1、 ANSI/TIA-136-220-2000 APPROVED: MARCH 31, 2000 REAFFIRMED: OCTOBER 20, 2004 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 14, 2013 WITHDRAWN: JUNE 12, 2015 TIA-136-220 March 2000TDMA Third Generation Wireless- VSELP Minimum Performance NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interes
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18、ANY AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIB
19、ILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA/EIA-136-220iTable of Contents1. Introduction11.1 Scope 11.2 Definitions 31.3 Test Model for the Speech C
20、odec 42. Codec Minimum Standards72.1 Strict Objective Performance Requirements 72.1.1 Strict Encoder/Decoder Objective Test Definition 92.1.2 Method of Measurement 102.1.3 Minimum Performance Requirements 122.2 Combined Objective/Subjective Performance Requirements 122.2.1 Objective Performance Part
21、 122.2.2 Speech Codec Subjective Performance Part 133. Standard Test Conditions .243.1 Standard Equipment 243.1.1 Basic Equipment 243.1.2 Subjective Test Equipment 263.2 Standard Environmental Test Conditions 283.3 Standard Software Test Tools 283.3.1 Analysis of Subjective Performance Test Results
22、283.3.2 Cumulative Distribution Function 293.3.3 Segmental Signal to Noise Ratio Program 323.3.4 Randomization routine for VSELP validation test 383.4 Master Codecs 433.4.1 Standard Master Codec 433.4.2 Alternative Master Codec 493.5 Standard Source Speech Files 493.5.1 Processing of Source Material
23、 493.5.2 Data Format of the Source Material 543.5.3 Speech Files for MOS Testing 553.5.4 Calibration file 573.5.5 Software tools for generating speech files 573.6 Contents of software distribution 614. Change History.66TIA/EIA-136-220iiList of ExhibitsExhibit 1.3-1 Test Model 5Exhibit 1.3-2 Binary i
24、ntermediate frame format for speech codec parameters 6Exhibit 2.1-1 Flow chart for strict objective performance test.8Exhibit 2.2-1 Instructions for Subjects . 16Exhibit 2.2-2 Analysis of Variance Table . 20Exhibit 2.2-3 Flow chart of codec testing process. 22Exhibit 2.2-4 MOS versus MNRU Q. 23Exhib
25、it 3.1-1 Basic Test Equipment 24Exhibit 3.1-2 Subjective testing equipment configuration 26Exhibit 3.1-3 IRS Receive Frequency Response. 27Exhibit 3.3-1 Analysis of Variance 28Exhibit 3.3-2 Source code for cdf.c 30Exhibit 3.3-3 Source code for snr.c. 34Exhibit 3.3-4 Code for random.c. 39Exhibit 3.4-
26、1 Block diagram of speech encoder . 45Exhibit 3.4-2 Block diagram of speech decoder . 46Exhibit 3.5-1 Impulse response for FIR decimation filter. 51Exhibit 3.5-2 Impulse response for IRS FIR filter 52Exhibit 3.5-3 Sending frequency response of IRS 54Exhibit 3.5-4 Source speech sample assigned to eac
27、h test condition for every talker . 55Exhibit 3.5-5 Practice Trials 56Exhibit 3.5-6 Source code for stat.c 57Exhibit 3.5-7 Source code for scale.c 59Exhibit 3.6-1 Software distribution . 62TIA/EIA-136-22011. Introduction1This standard details definitions, methods of measurement, and2minimum performa
28、nce characteristics of speech codec specified in3TIA/EIA-136-420.4This standard consists of this document and a software distribution5containing speech source material, calibration source material, ANSI C6language source files for the compilation of two versions of the master7codec, ANSI C language
29、source files for a number of software data8analysis tools, Modulated Noise Reference Unit source files, and a9spreadsheet tool for data analysis. A detailed description of contents10and formats of the software distribution is given in 3.6 of this11document. The software distribution shall accompany
30、this standard, for12example, on the same CD-ROM, from the same internet site.13Compatibility, as used in connection with these standards, is14understood to mean: any Mobile Station is able to place and receive15calls in any cellular system. Conversely, all cellular systems are able to16place and rec
31、eive calls with any Mobile Station. To assure17compatibility, it is essential that speech processing parameters be18specified.19The speech codec specified in TIA/EIA-136-420 is intended to be used20at both Dual Mode Mobile Stations and at compatible Base Stations in21the Cellular Service. This state
32、ment is not intended to preclude22implementations in which codecs are placed at a Mobile Switching23Center or elsewhere within the cellular system. Indeed, some mobile to24mobile calls, however routed, may not require the implementation of a25codec on the fixed side of the cellular system at all. Th
33、is standard is26meant to define the recommended minimum performance requirements27of compatible codecs, no matter where or how they are implemented in28the cellular service.29Although the basic purpose of cellular telecommunications has been30voice communication, evolving usages (for example, data)
