data Method . 98 7.9.4. Tiled Method 99 7.9.5. Discussion of Methods 99 7.9.6. Summary and Recommendations . 100 7.10. Reliability Prediction 101 7.11. Interference Calculations. 102 7.11.1. Equivalent Interferer Method . 102 7.11.2. Monte Carlo Simulation Method 105 7.11.2.1. Calculat
46、e Deterministic Signal Strengths. 105 7.11.2.2. Draw from a Pseudorandom Number File 105 7.11.2.3. Multiply by Known Standard Deviation. 106 7.11.2.4. Offset the Calculated Signal Strengths 106 7.11.2.5. Calculations for Each of the Samples 106 7.11.2.6. Determine the Probability of a “Pass” 106 7.1
47、1.3. Frequency Stability Adjustment . 106 7.11.3.1. Determine Standard Deviation of Frequency Drift . 106 7.11.3.2. Determine Confidence Factor 107 7.11.3.3. Frequency Stability Adjustment Calculation. 108 7.11.4. Adjacent Channel Requirements. 108 7.11.4.1. Reduce Frequency Separation 108 Copyright
48、 Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA TSB-88-B iv 7.11.5. Alternative Methods. 110 7.11.5.1. Okumura/Hata/Davidson Alternative Contour Method. 110 7.11.5.2. Tile Method 110
49、 8. PERFORMANCE CONFIRMATION . 111 8.1. Validated Service/Covered Area Reliability. 113 8.2. Determination of Number of Test Tiles (Outdoor only) 113 8.2.1. Estimate of Proportions. 113 8.3. Pass/Fail Test Criteria. 114 8.3.1. The “Greater Than” Test . 114 8.3.2. The “Acceptance Window” Test 114 8.4. Confidence 114 8.4.1. Confidence Level. 114 8.4.2. Confidence Interval . 114 8.5. Size Constraints Assess