34、may allow31the omission of some of the features specified herein provided that32system compatibility is not compromised.33These standards concentrate specifically on the speech codec specified34in TIA/EIA-136-420, whether implemented at either the Mobile Station35or the Base Station or elsewhere in
35、the cellular system. They cover the36operation of this component only to the extent that compatibility is37assured.381.1 Scope39This document specifies the procedures to be employed to test that40implementations of speech codecs compatible with that specified in41specified in TIA/EIA-136-420 meet re
36、commended minimum42performance requirements. This speech codec is the Vector Sum43Excited Linear Predictive coding (VSELP) system described in44TIA/EIA-136-420 TDMA Cellular/PCS - Radio Interface - VSELP. The45TIA/EIA-136-2202VSELP speech codec is used to digitally encode the speech signal for1trans
37、mission at a data rate of 7950 bps.2Unlike some speech coding standards, TIA/EIA-136-420 does not3specify a bit-exact description of the speech coding system. The speech4coding algorithm is described in functional form leaving exact5implementation details of the algorithm to the designer. It is then
38、 not6possible to test compatibility with the standard by inputting certain test7vectors to the speech codec and examining the output for exact8replication of a reference vector. This document describes a series of9tests which are used to test conformance to the specification. These10tests do not nec
39、essarily ensure that the codec operates satisfactorily11under all possible input signals and it is still a requirement of the12manufacturer to ensure that his implementation operates in a consistent13manner. The purpose of these tests is to test for minimum performance14levels and the manufacturer s
40、hould attempt to provide the highest15performance possible.16The testing of the codec is based upon two classes of procedures:17objective tests, which are based on actual measurements on the speech18codec function; and subjective tests, which are based on listening tests19to judge overall speech qua
41、lity. One of the purposes of the testing is not20only to ensure adequate performance between one manufacturers21encoder and decoder but also that this level of performance is22maintained with operation between any pairing of manufacturers23encoders and decoders. This inter-operability issue is a ser
42、ious one.24Any variation in implementing the exact standard must be avoided if it25cannot be ensured that minimum performance levels are met when26inter-operating with all other manufacturers equipment meeting the27standard. The purpose of this standard is to provide a means for28measuring performan
43、ce levels while trying to ensure proper inter-29operation with other manufacturers equipment.30The issue of inter-operation can only be definitively answered by31testing all combinations of encoder/decoder pairings. With the number32of equipment manufacturers expected to supply equipment this33becom
44、es a prohibitive task. The approach taken in this standard is to34define an objective test on the speech decoder function to ensure that its35implementation closely follows that of the TIA/EIA-136-42036specification. This is to reduce as much as possible the amount of37performance variation exhibite
45、d by various implementations of the38decoder function. Because the complexity of the decoder is not large,39constraining the performance closely is not onerous. If all40implementations of the decoder function provide essentially similar41results, then inter-operation is more easily assured with vari
46、ous42manufacturers encoder implementations.43The objective and subjective tests rely upon the use of a master codec.44This is a floating point implementation of the speech coding algorithm45written in the C programming language. The master codec is described46more fully in 3.5. This software is used
47、 as part of the inter-operability47testing.48By convention in this document, the Courier font is used to indicate49C language and other software constructs such as file and variable50names. The diacritical mark, , is used to indicate section numbers.51TIA/EIA-136-22031.2 Definitions1BER Bit Error Ra
48、te - Equals (# of received bit errors)/(Total # of transmitted bits).2CELP Code Excited Linear Predictive Coding. These techniques use codebooks to3vector quantize the excitation (residual) signal of a Linear Predictive Codec4(LPC).5Codec The combination of an encoder and decoder in series (encoder/
49、decoder).6Coder Same as “encoder“.7dBA A-weighted sound pressure level expressed in dB obtained by the use of a8metering characteristic and the weighting A specified in ANSI S1.4-1983, and9the addendum ANSI S1.4a-1985.10dBPa Sound level with respect to 1 Pascal, 20 log10(Pressure / 1 Pa).11dBmO Power relative to 1 milliWatt. CCITT Recommendation G.711 specifies a12theoretical load capacity with a full scale sine wave to be +3.17 dBmO for -law13PCM coding. In this standard, +3.17 dBmO is also defined to be the level of a14full amplitude sine wave in the 16 bit 2s complement not
